scholarly journals A novel method for prediction of gas turbine power production: Degree-day method

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 809-817
Author(s):  
Umit Unver ◽  
Alper Kelesoglu ◽  
Muhsin Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Difference

Gas turbines are widely used in the energy production. The quantity of the operating machines requires a special attention for prediction of power production in the energy marketing sector. Thus, the aim of this paper is to support the sector by making the prediction of power production more computable. By using the data from an operating power plant, correlation and regression analysis are performed and linear equation obtained for calculating useful power production vs atmospheric air temperature and a novel method, the gas turbine degree day method, was developed. The method has been addressed for calculating the isolation related issues for buildings so far. But in this paper, it is utilized to predict the theoretical maximum power production of the gas turbines in various climates for the first time. The results indicated that the difference of annual energy production capacity between the best and the last province options was calculated to be 7500 MWh approximately.

Assessment of Solar Steam Injection in Gas Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Steam Production

The concept of solar steam production for injection in a gas turbine combustion chamber is studied for both nominal and part load engine operation. First, a 5MW single shaft engine is considered which is then retrofitted for solar steam injection using either a tower receiver or a parabolic troughs scheme. Next, solar thermal power is used to augment steam production of an already steam injected single shaft engine without any modification of the existing HRSG by placing the solar receiver/evaporator in parallel with the conventional one. For the case examined in this paper, solar steam injection results to an increase of annual power production (∼15%) and annual fuel efficiency (∼6%) compared to the fuel-only engine. It is also shown that the tower receiver scheme has a more stable behavior throughout the year compared to the troughs scheme that has better performance at summer than at winter. In the case of doubling the steam-to-air ratio of an already steam injected gas turbine through the use of a solar evaporator, annual power production and fuel efficiency increase by 5% and 2% respectively.

The Ethanol-Water Humidification Process in EvGT Cycles

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Thern ◽  
Torbjo¨rn Lindquist ◽  
Tord Torisson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Ethanol from bio-products has become an important fuel for future power production. However, the present production technology is rather expensive. This paper focuses on how to lower the production cost of ethanol extraction from mash, and to use the ethanol as a primary fuel in gas turbines for heat and power production. Today, ethanol is produced during distillation by supplying energy to extract the ethanol from the mash. Using the evaporation process in the evaporative gas turbine to extract the ethanol from the mash before the distillation step, a lot of energy can be saved. In the evaporation process, the ethanol is extracted directly from the mash using energy from low-level energy sources. The evaporation technology is therefore expected to reduce the cost for the ethanol production. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer inside the ethanol humidification tower drives a mixture of ethanol and water into the compressor discharge air. To investigate the evaporation of a binary mixture into air at elevated pressures and temperatures, a test facility was constructed and integrated into the evaporative gas turbine pilot-plant. The concentration of ethanol in the mash is not constant but depends on the sugar content in the feedstock used in the fermentation process. Tests were therefore conducted at different concentrations of ethanol in the ethanol-water mixture. Tests were also performed at different temperature and flow conditions to establish the influence of these parameters on the lower heating value of the produced low calorific gas. It has been shown that this technology extracts about 80% of the ethanol from the mash. It has also been shown that the composition of the resulting gas depends on the temperatures, flow rates and composition of the incoming streams. The tests have shown that the produced gas has a lower heating value between of 1.8 to 3.8 MJ/kg. The produced gas with heating values in the upper range is possible to use as fuel in the gas turbine without any pilot flame. Initial models of the ethanol humidification process have been established and the initial test results have been used for validating developed models.

Trends in Combined Steam-Gas Turbine Power Plants in the U. S. A.

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
R. W. Foster-Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The combined steam-gas turbine cycle offers reductions in fuel consumption and energy production cost compared to all steam, particularly for the smaller-size plants used in industrial complexes. Currently, combined cycles are restricted to natural gas fuel, which limits their use particularly by utility companies. Their potential is predicted in the event an economic means of operating gas turbines on coal can be found. Extrapolation of the historic trend of gas turbine performance and cost suggests that combined cycles will be able to demonstrate substantial economies for larger power plants in the future.

