Integrated approach to prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases

Introduction. From 1984 to 2004, the city of Novi Sad participated in the international MONICA (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) project, as one of the 38 research centres form 21 countries around the world and in CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention Programme) programme. Objective. Objective was to indicate the advantages of the integrated approach to prevention and control of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) over mono-programmes and still present curative approach. Additional objective was the assessment of the vulnerability from the leading risk factors of the population of Novi Sad, based on the results and experience gained in realization of international projects. Methods. We analyzed the results obtained in the countries where MONICA project and CINDI programme have been applied. The results of their application in Novi Sad are analyzed (the trend of the prevalence of risk factors, the incidence of coronary and cerebrovascular events). Results. The prevalence of risk factors (except smoking), the incidence of coronary and cerebrovascular events are significantly increasing and are in positive correlation with the values of the linear trend. The decrease was only recorded in 1987 (the implementation of the intervention programme). Conclusion. The review of results and experiences in international projects and programs, clearly indicate the advantage of an integrated approach to prevention and control of CVD in relation to monoprograme. The great vulnerability of the population of Novi Sad of the risk factors of CVD points out the necessity of their reductions by the principles of integrated programmes of prevention and control.

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A Research Agenda for Cancer and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control in India

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.48400 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 122s-122s

Author(s):

I. Kataria ◽

M. Siddiqui ◽

L. Squiers ◽

P.K. Dhillon ◽

T. Gillespie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Health System Strengthening ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Advisory Group ◽

Web Based ◽

And Control

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, account for approximately 38 million deaths each year, and almost 75% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. NCDs contribute to 60% of total deaths in India, and of concern are the premature deaths, which account for a staggering 48% mortality and can be prevented. Aim: Establish a consensus research agenda for cancer and NCD prevention and control that has the potential to impact polices, programs and health care delivery. Methods: To develop a NCD research agenda for India, we engaged our community collaborative board (CCB), which included NCD-focused global, national- and state-level stakeholders, and our scientific advisory group (SAG), which included global and national NCD experts, in a three-step process using two Web-based surveys and one in-person meeting. First, we used Delphi methodology to generate topics. Eighteen stakeholders from both CCB and SAG responded to the first Web-based survey generating 165 research ideas during the first round. After accounting for clustering and duplication, we had 56 unique research ideas. Second, these ideas were deliberated upon during the in-person meeting where each participant with a set of 10 stickers placed them next to the research priority(ies) that they felt are important for prevention and control of cancer and NCDs in India. This generated 23 research ideas, which were subjected to SWOT analysis in pairs by the stakeholders using Snowcard methodology with SAG and CCB. The stakeholders prioritized the shortlisted topics based on level of effort and potential to impact NCDs in India. Finally, 15 low effort, high impact priority research ideas for various health outcomes across research disciplines were identified based on discussion with the larger group to reach consensus. The second Web-based survey resulted in identification of 5 key priority research ideas by all stakeholders as being the most important. Results: The 5 prioritized research ideas in order of importance are: (1) development of interventions to empower primary physicians and health workers in early diagnosis of NCDs; (2) evaluation of health system strengthening programs for NCD control; (3) feasibility of integrated care models at primary care level to address multimorbid chronic conditions; (4) development of India specific methods and tools for monitoring trends on NCD morbidity, mortality and risk factors; and (5) identification of effective strategies to mobilize individuals toward NCD screening activities. Conclusion: Development of a consensus research agenda for India is a critical gap needed to pursue resources required to address pressing needs in cancer and other NCDs. The rising mortality and morbidity resulting from cancer and NCDs with similar risk factors, warrants the timely implementation of this agenda. This will generate the evidence-base from which new policies and practices can be used to reduce cancer and other NCDs in India.

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May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Tunisia

European Heart Journal Supplements ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/suab032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_B) ◽

pp. B144-B146

Author(s):

Sina Haj Amor ◽

Thomas Beaney ◽

Olfa Saidi ◽

Jonathan Clarke ◽

Neil R Poulter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Antihypertensive Medication ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

And Control ◽

Adult Volunteers

Abstract We performed a May Measurement Month (MMM) screening campaign among adult volunteers aged 18 years old and over in Tunisia. The objective was to raise awareness, and to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. Following the MMM protocol, three blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken by physicians and standard interviewing procedures were used to record medical history, socio-demographic, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or treatment with antihypertensive medication. From 11 271 adults screened, the prevalence of hypertension was 38.1%. Among those with hypertension, 72.5% were aware of their diagnosis, and 67.5% were treated. BP control was achieved in only 38.2% of all those with hypertension. The study highlights the magnitude of hypertension in Tunisia. There is an urgent need for implementing a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension.

