scholarly journals The extractive industries and ’shared, inclusive and sustainable development’ in South Africa

Spatium ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Oranje
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Mining Areas

In the 140-odd years after the first diamond was found in South Africa in 1866, mining catapulted the country from a predominantly agrarian society into a modern industrial nation. For the biggest part of this period, mining drove and human development followed. This ?order of importance? was largely the result of the huge wealth and influence of the mining houses, the (perceived) importance of the sector for the development of the country, and the broader skewed power dynamics of colonial and apartheid rule. Over the last decade, national government enacted new legislation by which it attempted to ensure that mining is made more serviceable to the post-1994 objectives of (1) broad-based societal reconstruction; (2) shared and inclusive growth; and (3) regional and rural development. A key component of this new legislation has been a provision to ensure that mining companies make tangible contributions to regional and rural development and human settlement in ?mining areas?. Recent events, such as widespread strikes, the tragic loss of many lives, and continuing harsh living conditions, have raised, what has been a nagging question since the introduction of the new legislation, i.e.: Has the new legal framework (really) assisted in (1) ensuring that communities in mining areas enjoy a greater of the wealth created by the industry; (2) enhancing regional and rural development in mining areas; and (3) establishing a more symbiotic relationship between mining, regional and rural development planning and human development? In this paper, research in a mining area during the course of 2011 and 2012 is used to explore this question. Use is made of documented evidence and interviews with key role-players in the mining industry, municipal and provincial government, the private sector, traditional leadership structures and communities.

Challenges Facing Women in the Mining Area of Bojanala District of South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Gaontebale Audrey Mafora ◽  
Ravinder Rena
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
The Government

This chapter examined the Marikana Massacre and its effects on women of the deceased and those who sustained injuries. It also covers the challenges of the women in the Bojanala District of South Africa. The chapter also addresses the disparities and inequalities experienced by women in the mining industry. Forty women participants were part of the study. The data was gathered through questionnaires, oral interviews, and observations. The analysis revealed that more women were affected by the massacre and has deepened their level of poverty. The government provided interventions, but the findings revealed that the incident has left participants with scars, loss of income, and dissatisfaction. The chapter recommended some possible measures to improve the situation of women because of the Marikana Massacre and poverty in the area.

scholarly journals Arsenic and Heavy Metal Accumulation and Risk Assessment in Soils around Mining Areas: The Urad Houqi Area in Arid Northwest China as an Example

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Song ◽  
Yuanjie Li ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Maoyong Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

Mining activities make important contributions to economic growth, but they can also produce massive amounts of solid waste, such as tailings and metal accumulations. Taking the Urad Houqi mining area in Inner Mongolia as the study area, this study systematically assessed the contamination risk of arsenic and heavy metals in the soils of the study area and explored the contamination characteristics in a key polymetallic mining area. For the whole study area, based on the Nemerow comprehensive pollution method, almost half of the investigated sites were contaminated, and the most contaminated site was Urad Houqi Qianzhen Mineral Concentration Co., Ltd. (Bayannaoer, China), a cooperation between the lead and zinc mining industry. The assessment results indicated that Cd and As were the elements of greatest concern, followed by Pb, Cr and Hg. Particularly, for the typical Dongshengmiao mining area, when compared with the GB15618-1995 standard values, As, Zn and Cd posed the most serious contamination threat, while Cr and Ni exhibited clean conditions. In addition, the vertical distribution maps demonstrated that the contents of arsenic and metals in some soil profiles were correlated with sampling depth. Therefore, arsenic and heavy metals pose high threat to soil ecosystems in this area, there is encouragement for some control and remediation measures to be taken into effect.

scholarly journals Tradisionele leiers: erkenning en die pad vorentoe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
W Du Plessis ◽  
T Scheepers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Traditional Leadership ◽  
Role Players ◽  
Traditional Authorities

