scholarly journals Plasmid profile analysis in identification of epidemic strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic ◽  
Zorica Lepsanovic ◽  
Tatjana Babic ◽  
Branislava Kocic ◽  
Gordana Randjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Background/Aim. As illness caused by Sallmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) occurs not only as sporadic cases but as outbreaks, to reveal the source and routes of spreading of infection it is necessary to identify epidemic strain by the use of some typing methods. To determine whether plasmid profile analysis, as genotyping method, could be applied for the investigation of epidemic strains, isolates of S. Enteritidis, recovered from patient's stools and food associated with outbreaks and those isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea, were investigated. Methods. Investigation of antibiotic resistance was performed by Kirby - Bauer disc-diffusion method. Isolation of plasmid DNA was carried out by Birnboim and Dolly alkaline lysis method, modified by Ish-Horovitz. Results. Out of 276 izolates of S. Enteritidis 94 were isolated from patient's stools and food associated with outbreaks and 182 were isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea. The presence of 12 plasmid profiles was established. An average correlation degree of plasmid profiles between the strains was 0.84, that implies high degree of similarity of plasmid profiles of epidemic and non- epidemic strains isolated at our geographic region for the given period of time. Conclusion. The strains of S. Enteritidis, isolated in outbreaks of enterocolitis as well as from spordic cases of diarrhea in the same period of time and at the same area, frequently exhibit the same plasmid profile characterized by a single plasmid of 38 MDa. Therefore, in most cases plasmid profile analysis is not valuable in the identification of epidemic strains of S. Enteritidis. However, for this purpose plasmid profile analysis could be used when drug-resistant strains of S. Enteritidis are isolated, as they often possess additional resistant plasmids what increases discrimination power of this method.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated in Siberia and the Far East of Russia between 1990 and 2017

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Rakov ◽  
Natalya A. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
The Far East

Salmonella is one of the major causes of foodborne disease outbreaks globally. Specifically, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the major causes of zoonotic Salmonella infection in humans worldwide. In this study, we present data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and plasmid profiles of S. Enteritidis strains isolated from patients, food, and the environment in Siberia and the Far East of Russia obtained during Salmonella monitoring between 1990 and 2017. A total of 345 S. Enteritidis isolates were tested by the disk diffusion method with a set of 15 antibiotics using EUCAST breakpoints v. 10 and by plasmid profile analysis using the alkaline lysis method. The results have shown a substantial decrease in susceptibility to aminoglycosides and quinolones during the study period. No significant differences were found in the susceptibility of strains between regions as well as in the its correlation with different plasmid types of the pathogen. Several S. Enteritidis strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins. All tested S. Enteritidis strains were susceptible only to imipenem. In this study, we observed a relatively low level of AMR in S. Enteritidis strains isolated in Siberia and the Far East of Russia. Nevertheless, it is important to continue the molecular genetic monitoring and AMR surveillance of S. Enteritidis to track further increases in AMR using conventional phenotypic susceptibility testing and by introducing whole-genome sequencing to identify AMR mechanisms.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agrahari ◽  
Amrit Koirala ◽  
Roshan Thapa ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), showing resistance to several antibiotics is a global health problem associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Antibiotic susceptibility test is a commonly used method to characterize MRSA in epidemiologic studies. Additionally, plasmid profile has been reported to be useful in tracing the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. This research was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of MRSA isolated from clinical samples at KIST Medical College, Imadol, Kathmandu, Nepal. All the clinical specimens sent to the laboratory were processed by standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, plasmid profiling was done by Alkaline-lysis method. A total of 27 (38.02%) MRSA were isolated from 71 S. aureus positive samples. MRSA showed the highest resistance towards penicillin (92.60%) and ampicillin (92.60%). In contrast, high levels of sensitivity were shown towards vancomycin (85.19%) and tetracycline (85.19%). Out of 27 MRSA positive samples, single plasmids were isolated from only 6 (22.22%) MRSA isolates. Antibiograms alone are inadequate to accomplish the characterization of MRSA during epidemiological studies. However, plasmid profile analysis in conjunction with the antibiotic susceptibility pattern is valuable in the epidemiological investigation of MRSA, and for reducing MRSA prevalence and treatment cost.

scholarly journals Plasmid Profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi.