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Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors in Cuba: Prospects for Prevention and Control

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2004.051417 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 94-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Richard S. Cooper ◽

Pedro Orduñez ◽

Marcos D. Iraola Ferrer ◽

Jose Luis Bernal Munoz ◽

Alfredo Espinosa-Brito

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

And Control

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Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10687-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽

Duy Cuong Do ◽

Xuan Luat Le ◽

Thi Hai Dinh ◽

Mats Lindeborg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Younger Adults ◽

The Mean ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

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Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252320000201 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sharif S. Aly ◽

Betsy M. Karle ◽

Deniece R. Williams ◽

Gabriele U. Maier ◽

Sasha Dubrovsky

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Scoring System ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

And Control ◽

Management Changes

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, causing the annual loss of more than 1 million animals and financial losses in excess of $700 million. The multiple etiologies of BRD and its complex web of risk factors necessitate a herd-specific intervention plan for its prevention and control on dairies. Hence, a risk assessment is an important tool that producers and veterinarians can utilize for a comprehensive assessment of the management and host factors that predispose calves to BRD. The current study identifies the steps taken to develop the first BRD risk assessment tool and its components, namely the BRD risk factor questionnaire, the BRD scoring system, and a herd-specific BRD control and prevention plan. The risk factor questionnaire was designed to inquire on aspects of calf-rearing including management practices that affect calf health generally, and BRD specifically. The risk scores associated with each risk factor investigated in the questionnaire were estimated based on data from two observational studies. Producers can also estimate the prevalence of BRD in their calf herds using a smart phone or tablet application that facilitates selection of a true random sample of calves for scoring using the California BRD scoring system. Based on the risk factors identified, producers and herd veterinarians can then decide the management changes needed to mitigate the calf herd's risk for BRD. A follow-up risk assessment after a duration of time sufficient for exposure of a new cohort of calves to the management changes introduced in response to the risk assessment is recommended to monitor the prevalence of BRD.

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Evaluating the treatment and control of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with diabetes in the Inner Mongolia, China: A cross-sectional study

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 106174 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yunfeng Xi ◽

Han Bao ◽

Ke Han ◽

Liying Qiao ◽

Xiaoqian Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

And Control

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Risk factors and biofilm formation analyses of hospital-acquired infection of Candida pelliculosa in a neonatal intensive care unit

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06295-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhijie Zhang ◽

Yu Cao ◽

Yanjian Li ◽

Xufang Chen ◽

Chen Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Anti Fungal ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Candida pelliculosa is an ecological fungal species that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. Numerous studies globally have shown that C. pelliculosa infects neonates. An outbreak recently occurred in our neonatal intensive care unit; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors in this hospital-acquired fungal infection. Methods We performed a case-control study, analysing the potential risk factors for neonatal infections of C. pelliculosa so that infection prevention and control could be implemented in our units. Isolated strains were tested for drug resistance and biofilm formation, important factors for fungal transmission that give rise to hospital-acquired infections. Results The use of three or more broad-spectrum antimicrobials or long hospital stays were associated with higher likelihoods of infection with C. pelliculosa. The fungus was not identified on the hands of healthcare workers or in the environment. All fungal isolates were susceptible to anti-fungal medications, and after anti-fungal treatment, all infected patients recovered. Strict infection prevention and control procedures efficiently suppressed infection transmission. Intact adhesin-encoding genes, shown by genome analysis, indicated possible routes for fungal transmission. Conclusions The use of three or more broad-spectrum antimicrobials or a lengthy hospital stay is theoretically associated with the risk of infection with C. pelliculosa. Strains that we isolated are susceptible to anti-fungal medications, and these were eliminated by treating all patients with an antifungal. Transmission is likely via adhesion to the cell surface and biofilm formation.

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Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo Regency

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.26891 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 565

Author(s):

Husni Husni ◽

Th. B Rahayujati ◽

S Supargiyono

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Health Center ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Control Program ◽

Malaria Risk ◽

District Health ◽

And Control ◽

Malaria Risk Factors

Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo RegencyPurposeThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the program of prevention and control of malaria risk factors in Kulon Progo District in 2016 based on system approach.MethodThis research was evaluation program used mixed methods (sequential explanatory design). Data collected from 7 public health center of active focus malaria and district health office. Respondents were program managers and head of public health center, district program managers, head of control and eradication of communicable diseases, and head of district health offices. The instruments used structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. Quantitative data analysis was descriptive and qualitative data used Miles and Huberman model.Results Most of the availability of human resources, funds, facilities, materials, and methods already meet implementation needs except entomologists, allocation of funds activities other than IRS, time of the implementation of larval fish deployment. Most of the processes that started from the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation have gone well except for planning other than IRS, preparation vector control without entomology database, implementation of environmental management, larviciding, and larval fish deployment. Coverage of LLINs, coverage of IRS, control of LLINs efficacy, and test of vector resistance have met the target, except coverage of larviciding and larval fish deployment was not available.ConclusionPrevention and control program of malaria risk factors has implemented but wasn’t based on entomological data. District health offices should recruit entomologist to support vector control activities.

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