Agricultural Knowledge, Local Environment, and the Experts: Silkworm Production in Nineteenth-Century Bursa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-100
Author(s):  
Zeynep Akçakaya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Hybrid Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article is a case study of silkworm production in Bursa in the nineteenth century. This case was chosen mainly to discuss the relationship between scientific agricultural knowledge and peasants’ knowledge. The article argues that neither type of knowledge was static and that hybrid knowledge was the product of the interaction between scientific and peasants’ knowledge. Furthermore, it analyses how scientific knowledge turned from a cure for pebrine, a disease of silkworms, into a means of standardisation and control of the peasants’ production by the government and the Ottoman Public Debt Administration so that they could increase their revenue from sericulture. In this framework, the article also discusses how peasants’ knowledge changed partly by embracing scientific knowledge and partly by resisting it.

Translation, Annotation and Knowledge-Making: Leopold von Buch's Travels through Norway and Lapland (1813)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 323-341
Author(s):  
Alison E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This paper sheds new light on the relationship between translation and annotation by adding the theoretical coordinate of expertise to the discussion about the ways in which translators contribute to the making of knowledge. It takes as its case study the German geologist Leopold von Buch's account of his scientific travels through Scandinavia, the Reise durch Norwegen und Lappland (Berlin: Nauck, 1810), which appeared in English three years later as the Travels through Norway and Lapland during the Years 1806, 1807 and 1808 (London: Colburn, 1813). It was translated by the Scottish journalist John Black, who added a handful of his own annotations, while a weightier footnote apparatus was appended by Robert Jameson, Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh. The paratextual material was not, however, meant merely to aid comprehension. Black's additions helped to vaunt his ‘practical’ expertise as a linguist and translator, while Jameson's additions repeatedly stressed his own ‘subject’ expertise as a specialist on the geology of Scotland and an ardent devotee of the German geologist Abraham Werner. These two sets of footnotes highlighted the tensions between transnational scientific knowledge-making and national, regional and individual agendas in nineteenth-century translation and annotation practice.

scholarly journals Shadow economy and public debt sustainability in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (173) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yereli Burçin ◽  
Erdem Seçilmiş ◽  
Alparslan Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the shadow economy and public debt in Turkey. We elaborate on the questions regarding the negative effects of shadow economy on the sustainability of public debt observing the estimates about the size of shadow economy in Turkey. In the light of some scholars? estimates, we re-evaluate the macroeconomic situation of Turkey. At the core of the study, we discuss how the government borrowing policies would differ if the shadow economy was included into the legal system. In order to examine the effects of shadow economy on sustainability, we use various sustainability indicators. There is a significant difference observed between the calculations which take into account the volume of shadow economy as a share of economic system and those that exclude shadow economy as an exogenous variable. .

The Science of Destruction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Werrett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explosive Chemicals

This chapter surveys the evolution of chemical and mechanical weapons used by terrorists between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, ranging from the diabolical contraptions of “infernal machines” to dynamite, the terrorist’s favorite explosive, invented by Alfred Nobel in the 1860s. The chapter also explores the ingenuity of terror. While anarchists and revolutionaries who used explosive chemicals are often represented as merely consumers of the latest scientific creations, the chapter argues that in fact these communities showed considerable ingenuity in devising new weapons. A brief case study of the career of Irish nationalist Robert Emmet’s rockets in the pre-dynamite era demonstrates this. The chapter concludes by considering the relationship of terror and science, and contrasts the radical political views of terrorists with their typically unchallenging acceptance of scientific authority and opinions in the nineteenth century.

Power relations and the accounting system in the Archbishop’s Seminary of Siena (1666-1690)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Michela Magliacani ◽  
Roberto Di Pietra
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Accounting can affect and determine power relations. Previous studies have emphasized how accounting has been used by “central” powers; less is known from the perspective of “local” power and its capacity to resist and protect its interests. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the Archbishop’s Seminary of Siena (ASS) (local) and Roman ecclesiastic institutions (central). This study contributes to filling the existing gap in the literature regarding how accounting could be used as a tool for deception in local/central power relations. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology is based on a case study and archival research. The ASS case study was analyzed through its archive, made up for the most part of accounting books. As to the approach adopted, the authors used the Foucault framework to observe power relations in order to identify possible ways in which accounting can be employed as a factor of deception. Findings Power relations between the ASS and Roman ecclesiastic institutions were maintained through a system of reporting that limited the influence of the ecclesiastical power of Rome over the Seminary’s administration and control. The relationship thus runs contrary to the findings in previous studies. The accounting system was managed as a factor of deception in favor of local interests and the limitation of central ecclesiastic power. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to enhancing the existing literature on governmentality, proposing a different perspective in which power relations are based on the use of accounting. The Foucaldian approach demonstrates its validity, even though the power relations under consideration have the unusual feature of occurring within the context of religious institutions. Originality/value This study on the ASS has allowed the identification of two relevant points: the local/central dichotomy is consistent with the logic of power relations as theorized by Foucault, even in cases where it highlights the role of a local power in limiting the flow of information to a central one; and the ASS accounting system was used as a factor of deception.

scholarly journals Republican Relicts: Gender, Memory, and Mourning in Irish Nationalist Culture, ca. 1798–1848

