scholarly journals Transformational processes and modernization of social structure in post-soviet Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Sava Zivanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Russia

The paper presents several basic arguments which corroborate the researches of the Russian sociologist Zinaida Golenkova aabout transformational processes in postsoviet Russia, specially about the processes which led to the changes in the social structure of the Russian society. The author believes, relying also on the researches of other Russian scientists, that the transformation of the post-soviet Russian society occurs within the historical type which is called "the social engineering". Unlike the other two types of historical transformation ("modification" within a specific type of social relations and the changes created in "the bourgeois-democratic revolutions"), "the social engineering" implies a specific violation of the historical reality of a society. In author's opinion, "the social engineering" is characteristic both for the revolutionary transformation of Russia in 1917 and for its transformation in the last decade of the 20th century. Namely, the transformations realized in Russia in the last decade of the 20th century to a great degree represent "social engineering", because they are realized with the help of the instruments of political power, by the forceful reforms from the top, in order to form the social-economic structure according to the models which were historically created in significantly different social environments. In that sense, the post-soviet transformation of the Russian society could be designated as a state of social chaos. Such a state to a great degree created a specific social system, which is argu-mentatively discussed in the research studies of Z. Golenkova.

scholarly journals Cultural Potential of the Social Structure of Russian Society: Definition of the Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Arkadyi L. Marshak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Present State ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyses the present state of culture in Russia, its multilevel content. It shows the influence of different layers of society on the state and development of the present social structure. Based on perennial research data collected with participation of the author, sociocultural models of social relations and their influence on the cultural potential of the social structure are described. The article emphasizes the necessity of multilevel social research of the cultural potential of Russian society. The main directions of theoretical, methodological and empirical program of such research are formulated.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО КОНФЛИКТА

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorshkova ◽  
A. A. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers the contradictions and conflicts that are characteristic of modern Russian society. The processes of social disintegration are analyzed and interpreted as a result of fundamental social and economic transformations. The problems of economic inequality are presented in the historical perspective in close connection with the previous stages of Russia's socioeconomic development. Significant polarization of the population is one of the most significant conflict factors in modern society, which leads to an increase in protest moods and may in the long term threaten social upheavals. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the socio-economic situation does not lead to ideas of the unification and consolidation of society, but find expression in social conflicts. The emergence and development of social conflicts is influenced by a number of factors: economic, ethnic, religious. One of the most important characteristics of society is its social structure. After the collapse of the USSR, the previous social structure was abolished, and a new social reality was formed in Russia. When considering the stratification structure of society, most attention is paid to the middle class, which is considered the backbone of a stable society. The middle class in Russia is in the stage of formation, it is hardly possible to speak of a complete analogy with the middle class of Western society. The share of middle class in society can be estimated in different ways depending on the methodological approaches used by researchers. An important consequence of the transformation of the social structure was the problem of marginalization, since the dismantling of the old social structure and the slow formation of the new one put the social status and place in the division of labor system of many individuals into question. The sharp impoverishment of representatives of prestigious professions led to a reassessment of their situation, especially for the younger generation. When analyzing the origins of social conflicts in modern Russian society, it is necessary to consider the issue of the attitude of the broad masses of the population to power and national elites. It should be noted that power in Russia historically takes shape around specific leaders and does not have an institutional character. The most significant factor shaping the attitude towards the authorities and the elite in general in Russian society are the economic results of the market reforms that have taken place. Only a small part of the population believes that they won as a result of the changes that have taken place, the natural consequence of which is the population's distrust of the authorities and, in general, political institutions.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Social Structure: Western Ideas in Domestic Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Nikolaevna Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Selection Of

The study of the social structure of society involves the selection of features that determine social stratification. The variety of these features contributes to the emergence of a large number of theoretical and methodological approaches. The article examines the most significant approaches for studying the social structure of Russian society based on the ideas of representatives of Western sociology: from class theories to theories of social stratification. In the process of transformation of society, not only the structure changes, but also the factors influencing it, which leads to the emergence of new approaches for the most complete and accurate analysis.

scholarly journals Eduards Volters and the Institutionalization of Book Science in the Early 20th Century

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 230-263
Author(s):  
Aušra Navickienė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
European Region ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Eduardas Volteris (1856‒1941) is one of the first book theorists in the Eastern European region and developer of the most important memory and higher education institutions of independent Lithuania. This article analyzes the early 20th c. phenomenon of the institutionalization of book science. It attempts to answer the question of how Eduardas Volteris contributed to establishing the very first Eastern European societies of book researchers, to consolidating the sciences of bibliography, bibliology and book science within the realm of academia, and to professionalising of book scholarship. The sources for examination of the social aspects of book science are: documents belonging to the Russian Society of Bibliology, which was active in St. Petersburg in 1899–1931, materials in scholarly serial publications on book science of the early 20th c., theoretical papers published by E. Volteris, and the results of the historical studies on the history of European book science.

The Impact of New Technology on Society and Workforce in Production in the Era of Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 1202-1218
Author(s):  
Cem Zafer ◽  
Pelin Vardarlier
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The industrial revolution, which took place in the 20th century, is the first step of similar developments in the ongoing centuries. In the first steps of this century, the use of steam machines in production is the first steps of a more serial and systematic production structure. With the advancing developments up to the industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, a structure quite different from the initial stage was formed. In the most general sense, the Industry 4.0 structure, defined as the internet of objects, emerges with a more systematic and self-functioning structure discourse in its production activities, but its effects are not only related to production activities. As a matter of fact, the use of Industry 4.0 at the point reached, human resources, employment, social classes, communities, and so on. It is thought to be effective on the structures. In this context, in this study, the effects of the social impacts of these processes and the ways in which Industry 4.0 can create a social structure have been explained.

scholarly journals Homoseksualiteit en tydgerigtheid: ’n etiek van Bybellees?

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrie Snyman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
The Social

Homosexuality and time-orientedness: an ethic of reading the Bible? The article deals with the discourse on homosexuality within the Reformed Churches in South Africa. At stake is the exegete’s subjectivity, or presupposed arbitrariness in the hermeneutical process. The author takes issue with the view that the Biblical text on homosexuality is a matter of principle and not a cultural prescription bounded by time. The author suggests that the current thinking on homosexuality is infused by a modern concept of heterosexuality and that the use of some Biblical texts that clearly prohibit sex between members of similar gender is problematic, because very little of the social structure that once supported these laws has been honoured since the late 20th century. Adding to the problem of the use of the Bible is intersexuality, which makes any clear principled distinction between two sexes difficult. The author concludes that the Bible readers’ subjectivity (socio-political location) must be recog- nised and put on the table in order to indicate its role in the reading process.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

scholarly journals Sree Narayana Movement and Social Transformation of Modern Kerala: A Bird’s - Eye View

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Shaji Anirudhan
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pillar Structure

Among the various factors that contributed for the transformation of Kerala into a modern democratic society the role played by Sree Narayana movement was most significant. Realising that the political power was the master key to social progress, the leaders of the movement came into tacit understanding with non Hindus, made permutations and combinations with them to maintain and strengthen their position in the society. Through their protests, incessant conflicts and assertions, they succeeded in transforming the pyramidal social structure of Kerala into pillar structure. From the position of caste victims they could elevate themselves to the makers of their own destinies. They also succeeded in politicising the social relations. The philosophies and pragmatic approaches propounded by Narayana Guru for the material and spiritual advancement of the backward caste people of Kerala was found successful that contributed for the social transformation from structural relations to human relations and from caste hierarchical structure to inter-personal relations.

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