scholarly journals A nanoindentation study of magnetron co-sputtered nanocrystalline ternary nitride coatings

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y. Yeung ◽  
S.N. Dub ◽  
R. Wuhrer ◽  
Yu.V. Milman
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Deposition Pressure ◽  
Plasticity Characteristic ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Ternary Nitride ◽  
Plasticity Parameter ◽  
Grain Diameter

Nanoindentation testing was used to determine the hardness, elastic modulus and plasticity parameter of three newly developed ternary nitride coatings with nano-sized grains. With decreasing nitrogen deposition pressure, grain diameter of the coatings decreases that leads to both higher nanohardness and elastic modulus with conservation of satisfactory values of plasticity characteristic.

Modelling of Nitrogen Deposition Pressure Effect on Grain Size Development and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Ternary Nitride Coatings

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1177-1182
Author(s):  
Richard Wuhrer ◽  
Wing Yiu Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Deposition Pressure ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Ternary Nitride

Development of complex ternary nitride coatings has attracted significant industrial interest in recent years. In deposition of complex ternary nitride coatings, the nitrogen deposition pressure plays an important role in structural evolution of the coatings leading to development of different mechanical properties. This paper summaries some successful analyses by the authors on the relationships amongst the deposition rate, grain size and hardness of the coatings against the nitrogen deposition pressure. It has been established that as the nitrogen pressure decreases, the deposition rate of the coatings increases and the grain size decreases. Hardness of the coatings increases due to the development of a refined and densified coating structure. Taking into account of the reaction kinetics at the targets, the interactions of the sputtered atoms occurred in their transfer to the substrate, the reaction kinetics at the substrate, the target material characteristics and the geometric arrangement of the sputter magnetron configuration, modelling to the relationships of deposition rate with nitrogen deposition pressure, grain size with deposition rate and hardness with grain size have been successfully established in this study. A limiting grain size of the coatings has also been identified in the grain refinement process.

On Production of Nanocrystalline Ternary Nitride Coatings via Magnetron Sputtering

2003 ◽  
Vol 426-432 ◽  
pp. 2473-2478
Author(s):  
Richard Wuhrer ◽  
G. McCredie ◽  
Wing Yiu Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Ternary Nitride

High Temperature Nanoindentation Testing of Amorphous SiC and B4C Thin Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Radim Čtvrtlík ◽  
Jan Tomastik ◽  
Petr Schovánek
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Amorphous Sic ◽  
Sic Film

Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) and boron carbide (a-B4C) thin films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering of SiC and B4C target, respectively. Nanoindentation tests performed up to 450 °C in air were performed to explore and compare their hardness and elastic modulus.Hardness of a-B4C film decreases at smaller rate in comparison to a-SiC film up to 450 °C. Similarly, elastic modulus value of B4C is more stable with temperature than that of a-SiC.

scholarly journals Effects of mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials on the initial force of thermoplastic appliances

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohisa Kohda ◽  
Masahiro Iijima ◽  
Takeshi Muguruma ◽  
William A. Brantley ◽  
Karamdeep S. Ahluwalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Material Thickness ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Initial Force ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the forces delivered by thermoplastic appliances made from three materials and investigate effects of mechanical properties, material thickness, and amount of activation on orthodontic forces. Materials and Methods: Three thermoplastic materials, Duran (Scheu Dental), Erkodur (Erkodent Erich Kopp GmbH), and Hardcast (Scheu Dental), with two different thicknesses were selected. Values of elastic modulus and hardness were obtained from nanoindentation measurements at 28°C. A custom-fabricated system with a force sensor was employed to obtain measurements of in vitro force delivered by the thermoplastic appliances for 0.5-mm and 1.0-mm activation for bodily tooth movement. Experimental results were subjected to several statistical analyses. Results: Hardcast had significantly lower elastic modulus and hardness than Duran and Erkodur, whose properties were not significantly different. Appliances fabricated from thicker material (0.75 mm or 0.8 mm) always produced significantly greater force than those fabricated from thinner material (0.4 mm or 0.5 mm). Appliances with 1.0-mm activation produced significantly lower force than those with 0.5-mm activation, except for 0.4-mm thick Hardcast appliances. A strong correlation was found between mechanical properties of the thermoplastic materials and force produced by the appliances. Conclusions: Orthodontic forces delivered by thermoplastic appliances depend on the material, thickness, and amount of activation. Mechanical properties of the polymers obtained by nanoindentation testing are predictive of force delivery by these appliances.