Investigation of the Effect of Perforated Sheath on Thermal-Flow Characteristics Over a Gas Turbine Reverse-Flow Combustor—Part 1: Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Flow ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Transition Piece ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Reverse-flow combustors have been used in heavy, land-based gas turbines for many decades. A sheath is typically installed over the external walls of the combustor and transition piece to provide enhanced cooling through hundreds of small impinging cooling jets, followed by a strong forced convection channel flow. However, this cooling is at the expense of a large pressure loss. With the modern advancements in metallurgy and thermal-barrier coating technologies, it may become possible to remove this sheath to recover the pressure loss without causing thermal damage to the combustor chamber and the transition piece walls. However, without the sheath, the flow inside the dump diffuser may exert nonuniformly reduced cooling on the combustion chamber and transition piece walls. The objective of this paper is to investigate the difference in flow pattern, pressure drop, and heat transfer distribution in the dump diffuser and over the outer surface of the combustor with and without a sheath. Both experimental and computational studies are performed and presented in Part 1 and Part 2, respectively. The experiments are conducted under low pressure and temperature laboratory conditions to provide a database to validate the computational model, which is then used to simulate the thermal-flow field surrounding the combustor and transition piece under elevated gas turbine operating conditions. The experimental results show that the pressure loss between the dump diffuser inlet and exit is 1.15% of the total inlet pressure for the non-sheathed case and 1.9% for the sheathed case. This gives a 0.75 percentage point (or 40%) reduction in pressure losses. When the sheath is removed in the laboratory, the maximum increase of surface temperature is about 35%, with an average increase of 13–22% based on the temperature scale of 23 K, which is the difference between the bulk inlet and the outlet temperatures.

Optimum Use of Existing Sensor Information for Gas Turbine Diagnostics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Stamatis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sensor Information ◽  
Plant Integrity

Gas Path Analysis, (GPA), has been proven a powerful tool for Gas Turbine fault detection and isolation. Restriction on GPA effectiveness is mainly due to limited instrumentation imposed by sensor technology and plant integrity. The main concept proposed in the past for overcoming this situation is based on exploiting existing sensor information from different operating conditions. In this paper, potential problems in diagnosis based on methods implementing the above concept are evaluated and a novel method is described. The new method is based on safer assumptions regarding the fault appearance on Gas turbines. The main idea is to exploit different sensor deviation values produced on the same operating point defined through different operating parameters. Application of the proposed method shows significant improvements regarding reliable Gas Turbine Diagnosis.

Analysis of Wind Turbine Capacity Factor Improvement by Correcting Yaw Error Using LIDAR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Bakhshi ◽  
Peter Sandborn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Common ◽  
Turbine Capacity ◽  
The Cost

Yaw error is the angle between a turbine’s rotor central axis and the wind flow. The presence of yaw error results in lower power production from turbines. Yaw error also puts extra loads on turbine components, which in turn, lowers their reliability. In this study we develop a stochastic model to calculate the average capacity factor of a 50 turbine offshore wind farm and investigate the effects of minimizing the yaw error on the capacity factor. In this paper, we define the capacity factor in terms of energy production, which is consistent with the common practice of wind farms (rather than the power production capacity factor definition that is used in textbooks and research articles). The benefit of using the energy production is that it incorporates both the power production improvements and downtime decreases. For minimizing the yaw error, a nacelle mounted LIDAR is used. While the LIDAR is on a turbine, it collects wind speed and direction data for a period of time, which is used to calculate a correction bias for the yaw controller of the turbine, then it will be moved to another turbine in the farm to perform the same task. The results of our investigation shows that although the improvements of the capacity factor are less than the theoretical values, the extra income from the efficiency improvements is larger than the cost of the LIDAR.

