scholarly journals Management of the storage of cryopreserved sperm on dairy cattle farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Muiño ◽  
A.I. Peña ◽  
L.A. Quintela ◽  
J. Becerra ◽  
P. Herradón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cattle Farms

26 liquid nitrogen tanks were selected from different dairy cattle farms. Three sperm doses were introduced in a frequently used canister, while another three straws were deposited in another canister that did not contain any sperm doses, to determine whether the refilling with liquid nitrogen had been done appropriately. Then, 10 sperm doses belonging to the same freezing lot were stored in our laboratory under ideal conditions to be used as control doses. After certain time period, the doses were collected from the farms and were analysed to obtain data about their total sperm motility and the individual kinetic parameters of each sperm. Four sperm subpopulations (SP) with different patterns of motility were identified using a cluster multivariate analysis. The results show that the mean total sperm motility has hardly decreased for the doses stored in the frequently used canister (45.2 ? 6.9%) in comparison with the doses stored in the rarely used canister (46.9 ? 59.0). However, the decrease in total motility was greater when compared with the control doses (59.0%). As for the sperm SP, (SP4 rapid and progressive sperm) which contained 31% of the total of sperm (control doses), differed the most when control doses were compared to straw stored in farm tanks. The percentage of the latter was reduced to 10 % after being stored in the tanks of the farms for 7 mo. Such damage in SP 4 is progressive and cumulative and would probably reduce drastically compromising the fertility of the aforementioned sperm doses.

scholarly journals Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 22355-22413 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Myhre ◽  
B. H. Samset ◽  
M. Schulz ◽  
Y. Balkanski ◽  
S. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Aerosol Effect ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Aerosol Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 15 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 15 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from −0.58 to −0.02 W m−2, with a mean of −0.30 W m−2 for the 15 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information from the other AeroCom models reduces the range and slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of −0.39 W m−2. Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study. We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results.

scholarly journals Improving the technical efficiency and productivity of dairy farms in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Ioannis Mitsopoulos ◽  
Maria Tsiouni ◽  
Aleksandra Pavloudi ◽  
Dimitrios Gourdouvelis ◽  
Stamatios Aggelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

This paper aims to examine the current state of dairy cattle farming in Greece, to identify factors that aff ect its profitability, and to analyse the efficiency of farms, using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. It also assesses the economic viability of dairy cattle farms by quantifying the technical efficiency of their processes, with a view to suggesting measures that may serve to improve competitiveness. Results have shown that the mean technical efficiencies estimated for the CRS and VRS DEA approaches are 0.693 and 0.754 respectively, indicating that 30.7% and 21.6% equiproportional decreases in inputs are feasible, given the level of outputs and the production technology.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of mutton snapper ( Lutjanus analis) sperm

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO G. SANCHES ◽  
IDILI R. OLIVEIRA ◽  
PEDRO C. DA SILVA SERRALHEIRO ◽  
VINICIUS R. CERQUEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Motility Rate

This study aimed to develop a protocol of semen cryopreservation of the mutton snapper Lutjanus analis. The interaction between three extenders ( pH 6.1; 7.8 and 8.2) , two concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO, 5 and 10%) and three cooling rates ( -90; -60 and -30°C.min−1) on the sperm motility rate and motility time were analyzed by a factorial experiment. A sample of 30 fishes ( 1,261 ± 449 g) collected in the nature was kept in floating net cages. The semen was frozen by using cryogenic straws, in nitrogen vapour and transferred, later, to liquid nitrogen. Fertilization test was accomplished to evaluate the viability of the cryopreserved sperm. The highest sperm motility rate and motility time ( P < 0.05) was achieved by combining extender C ( pH 8.2) with DMSO ( 10%) and cooling rate of -60°C.min−1 ( P < 0.05) . The use of cryopreserved sperm presented fertilization rates higher than 59% validating the present protocol for mutton snapper.

scholarly journals Development of competitiveness and its determinants in Slovak dairy farms

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
M. Michaličková ◽  
Z. Krupová ◽  
P. Polák ◽  
L. Hetényi ◽  
E. Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cattle Farms

The competitiveness and its determinants for Slovak dairy cattle farms during the years 2007 to 2011 was analysed. The economic database of the Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra was used as the basis. The profit in milk production with including the direct subsidies was assumed as the main parameter of the dairy farm competitiveness. The influence of the individual cost items and milk yield on the competitiveness was quantified using the multivariable linear regression model. Our results indicate that the farms were competitive in milk production only in 2007 and 2008. The highest profit (0.026&nbsp;&euro; per 1 kg of milk) was reached in 2007. It was mainly determined by the level of the milk price (+9%) and unit costs (&ndash;10%) in the evaluated period. The negative regression to the competitiveness was observed for the feed costs, labour costs, repairs and services, depreciations, other direct costs and overheads. On the other hand, the statistically positive impact of the milk yield was found. Generally, the effective utilization of the production potential of animals should be recommended as the main factor of the unit costs reduction as well as for the improvement of the dairy cattle farms profit. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Myhre ◽  
B. H. Samset ◽  
M. Schulz ◽  
Y. Balkanski ◽  
S. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Aerosol Effect ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Aerosol Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from −0.58 to −0.02 Wm−2, with a mean of −0.27 Wm−2 for the 16 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information from the other AeroCom models reduces the range and slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of −0.35 Wm−2. Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study. We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results.