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-637
Author(s):  
Catriona Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Irish Studies ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the past two decades, remembrance has emerged as one of the dominant preoccupations in Irish historical scholarship. There has, however, been little sustained analysis of the relationship between gender and memory in Irish studies, and gender remains under-theorized in memory studies more broadly. Yet one of the striking aspects of nineteenth-century commemorations of the 1798 and 1803 rebellions is the relatively prominent role accorded to women and, in particular, Sarah Curran, Pamela Fitzgerald, and Matilda Tone, the widows of three of the most celebrated United Irish “martyrs.” By analyzing the mnemonic functions these female figures performed in nineteenth-century Irish nationalist discourse, this article offers a case study of the circumstances in which women may be incorporated into, rather than excluded, from national memory cultures. This incorporation, it is argued, had much to do with the fraught political context in which the 1798 rebellion and its leaders were memorialized. As the remembrance of the rebellion in the first half of the nineteenth century assumed a covert character, conventionally gendered distinctions between private grief and public remembrance, intimate histories and heroic reputations, and family genealogy and public biography became blurred so as to foreground women and the female mourner.

scholarly journals Construction Cost of Green Building Certified Residence: A Case Study in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yi Sun ◽  
Yin-Guang Chen ◽  
Rong-Jing Wang ◽  
Shih-Chi Lo ◽  
Jyh-Tyng Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The green building certification system of Taiwan, EEWH (Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction and Health), has been in operation for more than 20 years (since 1999). In order to understand the relationship between green building certification and the construction costs of residential buildings, this study obtained 37 green building-certified residential cases and 36 general residential cases available from public information and conducted a comparative analysis. The results of this study showed that the average construction cost of a green building certification residential building was only 1.58% higher than a general residential building, indicating that green building certification does not require a large increase in costs. However, for residential buildings, achieving a high-grade (gold-grade or diamond-grade) green building certification means an increase of 6.7% to 9.3% in construction costs. This shows that the pursuit of higher levels of green building certification does require higher construction costs. In addition, the results of this study can not only provide important references for the government in making green building policies, but also offer a practical strategy for developers for decision-making.

Regression Model and Control in Experimental Mechanical Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Ângelo Márcio Oliveira Sant’Anna ◽  
Danilo Marcondes Filho
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Experimental Mechanic ◽  
Real Process ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The use of the regression model is usually applied in experimental mechanics processes and allowing for modeling the relationship between one or more process variables. Besides, the regression models are used for monitoring of response variables as function of one or more process variables. The scheme is based on the residuals deviance from regression model for detecting any disturbance in the control variables. This paper presents the control charts from modeling of an experimental mechanic industrial processes that involve count variables. We illustrated the performance of scheme to case study based on real process.

scholarly journals Influence and the New American Revolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Raghav Sharma
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
American Government ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Contemporary political discourse in the United States is rife with ideas on how our society can change and reform — in particular, issues such as campaign finance reform, income inequality, and the use and control of firearms are in need of a comprehensive response that is attentive to the needs and will of the American people. Sadly, the relationship between the American people and our government is currently in a dismal state. This relationship between the people and the government has become unbalanced and unfair, reducing the likelihood of change and deterring individuals from believing in their ability to influence such reform. The need to understand our capacity to effect change, though, is absolutely necessary. The issues facing the American government at this time are as numerous as they are serious, but ideas and proposals are coming forward with the potential to rebalance this relationship. More importantly, they have the potential to usher in a new American Revolution that makes good on the democratic promise of a government for, of and by the people. 

Politics of Power-Sharing in Disputed Territories: A Case Study of the 13th Amendment in the Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110522
Author(s):  
Raja Qaiser Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Power Sharing ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
The Relationship

The proper functioning of the government and administration of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is taken care of by Pakistan through the successive installment of courts and a series of acts that inter alia include the 1962 Act, the 1970 Act, and the Interim Constitution Act 1974. This paper discusses power-sharing arrangements in AJK, and makes connections to asymmetrical federalism and liminality. It further dissects the matrix of the 13th amendment in the constitution of Azad Kashmir and how it changed the nature of the relationship between AJK and Pakistan. The paper also underscores the contemporary contours of state and polity in AJK and the debate on the 14th amendment.

“Rational Amusement and Sound Instruction”: Constructing the True Catholic Woman in the Ave Maria, 1865-1889

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Edgell Becker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Official Ideology ◽  
Meaning Systems ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between gender ideology and popular culture in one particular time and place—a Catholic family magazine called the Ave Maria during the latter part of the nineteenth Century. This case study yields an interpretive sociological account of how women were portrayed in this magazine, an account that sheds light on our understanding of the construction and negotiation of religious ideologies. When I speak of “ideology,” I refer to highly articulated and explicit meaning Systems that construct and regulate patterns of conduct. “Official ideologies” are endorsed and promoted by organizational officials and/or community elites.A systematic examination of Ave Maria from 1865 to 1889 reveals that two-thirds of the articles reproduce some version of the official ideology of the True Catholic Woman. On the other hand, about one-third of the articles produce what I call “alternative interpretations”—“alternative” because they are critical of the limits that the official versions placed on women's character, activity, or autonomy.

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