Effect of smoking on alveolar bone resorption

Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases in adults. Although the cause of periodontal disease is bacterial infection from the dental plaque, the level of destruction of periodontal tissues depends on risk factors, and smoking is one of the most important ones. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the level of alveolar bone resorption in smokers. Materials and Methods: Radiographic examination of all present teeth was conducted in 30 smokers (12 men and 18 women) and 30 non-smokers (13 men and 17 women, control group), 20-60 years of age. Data on smoking habits, smoking period and the number of cigarettes a day were obtained using a questionnaire. The level of alveolar bone resorption was determined on retroalveolar X-rays, by measuring the distance from the amelo-cemental junction to the bone level on mesial and distal sides of each present tooth. Results: In smokers, significantly higher (p=0.00002) values of alveolar bone resorption (3.16 ? 2.07 mm) were found compared to the control group (1.72 ? 1.02 mm). In people who had been smoking for more than 15 years, significantly greater bone resorption was observed compared to those smoking for 15 years or less (p=0.00028). The interceptive relationship showed that smokers were at 2.98x greater risk (95% CI 1.04- 8.52) for the mean value of alveolar bone resorption of > 2 mm compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: The present results have shown that smoking increases alveolar bone resorption and that the period of smoking affects the level of resorption.

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Particulate bioglass in the regeneration of alveolar bone in dogs: clinical, surgical and radiographic evaluations

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2011000200003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Alexandre Couto Tsiomis ◽

Andréa Pacheco Batista Borges ◽

Ana Paula Falci Daibert ◽

Tatiana Schmitz Duarte ◽

Emily Correna Carlo Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Bone Substitute ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Treated Group ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Control Group ◽

X Rays ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Radiological Analysis

Bone loss, either by trauma or other diseases, generates an increasing need for substitutes of this tissue. This study evaluated Bioglass as a bone substitute in the regeneration of the alveolar bone in mandibles of dogs by clinical, surgical and radiological analysis. Twenty-eight adult dogs were randomly separated into two equal groups. In each animal, a bone defect was created on the vestibular surface of the alveolar bone between the roots of the fourth right premolar tooth. In the treated group, the defect was immediately filled with bioglass, while in the control, it remained unfilled. Clinical evaluations were performed daily for a week, as well as x-rays immediately after surgery and at 8, 14, 21, 42, 60, 90 and 120 days post-operative. Most animals in both groups showed no signs of inflammation and wound healing was similar. Radiographic examination revealed a gradual increase of radiopacity in the region of the defect in the control group. In the treated group, initial radiopacity was higher than that of adjacent bone, decreasing until 21 days after surgery. Then it gradually increased until 120 days after surgery, when the defect became undetectable. The results showed that Bioglass integrates into bone tissue, is biocompatible and reduced the period for complete bone regeneration.

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Outcome of periodontal–orthodontic treatment in subjects with periodontal disease. Part II: a CBCT study of alveolar bone level changes

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 565-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eglė Zasčiurinskienė ◽

Henrik Lund ◽

Rune Lindsten ◽

Henrik Jansson ◽

Krister Bjerklin

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Test Group ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bone Level ◽

Maxillary Incisors

Abstract Aim To examine alveolar bone level (ABL) changes before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment (OT) in subjects with periodontal disease. Methods The study included 50 subjects with periodontal disease. All patients received subgingival debridement following baseline examination. Control group patients received final periodontal treatment before the start of OT. For the test group patients final periodontal treatment was performed simultaneous to OT. OT was performed with a straight-wire appliance. Micro-implants or temporary crowns on implants were used for posterior anchorage when needed. ABL measurements of 3821 tooth surfaces were performed on cone beam computed tomography images. Results No difference was observed between mean ABL at T1 and T2. ABL remained unchanged on 69 per cent of surfaces. A mean of 15.6 (SD 7.4) per cent of surfaces experienced ABL gain, and a mean of 15.1 (SD 7.5) per cent was found with ABL loss. Small significant median ABL difference was observed on mesial and distal surfaces (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found between median ABL changes on mesial/distal in comparison to buccal/lingual surfaces (P < 0.01). Significantly more buccal (17.9 %) and lingual (18.5 %) surfaces experienced ABL loss when compared with mesial (11.3 %) and distal (12.0 %) surfaces (P < 0.001). Significant difference was found in the median ABL change of intruded (0.5 (IQR 0.94) mm) and non-intruded (−0.4 (IQR 1.07) mm) maxillary incisors (P = 0.04). Significant median ABL gain was found on the lingual surface of maxillary incisors, which were retroclined more than 8.6 degree and intruded more than 1.6 mm. Conclusions ABL changes after periodontal–orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease were small. ABL gain was more observed on mesial and distal surfaces and ABL loss on buccal and lingual surfaces. Larger orthodontic movements of maxillary incisors influenced ABL gain.