Evaluation of steam and water injection effects on gas turbine operation using explicit analytical relations

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Design Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
Analytical Relations ◽  
Range Of Variation

The changes in performance of a gas turbine resulting from the injection of steam or water into the combustion chamber are evaluated using explicit analytic relations. From the values of performance parameters at an operating point without injection, the changes in fuel amount, power output, and efficiency are evaluated. The difference in behaviour of the case of water and steam injection are highlighted and explained. It is shown that the movement of the operating point on the compressor map, for single and twin shaft turbines, can also be predicted. Comparison with predictions of computer models show that the deviations are predicted accurately. Design data from a large number of commercial gas turbines are used to show the range of variation of parameter deviations and provide some general guidelines as to the size of expected parameter deviations for any gas turbine, when water or steam are injected between the compressor exit and the turbine inlet.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN TRENDS OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Zheliezna ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Expert Estimation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

Purpose of the paper is to analyze main trends of bioenergy development in the EU, identify successful examples and existing problems and also to suggest some recommendations on implementing the best European practices in Ukraine’s bioenergy sector. State of the art and prospects for the development of bioenergy in the EU-28 until 2030 are presented. It is shown that bioenergy is an important part of European Union’s energy sector and the biggest contributor to renewable energy production. The EU is getting on quite well with achieving its RES 2020 targets set by the Directive 2009/28/EС. By now at least ten counties have already attained their obligatory share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption. According to expert estimation, under further pursuing of the favourable policy, the present share of RES in EU’s energy consumption may double and reach about 34% in 2030. Main features of bioenergy part in different EU’s energy production and consumption sectors are analyzed. Traditionally, in the EU, biomass contributes mostly to heat production and its leading part among other RES in the sector is expected to remain beyond 2020. The situation in Ukraine is in line with this trend. The difference is that in the EU most part of heat is produced combined with power, and in Ukraine there are few biomass CHP plants. Besides, power production from biomass is behind other RES in Ukraine in contrast with the EU. Based on the main trends existing in the EU, one can recommend the priority development of biomass CHP to Ukraine and also some higher contribution of biomass to power production compared with other RES. In addition it is suggested that Ukraine should pay more attention to the production and consumption of second generation biofuels and implementation of sustainability criteria in the bioenergy sector.

Model-Based Analysis of a Combined Heat and Power System Featuring a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine with On-Site Hydrogen Production and Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Björn Roscher ◽  
Ralf Schelenz ◽  
Georg Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Abstract Hydrogen-fired gas turbines can play an important role in carbon neutral energy and industry sectors. However, the required demand-oriented supply of CO2-neutral hydrogen is technically and economically challenging. These challenges arise due to interdependencies between the volatility of renewable power generation, available hydrogen production capacities, available hydrogen storage capacities and the operational demands to be met by gas turbines. The present study aims to quantify these interdependencies by conducting a model-based analysis of an exemplary CHP system featuring a hydrogen-fired industrial gas turbine with on-site hydrogen production via electrolysis and on-site hydrogen storage. To identify the sought-after interdependencies, simulation runs featuring various system parameterizations are analyzed. If only local power surpluses are utilized for the operation of electrolyzers, the results show a non-linear impact of both the hydrogen production capacity and the hydrogen storage capacity on the hydrogen-based gas turbine operation. Furthermore, the results indicate that an exclusive utilization of local power surpluses leads to limited periods of hydrogen-based gas turbine operation. If additional power for the operation of electrolyzers is supplied by the grid, prolonged periods of hydrogen-based gas turbine operation can be achieved. However, to realize an overall reduction of CO2 emissions, this mode of operation requires the supply of large quantities of renewable power by the grid. The results of an additional economic assessment reveal that both investigated operational modes are not economically viable within the considered economic framework.

Some Factors in the Use of High Temperatures in Gas Turbines

1950 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Useful Power

A comparison is made between gas-turbine cycles with inlet temperatures of 1,250 and 2,200 deg. F. The use of high inlet temperatures necessitates cooling; the effect of air and water cooling in turbines is examined, and equations are given and used to show the factors controlling cooling loss. A cooling-loss factor is also derived which gives the turbine efficiency obtainable with various degrees of cooling. A cycle with an inlet temperature of 2,200 deg. F. is examined to show the effect of air or water cooling. With water cooling the steam generated is then considered either to provide an increase in useful power or to pre-cool the inlet air. For greater efficiency the steam should be used to increase the power delivered. Practical considerations and a proposed marine layout are given, together with a series of conclusions. Appendices are also included giving the assumptions made and derivations of the equations.

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