scholarly journals Cryogenic Freezing of Silver Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) Spermatozoa for Gene Pool Conservation

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
MRI Sarder ◽  
F Rahman ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
MS Samad
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Thaw Period ◽  
Silver Barb

Experiments were conducted to develop and standardize the protocols of cryopreservation of sperm of Barbonymus gonionotus. Three extenders Alsever’s solution, urea-egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate and four cryoprotectants methanol, ethanol, DMSO and DMA were used. Cryodiluents were prepared by adding 10% cryoprotectant to 90% extender (% v/v). Milt and cryodiluents were mixed at a ratio of 1 : 9 for Alsever’s solution and 1 : 4 for urea egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate solutions. Alsever’s solution with 10% DMSO showed the best performance and produced 78 ± 2.55% sperm motility at the post-thaw period. Urea egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate with 10% DMSO produced 76 ± 1.87% and 74 ± 1.87% post-thaw motility respectively. When cryopreserved sperm was stored in liquid nitrogen for 130 days, a gradual reduction in motility ranging from 31.25 to 37.50% was observed. This could be happened due to frequent opening of the nitrogen dewar that could cause thawing of the sample. In breeding trials, sperm preserved with Alsever’s solution and urea egg-yolk plus 10% DMSO produced 14.28 ± 7.06% and 15.46 ± 5.50% hatching respectively. In contrast, sperm preserved with egg-yolk citrate and 10% DMSO produced poor hatching as 8.01 ± 2.15%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16863 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 117 – 124, 2009

scholarly journals MEAN REVERSION: AN INVESTIGATION FROM KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE SECTORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita VVEINHARDT ◽  
Dalia STREIMIKIENE ◽  
Ahmed Raheem RIZWAN ◽  
Ahmad NAWAZ ◽  
Aniqe REHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mean Reversion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Individual

This article analyses the sectors of Karachi stock exchange in order to determine if there is any presence of mean reversion phenomenon in the stock market sectors and also an attempt to determine the pace of mean reversion. To conduct this research, secondary data is collected from the State Bank Bulletin. The frequency of the data is monthly. The variables include the individual; the data was obtained from 24 sectors returns over the period of 17 years from January 1992 to June 2008. The GARCH (1, 1) model was used to find the outcomes and the effects. In the two sectors out of 24 sectors, the GARCH and ARCH effects were significant, namely, in the Jute and Banks & Investment Companies. We studied the mean reverting process in the KSE sectors over a specific time period. Since, the mean reversion varies over different time periods. Therefore, it would be a good area for future research to study the reasons, why the market reacts differently over different time periods and to determine the reasons for such variations. The paper contributes to Stock Prices returns and investment opportunities by studying the Mean Reversion Phenomenon.

A Simple Method for the Evaluation of Internal Doses in Nuclear Medicine

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

USING CRYOPRESERVED SPERM FOR CREATING STERLET BROOD STOCK

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Ponomareva ◽  
Maria Mikhailovna Belaya ◽  
Alexandra Andrianovna Krasilnikova ◽  
Alexander Nickolaevich Nevalennyy
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Active Response ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Sturgeon Fish

The research on the sterlet roe artificial insemination using cryopreserved sperm was carried out in the research base of the RAS Southern Scientific Centre (the Rostov region). Reproductive cells (including cryopreserved cells), larvae, sterlet fry ( Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) were taken as an object of research. A half of the roe (1.7 kg) taken from female starlet was inseminated by native sperm (control group); another half was inseminated by defrosted sperm of two males, which was stored in liquid nitrogen at -196ºC during 3 years (pilot group). Incubation lasted 5 days at water temperature 14.5-18.2ºC, with daily fluctuations of temperature 1.9ºC. Roe insemination in the control group made 90%, in the pilot group - 70%. Roe embryonic growth in the control group was faster, but embryogenesis duration in the pilot group met the standard time limits. Hatching prolarvae in the control group started one hour earlier, than in the pilot group; it made 75% and 60% of all incubated roe, correspondingly. Waste during the period of larvae maturing before they pass to mixed feeding was negligible - 2% in the control group and 3.4% in the pilot group. According to the test results, "open field" of reactivity of the central nervous system in the pilot group fry didn’t change from the control group fry, but more active response to stimuli was noted in the pilot group, which is very important for fry adaptation to the conditions in natural water basins. It was established that sterlet offspring obtained with use of defrosted sexual cells does not differ from the offspring obtained using native sperm and has higher morphometric characteristics. The test results prove the possibility and practicability of using sexual cells stored in liquid nitrogen for artificial restoration and formation of sturgeon fish broodstocks.

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