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Treatment of periodontal disease with guided tissue regeneration technique using a hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone membrane

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8322 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1413-1421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.M.A. Martins ◽

F.L. Valente ◽

E.C.C. Reis ◽

R.V. Sepúlveda ◽

A.P.L. Perdigão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Treated Group ◽

Purulent Discharge ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Attachment Level

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a malleable membrane composed of hydroxyapatite (60%) and polycaprolactone (40%) as treatment of periodontal disease experimentally induced in dogs. A bone defect of standardized dimensions was created between the roots of the third and fourth premolar of 12 dogs for periodontal disease induction. Six dogs had the defect covered by the membrane and six dogs received only standard treatment for periodontal disease, also applied to dogs in the treated group. The animals were clinically monitored during the experiment. Radiographs were taken after surgery and at 60 days after treatment initiation. Clinical attachment level was also assessed in those moments. On the 60th day, dental sample of all animals, containing tooth, defect and periodontal tissues, were harvested, fixed in formalin and analyzed by microtomography and histology. During the experimental period, the animals showed no pain and purulent discharge, however, there was dehiscence in 50% of animals and membrane exposure in five out of six animals in the treated group. Clinical attachment level showed no difference between groups. Radiographs showed radiopacity equal to the alveolar bone in both groups. The microtomography revealed that the control group had higher bone volume in the defect compared to the treated group; however, the furcation was not filled by new alveolar bone in any animal. Histological analysis revealed that junctional epithelium invasion was lighter in the control group. New bone was only observed in the apical edge of the defect in both groups. Although the composite is biocompatible and able to keep the space of the defect, it did not promote periodontal tissue regeneration within 60 days of observation.

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In-VivoEffect of Andrographolide on Alveolar Bone Resorption Induced byPorphyromonas gingivalisand Its Relation with Antioxidant Enzymes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/276329 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rami Al Batran ◽

Fouad H. Al-Bayaty ◽

Mazen M. Jamil Al-Obaidi

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Bone Level ◽

Left And Right

Alveolar bone resorption is one of the most important facts in denture construction.Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) causes alveolar bone resorption, and morphologic measurements are the most frequent methods to identify bone resorption in periodontal studies. This study has aimed at evaluating the effect of Andrographolide (AND) on alveolar bone resorption in rats induced byPg. 24 healthy maleSprague Dawleyrats were divided into four groups as follows: normal control group and three experimental groups challenged orally withPgATCC 33277 five times a week supplemented with 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of AND for twelve weeks. Alveolar bones of the left and right sides of the mandible were assessed by a morphometric method. The bone level, that is, the distance from the alveolar bone crest to cementumenamel junction (CEJ), was measured using 6.1 : 1 zoom stereomicroscope and software. AND reduced the effect ofPgon alveolar bone resorption and decreased the serum levels of Hexanoyl-Lysine (HEL); furthermore the reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in AND treated groups (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly increased when compared with thePggroup(P<0.05). We can conclude that AND suppresses alveolar bone resorption caused byPgin rats.

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Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Periodontal Disease in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01046-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 4244-4251 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira ◽

Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior ◽

Graciela Mitre Costa ◽

Silvia Maria Cordeiro Werneck ◽

Daniel Cisalpino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Content Type ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Oral Inoculation ◽

Paf Receptor

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory and alveolar bone destructive disease triggered by oral biofilm-producing microorganisms, such asAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal tissues are significantly increased during inflammatory conditions, such as PD, but the exact mechanism that links PAF to alveolar bone resorption is not well understood. In the current study, alveolar bone resorption was induced by experimental PD through the oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin wild-type (WT) and PAF receptor knockout (Pafr−/−) mice.In vitroexperiments usingA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with a PAF receptor antagonist (UK74505) were also performed. The expression of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase in periodontal tissues was significantly increased 3 h afterA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS injection in mice. WT andPafr−/−mice that were subjected to oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitanspresented neutrophil accumulation and increased levels of CXCL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in periodontal tissues. However,Pafr−/−mice presented less alveolar bone loss than WT mice. Thein vitroblockade of the PAF receptor impaired the resorptive activity ofA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS-activated osteoclasts. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the blockade of PAF receptor may contribute to the progression of PD triggered byA. actinomycetemcomitansby directly affecting the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts.