There has for many years been legal recognition of Traditional Leaders in South African laws, such as the Black Administration Act 38 of 1927 and regulations and proclamations issued in terms of other legislation. Recently legal recognition was confirmed in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. Additional recognition of Traditional Leaders and the institution of Traditional Leadership is found in the various provincial legislation providing for Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders and the establishment and functioning of the National Council of Traditional Leaders. Yet the institution of Traditional Leadership has over the past few years given rise to much controversy. There are those who argue that the institution is outdated and others who regard Traditional Leaders as custodians of customary values and the only leaders who are truly responsible for the well being of communities historically and religiously entrusted to them. Traditional leaders fulfil a variety of functions in rural society, including that of presiding officer in customary courts, mediator of disputes, advisor in agricultural and family matters, guardian of young, old, infirm and abandoned. They perform legislative, executive and judicial functions according to the wish of the majority of the members of the tribe. It became apparent, that de facto Traditional Authorities are the only existing form of local government in rural areas in South Africa. It seems unlikely that, in the foreseeable future, it will be financially, politically or practically possible to replace this form of rural government with a comprehensive and sustainable alternative. The future role of Traditional Leadership in the development process is significant in that in addition to the recognition afforded by the Constitution and other legislation, the development law, unfolding in modern day South Africa under a newdevelopment paradigm, distinctly provides for Traditional Leaders to play a significant role in rural development and development planning at local government level in rural areas. The role and function of the Traditional Leaders of South Africa in the rural development process unfolds as the Integrated planning process comes into operation as envisaged in section 10 of the Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993 read with the .principles contained in the Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995. The development principles and the regulations prescribing the process of formulating land development objectives, provides for an inclusive process in which all role players and stakeholders are to be involved. In practice this means that communities, community organizations and institutions, as concerned role players in civil society, are also the concerned and key role players in the development planning and development process at local level. No plan and development strategy will therefore meet the prescribed legal requirements of acceptable development planning standards, if the rural communities and their leaders are not directly and actively involved. Much of the confusion and conflict between Traditional Leadership and Customary Law Councilors on the one hand and elected Local Government Councilors on the other, arose as a result of a misunderstanding of the valuable support role which Traditional Leaders can play in the development process. The difference in the nature and scope of the tasks of elected and traditional community leaders provide a rich multi-facet basis on which a successful local governance system can be developed within the context of the current constitutional-legal framework in South Africa. In many other countries in Africa it was only realized after repeated failures of rural development experiments, that Traditional Leaders and Traditional Authorities constitute a most valuable asset in the rural development process. 

scholarly journals Between Tourism and Ecology : Review of Political Policy Commitments on Ecotourism Development in Bangka Belitung

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽  
Nizwan Zukhri ◽  
Rendy Rendy
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Tourism and ecology are two important issues in regional development planning in Bangka Belitung. As an archipelago that has a productive tin mining area, environmental damage is an important issue. Not only because of the impact of damages due to mining, but the dimensions of tourism which are important sectors in this area are also affected. In recent years, local governments in the Bangka Belitung region are focusing on working on the issue of tourism by relying on the ecotourism sector as an important alternative to post-mining. This study explores how political policies are arranged in regional planning documents. The research method used was descriptive qualitative by examining the regional medium-term development planning documents in 6 districts, 1 city, and 1 provincial government in Bangka Belitung. This study found 4 things. First, that none of the regional governments listed the vision of tourism and only 1 region that included an ecological vision. Secondly, the study found that there was only one government that made the issue of tourism in the development mission and only 3 regions mentioned the ecological mission, the rest only mentioned implicitly. Third, each region places tourism and ecological issues as two different programs, not considered an issue that must be managed synergistically. Fourth, almost all regional planning documents mention tourism and ecology as regional strategic issues, but they are not balanced with a strong vision, mission, and work program as a translation. Fifth, only 4 out of 8 regions have made the issue of developing ecotourism a regional strategic issue even though it has not been followed by a strong design development in development planning. In the end, this study concluded that tourism and ecology had not been placed optimally in planning documents politically.

Capaian pembangunan manusia: analisis komparatif Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriwati Adriwati
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Paradigm

Human development is a development paradigm that puts human (population) as the focus and final target of all development activities, namely the achievement of control over resources (income to achieve decent living), improvement of health status (long life and healthy life) and improve education. To see the success rate of human development, UNDP publishes an indicator of Human Development Index (HDI). This study discusses the achievements of human development that have been pursued by the government. The problem analyzed in this research is the difference of human development achievement in some provincial government in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the achievements of human development in some provincial governments seen from the achievement of human development index of each province. Research location in Banten Province, West Java and DKI Jakarta.Keywords:Human Development Index, Human Development Achievement

Assessing the Appraisal, Disposal and Transfer of Records from 1994 to 2014: The Case of Mpumalanga Provincial Government in South Africa

Mousaion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkholedzeni Sidney Netshakhuma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Specific Objective

This study was conceptualised in order to assess the appraisal, disposal and transfer of archival records from the Mpumalanga Provincial Government (MPG) to the Mpumalanga Provincial Archives (MPA) for the period from 1994 to 2013. The study’s specific objective was to investigate the transfer process of archival records in terms of the Mpumalanga Archives Act, No. 14 of 1998. The study used a qualitative method through document analysis, interviews and observation. The sample for the study comprised the MPG and municipality records managers. The Mpumalanga provincial archivists were also interviewed as the custodians of the MPA. The key findings revealed that the MPG and the municipality did not comply with the Mpumalanga Archives Act, No. 14 of 1998 in terms of transferring records with archival value to the MPA as stipulated by the act. This has adverse implications for efficient administration of records in the country.  