2019 ◽  
pp. 354-378
Author(s):  
Fathea. E. Elmagdub ◽  
Nuria. A. Elamri ◽  
Abdunabi. M. Abughania
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Olive Knot Disease ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Pepper Leaves

Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (Psv) is the causal agent of olive knot disease. Forty nine bacterial isolates of Psv were isolated from knots on several hosts at the western area of Libya: 31 isolates from olive Olea europaea, 17 isolates from athel Tamarix aphylla (on which the disease is documented for the first time) and one isolate from retem Retama raetam. The isolates were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics and LOPAT profile. They produced round, white creamy colonies on selective media (PAB and KB), from which 15 isolates produced fluorescent pigments. With the exception of other LOPAT analysis, all isolates were pectinolytic activity and arginine dihydrolase negative. some isolates were levan positive (10 isolates) and oxidase positive (12 isolates), while the rest of isolates were negative for both tests. Most of the isolates induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco and pepper leaves. Plasmid profile analysis of Psv strains indicated high genetic variability between the isolates of the same host or different hosts. Most of the olive isolates were classified according to their plasmid profile into five groups (A, B, C, D, F), however, the athel isolates were separated into three different groups designated as G, K, N, on the other hand, group E and H contained mixed isolates from different hosts: group H included two isolates from olive (OS25w and OS42w) and one isolate from retem (Ra1); only two strains OS6w and Ta5y from olive and athel respectively were classified within the same group designated as E. The remaining seven isolates from all hosts were unique. The total number of plasmids ranged from 1-4 for the strains tested, while the DNA content varied widely ranging from 540 to 13550 bp. No plasmid were detected in 14 isolates tested. Genome analysis based on plasmid profiles indicated the great potential of this technique to discriminate between the isolates of Psv from different hosts and geographical regions.

scholarly journals Plasmid profiles of antibiotic-resistantShigella dysenteriaetypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in Ethiopia during 1976–85

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gebre-Yohannes ◽  
B. S. Drasar
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARYPlasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out on 37 drug-resistant strains ofShigella dysenteriaetypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. These strains were collected between 1976 and 1985 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.The plasmid profile ofS. dysenteriaetype 2 strains with R-type CSSuT did not show middle-sized plasmids likely to code for CSSuT resistance. All strains contained a large plasmid of about 120 megadaltons (MDa), and a cryptic plasmid of about 2·2 MDa. The plasmid profiles ofS. dysenteriaetype 3 with R-types ACSSuT, SSuT and SSu showed a 4·2 MDa SSu-determinant, which was demonstrated inEscherichia coliK12 recipients resulting from triparental crosses. The ACT determinant inS. dysenteriaetype 3 with R-type ACSSuT is probably chromosomally mediated. Cryptic plasmids of about 3·0 and 2·2 MDa were found in allS. dysenteriaetype 3 isolates. The 4·2 MDa plasmid featured prominently in the plasmid profiles ofS. dysenteriaetypes 4, 6 and 7 with R-types SSuT and SSu. However, this plasmid was not mobilizable by triparental crosses. There was a relative paucity of transferable plasmids in non-Shiga bacillus isolates. However, incompatibility group N plasmids, coding for tetracycline resistance, were detected.

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Diarrheal Children in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The aims of this work were to investigate the antimicrobial pattern and plasmid profile of different antibiotic resistant Salmonella species isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province and to find a possible relationship between resistance patterns and plasmid profile. Salmonella isolates were tested against 15 commonly used antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method to determine the resistance Patterns while plasmid DNA was extracted using alkaline lysis method and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. all isolates were sensitive to the Amikacin and Gentamycin whereas all isolates were resistances to erythromycin; the most prevalent pattern included resistance to Nalidixic acid (50%) , Cefixim and Cefotaxim (37.5%), and to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and Ampicillin (33.3%).Furthermore, many isolates were resistant to Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol (29.1%), Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantion (25%) and Azithromycin (20.8%), while only 12% of isolates were resistances to Norfloxacin. Plasmid analysis of clinical isolates showed several large and small plasmids were extracted from (91.7%) of the isolates and some isolates carried one or more plasmids.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of salmonella infection of calves: the role of dealers

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wray ◽  
N. Todd ◽  
I. McLaren ◽  
Y. Beedell ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Marketing Chain

SUMMARYSalmonellas were detected in the environment of 10 of the 12 calf dealers' premises studied. The cleaning and disinfection routines were often ineffective and salmonellas were isolated from 7·6 % and 5·3 % of the wall and floor samples before disinfection and 6·8% and 7·6% afterwards. Eight different salmonella serotypes were detected, of which the commonest wereSalmonella typhimurium, predominantly phage type DT204C, andS. dublin. Plasmid profiles were used to fingerprintS. typhimuriumDT204C and the results indicated that with the exception of one of the premises, prolonged salmonella-persistence in the environment was not occurring.Three separate epidemics of salmonellosis in calves were studied by use of plasmid profile analysis. The results illustrated the role of dealers, and their subcontractors, in the dissemination of salmonellas. The study concludes with suggestions for methods to reduce the spread of salmonellas in the calf marketing chain.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing, antibiotic resistance, and plasmid profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1278-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Uysal ◽  
Yusuf Durak
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Profiles