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Evaluation of the periodontal status of a patient diagnosed with Sheehan syndrome: A case report

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 308-311

Author(s):

Seval Ceylan Şen ◽

Nuriye Işıl Saygun ◽

Arzu Or Koca ◽

Erkan Özcan

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Sheehan Syndrome

Aim: Some immunological changes occurring in mothers during pregnancy increase their susceptibility to infections, including periodontal infections. Sheehan syndrome (SS) is a disease that occurs because of severe postpartum hemorrhage causing ischemic pituitary necrosis. The presence of multiple hormonal deficiencies leads to the impairment of bone microarchitecture, which can cause osteopenia and even osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and periodontitis are both chronic diseases characterized by bone loss. Moreover, recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between menopause, osteoporosis, alveolar bone resorption, and tooth loss. This case report aims to evaluate the oral and periodontal status of a patient with SS and to raise awareness about dental and periodontal problems that may occur in such patients. Methodology: A 63-year-old female patient diagnosed with SS in the endocrinology clinic was referred to the periodontology clinic with complaints of multiple tooth loss, mobility in her teeth, and gingival bleeding. In the clinical and radiographic examination of the patient, it was determined that all teeth had horizontal bone resorption; moreover, there was mobility in the mandibular anterior teeth and hemorrhage in the gums. When the patient’s laboratory results were examined, it was seen that the basal plasma levels of free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, and total testosterone values were significantly lower, and the anterior pituitary elevation was significantly decreased in pituitary magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Conclusion: The periodontium is the target tissue of sex and other hormones. Hormonal changes may affect the inflammatory–immune tissue responses of periodontal tissues. Many studies have shown that thyroid and sex hormones affect oral and especially periodontal tissues. The degradation of hormonal hemostasis may induce a series of pathological events in the oral environment, resulting in inflammatory changes in gingival tissues, periodontal attachment losses, and destruction of the alveolar bone. Systemic diseases that affect hormonal conditions, such as SS, must be considered in the evaluation of oral health. Medical physicians should refer their patients to the dentist for consultation when evaluating patients’ hormonal status and planning their treatment. How to cite this article: Şen SC, Saygun NI, Or Koca A, Özcan E. Evaluation of the periodontal status of a patient diagnosed with Sheehan syndrome: A case report. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):308-11. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.46 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Computed Tomography-Based Patient-Specific Instrumentation Loses Accuracy with Significant Varus Preoperative Misalignment

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716381 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vicente Jesús León-Muñoz ◽

Mirian López-López ◽

Alonso José Lisón-Almagro ◽

Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽

Fernando Santonja-Medina

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Deformity Correction ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Control Group ◽

X Rays ◽

Varus Alignment ◽

Patient Specific Instrumentation ◽

Conventional Instrumentation ◽

The Mean ◽

Valgus Alignment

AbstractPatient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has been introduced to simplify and make total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery more precise, effective, and efficient. We performed this study to determine whether the postoperative coronal alignment is related to preoperative deformity when computed tomography (CT)-based PSI is used for TKA surgery, and how the PSI approach compares with deformity correction obtained with conventional instrumentation. We analyzed pre-and post-operative full length standing hip-knee-ankle (HKA) X-rays of the lower limb in both groups using a convention > 180 degrees for valgus alignment and < 180 degrees for varus alignment. For the PSI group, the mean (± SD) pre-operative HKA angle was 172.09 degrees varus (± 6.69 degrees) with a maximum varus alignment of 21.5 degrees (HKA 158.5) and a maximum valgus alignment of 14.0 degrees. The mean post-operative HKA was 179.43 degrees varus (± 2.32 degrees) with a maximum varus alignment of seven degrees and a maximum valgus alignment of six degrees. There has been a weak correlation among the values of the pre- and postoperative HKA angle. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of postoperative alignment outside the range of 180 ± 3 degrees was significantly higher with a preoperative varus misalignment of 15 degrees or more (aOR: 4.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.35–12.96; p = 0.013). In the control group (conventional instrumentation), this loss of accuracy occurs with preoperative misalignment of 10 degrees. Preoperative misalignment below 15 degrees appears to present minimal influence on postoperative alignment when a CT-based PSI system is used. The CT-based PSI tends to lose accuracy with preoperative varus misalignment over 15 degrees.

