scholarly journals The application of modern molecular techniques in animal selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
Marina Selionova ◽  
Violeta Caro-Petrovic ◽  
Dragana Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
Nevena Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Modern Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Some problems of modern analysis of the genome of domestic animals and the possibility of applying the results of the research in the selection have considered. Molecular genome analysis has progressed rapidly. Today, using modern DNA analysis, the domestic animals breeding value can be safely foreseen. Based on the scientist?s intuition of early-20th century, after half a century, genetic markers had discovered. Thus, the traditional selection method has integrated with molecular techniques of selection by applying marker-assisted selection (MAS). Microsatellites have attracted great attention from scientists because they are widespread in the genome and have a high level of polymorphism. Thousands of SNPs have discovered with their exact position in the genome. This very reliable method occurred for analyzing the genome which shows the change of only one nucleotide base into the DNA molecule. All modern achievements of molecular genetics have opened the way for practical application in the selection of all kinds of domestic animals. Today, a combination of molecular or genomic selection combined with a traditional is very reliable method for a faster, more accurate assessment of the breeding value of animals.

scholarly journals GENETIC POTENTIAL AND BREEDING VALUE OF BULL PRODUCERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
L. V. Kholodova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The process of improving the breeding and productive qualities of dairy cattle is impossible without the selection of servicing bulls with high genetic potential and breeding value. The paper investigates the breeding value and genetic potential of servicing bulls whose bio-products are used to inseminate dairy cattle in the Republic of Mari El. The author finds out that the population of bulls is of high quality and belongs to five genealogical lines: Vis Back Aydial 1013415, Montwick Chiftein 95679, Sawring Reflex 198998, Seling Trijun Rokita 252803, Pabst Governer 882933. Bulls, obtained from highly productive ancestors and have a high genetic potential in terms of milk yield (from 7513 to 13361 kg) and mass fraction of fat in milk (from 3.87 to 4.43%). The female offsprings of the investigated servicing bulls have rather high level of milk productivity (milk yield is 7017 kg on average, mass fraction of fat is 3,94, protein - 3,08%). The paper highlights that the highest level of dairy productivity was achieved by the descendants of the bull Yasa-M 462771. Their milk yield for the first lactation was 8185 kg, mass fraction of fat was 3.93%, protein concentration was 3.11%. The most part of investigated bulls have high breeding value according to all studied milk productivity parameters. According to the milk yield, it varied from 96.1 to145.5%, the mass fraction of fat – from 100 to 101.8, protein -from 98 to 101.6%. 10 servicing bulls as Artist, Butembo-M, Koldun, Leksaid, Morzhik, Norman-M, Auckland-M, Sayan, Spartak and Yasa-M have relative breeding value on all studied indicators which was above 100%. The most valuable servicing bulls were observed as Yas-M 462771 and Koldun 103.

scholarly journals Some aspects of DNA analysis in the selection of small ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Violeta Caro-Petrovic ◽  
Dragana Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
Nevena Maksimovic ◽  
Bogdan Cekic ◽  
Ivan Cosic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Tremendous Challenge ◽  
Selection Of

DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

SBA MCQs for the MRCS Part A

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri G. Thrumurthy ◽  
Tania Samantha De Silva ◽  
Zia Moinuddin ◽  
Stuart Enoch
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Factual Recall ◽  
Selection Of

Specifically designed to help candidates revise for the MRCS exam, this book features 350 Single Best Answer multiple choice questions, covering the whole syllabus. Containing everything candidates need to pass the MRCS Part A SBA section of the exam, it focuses intensively on the application of basic sciences (applied surgical anatomy, physiology, and pathology) to the management of surgical patients. The high level of detail included within the questions and their explanations allows effective self-assessment of knowledge and quick identification of key areas requiring further attention. Varying approaches to Single Best Answer multiple choice questions are used, giving effective exam practice and guidance through revision and exam technique. This includes clinical case questions, 'positively-worded' questions, requiring selection of the most appropriate of relatively correct answers; 'two-step' or 'double-jump' questions, requiring several cognitive steps to arrive at the correct answer; as well as 'factual recall' questions, prompting basic recall of facts.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽  
Isabel García-Luque ◽  
Sofía Ballesta ◽  
Antonio Rezusta ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult.