Bacterial contamination in foods and antimicrobial resistance levels of common pathogenic strains causing food-borne disease are important in human health. Thus, typing technologies are important tools to determine primary sources of bacterial contamination. In this study, 40 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 85 food samples were evaluated in terms of genetic diversity, susceptibility to certain antibiotics, and plasmid profiles. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to identify the genetic relations of E. coli isolates. It was determined that the 40 E. coli strains revealed 32 different pulsotypes represented by 6 subtypes. Antibiotic susceptibility tests conducted by using a disc diffusion method against 15 antibiotics showed that although the isolates revealed 14 different types of resistance profiles, the strains showed the greatest resistance to ampicillin (77.5%), followed by ticarcillin–clavulanic acid (30%), tetracycline (22.5%), and cephalothin (14.5%). Plasmid isolations studies of the strains conducted by the method of alkaline lysis revealed that 18 (45%) of 40 E. coli strains contain 31 different plasmid bands ranging between 64.4 and 1 kb. The results showed that PFGE was a powerful method in tracking sources of food contamination and that the antibiotic resistance levels of food isolates were high and should be monitored.

scholarly journals Formulation of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Synthetic and Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Tunde Jurca ◽  
Liza Józsa ◽  
Ramona Suciu ◽  
Annamaria Pallag ◽  
Eleonora Marian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Membrane Diffusion ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is of major interest because of their fewer side effects compared to oral therapy. The purpose of this study was to prepare different types of topical formulations (ointments and gels) containing synthetic and natural anti-inflammatory agents with different excipients (e.g.,: surfactants, gel-forming) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The combination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac sodium, a topical analgesic agent methyl salicylate, and a lyophilized extract of Calendula officinalis with antioxidant effect were used in our formulations. The aim was to select the appropriate excipients and dosage form for the formulation in order to enhance the diffusion of active substances and to certify the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of these formulations. To characterize the physicochemical properties of the formulations, rheological studies, and texture profile analysis were carried out. Membrane diffusion and permeability studies were performed with Franz-diffusion method. The therapeutic properties of the formulations have been proven by an antioxidant assay and a randomized prospective study that was carried out on 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The results showed that the treatment with the gel containing diclofenac sodium, methyl salicylate, and lyophilized Calendula officinalis as active ingredients, 2-propenoic acid homopolymer (Synthalen K) as gel-forming excipient, distilled water, triethanolamine, and glycerol had a beneficial analgesic and local anti-inflammatory effect.

scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of Salmonellaenterica Isolates from Fish Feed Factories and Fish Feed Ingredients

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Live L. Nesse ◽  
Kerstin Nordby ◽  
Even Heir ◽  
Bjarne Bergsjoe ◽  
Traute Vardund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

ABSTRACT Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, S. enterica serovar Montevideo, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, and S. enterica serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few S. enterica clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 from human and environmental sources in Malaysia

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RADU ◽  
Y. K. HO ◽  
S. LIHAN ◽  
YUHERMAN ◽  
G. RUSUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Wide Variability

A total of 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (10 from outbreak cases and 7 from surface water) and non-O1 (4 from clinical and 10 from surface water sources) isolated between 1993 and 1997 were examined with respect to presence of cholera enterotoxin (CT) gene by PCR-based assays, resistance to antibiotics, plasmid profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All were resistant to 9 or more of the 17 antibiotics tested. Identical antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates may indicate that they share a common mode of developing antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance indexing showed that all strains tested originated from high risk contamination. Plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of small plasmids in 12 (7 non-O1 and 5 O1 serotypes) with sizes ranging 1·3–4·6 MDa. The CT gene was detected in all clinical isolates but was present in only 14 (6 O1 serotype and 8 non-O1 serotype) isolates from environmental waters. The genetic relatedness of the clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 strains was investigated by RAPD fingerprinting with four primers. The four primers generated polymorphisms in all 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae tested, producing bands ranging from <250 to 4500 bp. The RAPD profiles revealed a wide variability and no correlation with the source of isolation. This study provides evidence that Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 have significant public health implications.

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