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediates bone resorption in periodontitis

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01658-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Yu ◽

Tianyi Zhang ◽

Haibin Lu ◽

Qi Ma ◽

Dong Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽

Trap Staining ◽

Experimental Periodontitis ◽

Stimulating Factor

Abstract Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an important immune factor that mediates bone metabolism by regulating the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone loss is a serious and progressive result of periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of G-CSF on periodontal inflammation have yet not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined whether an anti-G-CSF antibody could inhibit bone resorption in a model of experimental periodontitis and investigated the local expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice using ligatures. The levels of G-CSF in serum and bone marrow were measured; immunofluorescence was then performed to analyze the localization and expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Mice with periodontitis were administered anti-G-CSF antibody by tail vein injection to assess the inhibition of bone resorption. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to measure bone destruction‐related parameters via micro-computed tomography analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the presence of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe osteoclast activity in alveolar bone. Results The level of G-CSF in serum was significantly elevated in mice with periodontitis. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that G-CSF was mostly expressed in the cell membrane of gingival epithelial cells; this expression was enhanced in the periodontitis group. Additionally, systemic administration of anti-G-CSF antibody significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption, as evidenced by improvements in bone volume/total volume, bone surface area/bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, and trabecular pattern factor values. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an enhanced number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts, while TRAP staining revealed reduction of osteoclast activity. Conclusions G-CSF expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the serum and gingival epithelial cells. Together, anti-G-CSF antibody administration could alleviates alveolar bone resorption, suggesting that G-CSF may be one of the essential immune factors that mediate the bone loss in periodontitis.

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Assessment of the Tissue Response to Modification of the Surface of Dental Implants with Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor Immobilization (Fgf-2): An Experimental Study on Minipigs

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10050358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Javier Aragoneses ◽

Ana Suárez ◽

Nansi López-Valverde ◽

Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽

Juan Manuel Aragoneses

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Test Group ◽

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Contact ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface treatment with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and fibroblast growth factor 2 on the bone–implant interface during the osseointegration period in vivo using an animal model. The present research was carried out in six minipigs, in whose left tibia implants were inserted as follows: eight implants with a standard surface treatment, for the control group, and eight implants with a surface treatment of carboxyethylphosphonic acid and immobilization of FGF-2, for the test group. At 4 weeks after the insertion of the implants, the animals were sacrificed for the histomorphometric analysis of the samples. The means of the results for the implant–bone contact variable (BIC) were 46.39 ± 17.49% for the test group and 34.00 ± 9.92% for the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. For the corrected implant–bone contact variable (BICc), the mean value of the test group was 60.48 ± 18.11%, and that for the control group, 43.08 ± 10.77%; the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). The new bone formation (BV/TV) showed average results of 27.28 ± 3.88% for the test group and 26.63 ± 7.90% for the control group, meaning that the differences were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.839). Regarding the bone density at the interthread level (BAI/TA), the mean value of the test group was 32.27 ± 6.70%, and that of the control group was 32.91 ± 7.76%, with a p-value of 0.863, while for the peri-implant density (BAP/TA), the mean value of the test group was 44.96 ± 7.55%, and that for the control group was 44.80 ± 8.68%, without a significant difference between the groups. The current research only found a significant difference for the bone–implant contact at the cortical level; therefore, it could be considered that FGF-2 acts on the mineralization of bone tissue. The application of carboxyethylphosphonic acid on the surface of implants can be considered a promising alternative as a biomimetic coating for the immobilization of FGF-2. Despite no differences in the new bone formation around the implants or in the interthread or peri-implant bone density being detected, the biofunctionalization of the implant surface with FGF-2 accelerates the mineralization of the bone–implant interface at the cortical level, thereby reducing the osseointegration period.

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Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100148297 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 1213-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Harbans Lal ◽

O. P. Sachdeva ◽

H. R. Mehta

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Body ◽

Antigenic Stimulation ◽

Chronic Tonsillitis ◽

Serum Immunoglobulin ◽

Control Group ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune System ◽

The Mean

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post-operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body.

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