A simulation study of open nucleus and closed nucleus breeding systems in a sheep population

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Nucleus Breeding ◽  
Open Nucleus ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractStochastic simulation was used to compare the results of alternative breeding systems in a sheep population divided into 10 flocks of 120 ewes. The breeding systems compared were selection within closed flocks (CF), a closed nucleus system (CNS), an open nucleus system (ONS) and open nucleus systems with the selection of nucleus replacements being restricted to either nucleus born males (ONSRm) or nucleus born females (ONSRf). Selection was for a best linear unbiased prediction of breeding value for lamb live weight which had a heritability of 0·17. The open nucleus breeding systems (ONS, ONSRm, ONSRf) resulted in higher rates of genetic gain, more predictable selection responses and lower rates of inbreeding than either the closed nucleus system (CNS) or selection within closed flocks (CF). Initial genetic differences between flocks resulted in higher rates of genetic gain in the nucleus breeding systems due to the use of between flock genetic variance. In the ONS system up to 25% of nucleus sires and approximately 50% of nucleus dams were born in base flocks. Nevertheless if selection of either nucleus sires or dams was restricted to nucleus born animals there was very little change in genetic gain or rate of inbreeding.

scholarly journals Analysis of ancient DNA from a prehistoric Amerindian cemetery

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1379) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Stone ◽  
Mark Stoneking
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Dna Preservation ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Central Illinois

The Norris Farms No. 36 cemetery in central Illinois has been the subject of considerable archaeological and genetic research. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA have been examined in this 700–year–old population. DNA preservation at the site was good, with about 70% of the samples producing mtDNA results and approximately 15% yielding nuclear DNA data. All four of the major Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were found, in addition to a fifth haplogroup. Sequences of the first hypervariable region of the mtDNA control region revealed a high level of diversity in the Norris Farms population and confirmed that the fifth haplogroup associates with Mongolian sequences and hence is probably authentic. Other than a possible reduction in the number of rare mtDNA lineages in many populations, it does not appear as if European contact significantly altered patterns of Amerindian mtDNA variation, despite the large decrease in population size that occurred. For nuclear DNA analysis, a novel method for DNA–based sex identification that uses nucleotide differences between the X and Y copies of the amelogenin gene was developed and applied successfully in approximately 20 individuals. Despite the well–known problems of poor DNA preservation and the ever–present possibility of contamination with modern DNA, genetic analysis of the Norris Farms No. 36 population demonstrates that ancient DNA can be a fruitful source of new insights into prehistoric populations.

GIS Based Multi-Criteria decision support system and machine learning for Hospital Site Selection case study Oran - Algeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Automatic Learning ◽  
Hospital Site ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The selection of hospital sites is one of the most important choice a decision maker has to take so as to resist the pandemic. The decision may considerably affect the outbreak transmission in terms of efficiency , budget, etc. The main targeted objective of this study is to find the ideal location where to set up a hospital in the willaya of Oran Alg. For this reason, we have used a geographic information system coupled to the multi-criteria analysis method AHP in order to evaluate diverse criteria of physiological positioning , environmental and economical. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the advanced techniques of the automatic learning . the method of the random forest (RF) for the patterning of the hospital site selection in the willaya of Oran. The result of our study may be useful to decision makers to know the suitability of the sites as it provides a high level of confidence and consequently accelerate the power to control the COVID19 pandemic.

High-Granular Micro-Segmentation in Campus Networks based on Downloadable Access Control Lists

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
D. S. Khleborodov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Malicious Code ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Campus Networks ◽  
High Level ◽  
Access Policies

Micro-segmentation of local networks is an important element of network security. The main goal of micro-segmentation of network is to reduce a risk of compromising hosts during a cyber-attack. In micro-segmented networks, if one of the hosts has been compromised, the malicious code or attacker will be limited in the "horizontal" actions by the micro-segment to which the compromised host belongs. Existing methods of micro-segmentation of networks have operational drawbacks that impede their effective practical application. This article presents a new method of micro-segmentation of local wired and wireless networks based on downloadable and wireless access control lists, which allows to achieve a high level of granularity of network access policies by minimizing the microsegment, along with high operational characteristics.

scholarly journals FUZZY MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING MODEL FOR SUBCONTRACTOR SELECTION IN INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar ULUBEYLI ◽  
Aynur KAZAZ
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
International Construction ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Initial Idea ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Selection Of

A general contractor’s ability to select proper subcontractors in foreign projects is a key competitive advantage. Toward this aim, a subcontractor selection model (CoSMo) was developed in this study. As a computational approach, the fuzzy sets method was employed because it can model human judgment by means of linguistic values, combining qualitative and quantitative decision criteria into an aggregate measure. Although the algorithm may be complex for easy acceptance by industrial practitioners, this disadvantage was minimized through a computer-supported system. In order to gain a better understanding of the current practice of CoSMo, a real world construction project was conducted. As a result, it was observed that CoSMo has high practical application and can be used as an advisory system by satisfying principal contractor’s requirements to reduce the risk involved in the selection of a subcontractor. Moreover, it gives an initial idea of how subcontractors perform on each decision criterion and allows the main contractor to understand the picture on the strong and weak points of each bidder and thereby to take conscious decisions.

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