Structural Refinement in High Temperature Annealing of Magnetron Sputtered Titanium Vanadium Nitride Coatings

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Wing Yiu Yeung ◽  
Richard Wuhrer ◽  
Darren Attard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Nanostructured Titanium ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Ternary Nitride ◽  
Aisi H13 Tool Steel ◽  
Titanium Vanadium

Development of advanced ternary nitride coatings such as titanium aluminium nitride and titanium vanadium nitride has attracted significant industrial interest in recent years. Titanium vanadium nitride is considered one of the advanced ternary nitride coatings of great commercial potential. It is believed with the additional element, the oxidation resistance of the coatings can be greatly improved at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the type of elements selected can produce unique coating properties that can be beneficial to machining of different materials. This paper is to report a study on the structural stability of nanostructured titanium vanadium nitride coatings in high temperature annealing. Nanostructured titanium vanadium nitride coatings were produced by reactive magnetron co-sputtering on AISI H13 tool steel substrates at 240oC. Heat treatment was applied to the coatings at temperatures up to 1000oC. It was found that an unexpected grain refinement of the coatings occurred in the heat treatment process. Grain size of the coatings was found to decrease from ~200-300 nm to ~150 nm after the heat treatments. A strong TiN/TiVN (200) component was found to exist at temperatures up to 700oC but was depleted at higher annealing temperatures. With a finer and densified grain structure, the hardness of the coatings substantially increased from ~800 HV to ~1700 HV.

HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULUS OF TITANIUM NITRIDE COATINGS PREPARED BY PIRAC METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850040 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIYUAN WU ◽  
SHOUJUN WU ◽  
GUOYUN ZHANG ◽  
WEIGUO ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Pvd Coating ◽  
Nitride Coatings

In the present work, hardness and elastic modulus of a titanium nitride coatings prepared on Ti6Al4V by powder immersion reaction-assisted coating (PIRAC) are tested and comparatively studied with a physical vapor deposition (PVD) TiN coating. Surface hardness of the PIRAC coatings is about 11[Formula: see text]GPa, much lower than that of PVD coating of 22[Formula: see text]GPa. The hardness distribution profile from surface to substrate of the PVD coatings is steeply decreased from [Formula: see text]22[Formula: see text]GPa to [Formula: see text]4.5[Formula: see text]GPa of the Ti6Al4V substrate. The PIRAC coatings show a gradually decreasing hardness distribution profile. Elastic modulus of the PVD coating is about 426[Formula: see text]GPa. The PIRAC coatings show adjustable elastic modulus. Elastic modulus of the PIRAC coatings prepared at 750[Formula: see text]C for 24[Formula: see text]h and that at 800[Formula: see text]C for 8[Formula: see text]h is about 234 and 293[Formula: see text]GPa, respectively.

The Effect of Chromium, Titanium and Aluminum on the Friction Coefficient and Wear Property in the Nitride Coatings

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Liang Han ◽  
Liang He ◽  
De Lian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Ternary Nitride

A serious of nitride coatings including chromium, titanium and aluminum are deposited on the glass and stainless steel by Closed-Field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The friction coefficient is measured by tribolometer and the wear traces of the coatings can be studied by the optical micrographs, those indicate that the friction coefficients of TiN、 CrN、TiAlN、CrAlN and CrTiAlN decrease sequentially as well as the anti-wear of the coatings can be enhanced. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis for the coatings, aluminum nitride can be indentified in the nitride coatings with Al element, which enhances the hardness and anti-wear performance of the coatings. The chrome oxide can be found in the nitride coatings with Cr element, which enhances the self-chip removal ability of the coatings and decreases the friction coefficients of the coatings; titanium oxide existing in the coatings is not good for the friction and anti-wear of the coatings. Chromium titanium aluminum nitride naturally is of higher hardness than the ternary nitride, as well as Chromium and aluminum in the coatings is in favor for the low friction coefficient and good anti-wear property.

Nanoindentation in materials research: Past, present, and future

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C. Oliver ◽  
George M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
History Of

The method we introduced in 1992 for measuring hardness and elastic modulus by nanoindentation testing has been widely adopted and used in the characterization of mechanical behavior at small scales. Since its original development, the method has undergone numerous refinements and changes brought about by improvements to testing equipment and techniques, as well as advances in our understanding of the mechanics of elastic-plastic contact. In this article, we briefly review the history of the method, comment on its capabilities and limitations, and discuss some of the emerging areas in materials research where it has played, or promises to play, an important role.

Development and tribo-mechanical properties of functional ternary nitride coatings: Applications-based comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghufran ◽  
Ghulam Moeen Uddin ◽  
Syed Muhammad Arafat ◽  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Abdul Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Nitride Coatings ◽  
Ternary Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Studies

Friction and wear are very crucial aspects of the performance, service life, and the operational costs for a mechanical component or equipment. To reduce the friction and wear at the interface of the sliding or mating parts, different conventional binary coatings like TiN, CrN, TiC, etc., have been used in the last two decades. But ternary nitride coatings have replaced the binary coatings due to better tribo-mechanical properties. Now, ternary nitride coatings are being extensively used in several fields such as cutting tools, machinery parts, orthopedic implants, microelectronics, marine equipment, decorative purposes, automotive, aerospace industry, etc. Many researchers have developed and investigated the ternary nitride coatings for different applications. Nonetheless, there is a huge research potential in the development and optimization of the tribo-mechanical properties of the ternary nitride coatings. Therefore, tribo-mechanical studies of the ternary nitride coatings are needed for fostering the new industrial applications. This paper is focused to summarize and compare the tribo-mechanical properties of the ternary nitride coatings comprehensively and aims to explore the novel research directions in the development of the ternary nitride coatings.

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