Adverse Events Reporting System as Experienced by Critical-Care Nurses in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusile Mabel Gqaleni ◽  
Busisiwe Rosemary Bhengu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Life Threatening

Critically ill patients admitted to critical-care units (CCUs) might have life-threatening or potentially life-threatening problems. Adverse events (AEs) occur frequently in CCUs, resulting in compromised quality of patient care. This study explores the experiences of critical-care nurses (CCNs) in relation to how the reported AEs were analysed and handled in CCUs. The study was conducted in the CCUs of five purposively selected hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A descriptive qualitative design was used to obtain data through in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of five unit managers working in the CCUs to provide a deeper meaning of their experiences. This study was a part of a bigger study using a mixed-methods approach. The recorded qualitative data were analysed using Tesch’s content analysis. The main categories of information that emerged during the data analysis were (i) the existence of an AE reporting system, (ii) the occurrence of AEs, (iii) the promotion of and barriers to AE reporting, and (iv) the handling of AEs. The findings demonstrated that there were major gaps that affected the maximum utilisation of the reporting system. In addition, even though the system existed in other institutions, it was not utilised at all, hence affecting quality patient care. The following are recommended: (1) a non-punitive and non-confrontational system should be promoted, and (2) an organisational culture should be encouraged where support structures are formed within institutions, which consist of a legal framework, patient and family involvement, effective AE feedback, and education and training of staff.

Problematics Juridis Facilitation In Regional Development Planning Process (Study of Kendal Regency Research and Development Planning Agency)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzuddin Latif ◽  
Widayati Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Process Study ◽  
Planning Agency ◽  
District Government

Facilitation of Development Planning is very urgent and vital as an instrument to increase effectiveness in building synergy in terms of regional development in accordance with the mandate of the law on national development planning, namely in accordance with Permendagri Number 86 of 2017. Kendal Regency Facilitation Process by the Central Java provincial government those that have been implemented well will produce legal products that are able to explain the central government's development programs and there will not be problems in the future. The problems of Regional Development Planning, which have been carried out by the Central Java provincial government, are still much sought to be in accordance with the conditions and needs and well implemented in accordance with the laws and regulations, the need for a better solution to avoid future problems ; Time problems that are less effective, and so that scheduling is done in great detail and in a short amount of time, to improve the performance and effectiveness of facilitation. Regarding the issuance of the Minutes is not quite right than the issuance of the Governor's Decree, the Javanese provincial government should be publishing the provisions of the results of facilitation that have been carried out.The Kendal Regency Government also seeks to ask the provincial government to establish a governor's decree so that it can form the basis of the legal umbrella of regional development planning, which is in accordance with the substance of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 86 of 2017, relating to the Regional Development planning process in Kendal District, which was previously in 2016 has been amended by the new regulation by referring to Permendagri regulation No. 86 of 2017, Kendal District Government seeks to ask the Governor of Central Java as the provincial government to provide facilitation that is in accordance with Kendal Regency characteristics, with reference to the effectiveness of the time given so that the bureaucracy that is built can be effective and efficient.Keywords: Facilitation, Juridical, Regional Development Planning

scholarly journals Multifunctional Activities of Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Bacteria Isolated from Mining Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Chen ◽  
Yung-Chu Chang ◽  
Teh-Hua Tsai ◽  
Man-Hai Liu ◽  
Ying-Chien Chung
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Antityrosinase Activity

Research on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has often focused on their physical, chemical, and crystalline characteristics. Commercial AuNPs have been applied in the diverse fields of biomedicine, catalysis, photovoltaics, and sensing. In this study, we explored the various activities of AuNPs to widen their applicability. This paper presents a simple and rapid synthesis process of AuNPs with bacteria isolated from a gold mining area. We also investigated the optimization of reaction parameters for AuNP synthesis. The study results revealed that among the isolated strains, Bifidobacterium lactis and Escherichia coli demonstrated the highest capabilities of AuNP synthesis. The optimal pH values for AuNP synthesis by B. lactis (BLAuNPs) and E. coli (ECAuNPs) were 5.0 for 72 h of incubation and 8.0 for 24 h of incubation. The average particle sizes of ECAuNPs and BLAuNPs were 4.2 and 5.6 nm, respectively. Furthermore, these biogenic AuNPs were found to be stable with no aggregation after 3 months of storage. BLAuNPs and ECAuNPs exhibited high levels of antimicrobial, antioxidant, photocatalytic, and antityrosinase activity. Moreover, they were noncytotoxic to skin cells even at 100% melanin inhibitory concentrations. Considering the demonstrated multifunctional activities of AuNPs, BLAuNPs and ECAuNPs have promising potential for commercialization.

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