scholarly journals current social conflicts and criminality in Serbia

2006 ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Milovan Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Socialist System ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Transitional Phenomenon ◽  
The One

This paper consists of two parts. The first part, in a theoretical-hypothetical manner, discusses social organization, conflicts and criminality, while the second discusses some specific problems related to corruption and organized crime in Serbia. The first part expounds the hypothesis that the social conflicts (war, external sanctions and the breakdown of the regime) led to a deep crisis and destruction (disorganization) of the Serbian society, which directly caused the sharp increase in all kinds of criminality in Serbia. Starting from the assumption that criminality has the characteristics of a total social phenomenon as well as many faces and seamy sides, the author distinguishes three sociologically most significant social roots and forms of criminality in Serbia, that is the systemic, anomic and transitional ones. The second part specially discusses corruption as a form of systematic and transitional criminality and as the backbone of organized crime in Serbia. The author believes that the deepest causes of corruption have their roots in the old socialist system and recent transitional regimes in which the public property (state and social property) was managed by the powerful individuals and privileged groups, usually according to their own will. In that sense, the author concludes that corruption and organized crime are, on the one hand, the consequences of war and disintegration of the socialist system and the heritage of the former regime, and on the other the consequences of interest blockades in the construction of new and more efficient institutions of social control and regular mechanisms of modern development, so in that sense they are a newly-created transitional phenomenon of the unfinished democratic system. Therefore, the paper points out that the reformed and strengthened public institutions are the only serious and efficient obstacle to corruption and all other forms of organized criminality. In the first place, reforms should imply the withdrawal of the state from the direct administrative management of economic activities, leaving them to a legally ordered market. Strengthening of public institutions would imply more efficient minimal state functions; all other institutions should get, on the one hand, real means and mechanisms to implement their duties, and on the other they themselves should be under public control in their work which has to be more "transparent" than it is today.

The Other Entrepreneurs - Migrant Economies as Spaces for Social Innovation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Claudia Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
The One

This article analyses the relationship between migrant entrepreneurship, marginalisation and social innovation. It does so, by looking how their ‘otherness’ is used on the one hand to reproduce their marginalised situation in society and on the other to develop new living and working arrangements promoting social innovation in society. The paper is based on a qualitative study, which was carried out from March 2014- 2016. In this period, twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with migrant entrepreneurs and experts. As the results show, migrant entrepreneurs are characterised by a false dichotomy of “native weakness” in economic self-organisation against the “classical strength” of majority entrepreneurs. It is shown that new possibilities of acting in the context of migrant entrepreneurship are mostly organised in close relation to the lifeworlds and specific needs deriving from this sphere. Social innovation processes initiated by migrant entrepreneurs through their economic activities thus develop on a micro level and are hence less apparent. Supportive networks are missing on a structural level, so it becomes difficult for single innovative initiatives to be long-lasting.

IV.—The Mammoth in Siberia

1880 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Neutral Ground

The overlapping of the sciences is made the subject of much rhetorical writing now-a-days, and its appreciation is one of the most prominent signs of the modern development of the doctrine of Continuity which has been so fruitful in the Philosophy of Discovery. The boundary-line which once separated the geologist and ethnologist has in consequence of this development entirely disappeared, and every one now admits as a postulate that between the two sciences there is a stretch of neutral ground belonging to neither exclusively, and where the students of each must of necessity reap if their harvest is to be complete. Not only so, but it is beginning to be seen that the methods and the directions of the arguments in each science being more or less different—the one partaking much more of the historical, and the other of the experimental method—that it is well that where they overlap the results of each should be closely compared, and thus not only secure a double modicum of certitude, but also suggest fresh veins of untried material where we may put in our mattock with renewed hope of solving some apparently hopeless problems.

POSEBNA ODELjENjA ZA BORBU PROTIV KORUPCIJE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-329
Author(s):  
Vladimir Šebek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
New Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
The One

Specialized anti-corruption institutions are not product of the new age. First specialized departments in fighting against corruption went into effect in the middle of last century, but the beginning of creation of these departments has been connected with founding of the most significant specialized institutions. Although its effects on democratic institutions and economic and social development have long been apparent, the fight against corruption has only recently been placed high on the international policy agenda. The UN Convention Against Corruption, which came into force in 2005, is the most universal in its approach; it covers a very broad range of issues including the formation of specialised bodies responsible for preventing corruption and for combating corruption through law enforcement. It is the author’s intention to present to the public the organizational solutions of the anticorruption bodies predicted in the UN Convention against Corruption and folloving standards to act effectively. On the one hand, this text represents models of specialized anti-corruption bodies in the world, and on the other hand, it contains display of institutional anti-corruption model in Republic of Serbia as well, with the focus on the Department for Corruption Suppression (OBPK) in the Ministry of Interior and special departmens of Public prosecutor's offices. In order to compare efficiency of police and prosecutorial work, a data analysis was performed for the period before and the period after the Law on organization and competence of state bodies in supression of organized crime, terrorism and corruption, entry into force.

Mongolia at 800: The State and Nation Since Chinggis Khan

Inner Asia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-61
Author(s):  
Henry G. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Entity

AbstractAs we are commemorating the 800th anniversary of Temüjin’s ascent to power, we are being told that that event marked the birth of the Mongolian state, the Yeke Monggol Ulus. There can, of course, be no question that this event happened and that it marked, like the Otrar Incident a dozen years later,2 a major qualitative change in the history of Mongolia and indeed of most of northern Asia. What is of equal importance but has been neglected or entirely ignored was the birth of a Mongolian nation, or perhaps more precisely speaking, a new Mongolian nation. The relative neglect is understandable because the two terms are frequently used interchangeably. I hope to show not only that state and nation are two different entities but that in the case of Mongolia they differ in size and longevity, with nation being the more enduring. A state, such as the one Chinggis Khan created in 1206 on the banks of the Onon River, is an objectively definable political entity led by a government. Its existence can be ascertained regardless of the efficacy of its government. A nation, on the other hand, is a cultural entity characterised by a variety of common objective features, such as language, customs and habits, and economic activities. Most importantly, and in contrast to a state, a nation is also defined by the subjective force of a sense of identity.3 Moreover, this sense of identity is heavily dependent on context. During the time of the Mongol world empire, men serving with the armies in far-away lands undoubtedly identified themselves with the Mongolian nation, but members of their own families staying behind at home had probably little or no reason to identify themselves with any ‘nation’ beyond their own clan.4 If state and nation are not identical, it follows that they are rarely, if ever, truly interchangeable concepts.

scholarly journals Polityka wobec zabijania ludzi w konfliktach społecznych. Wykład teoretyczno-metodologiczny

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czajowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides

Politica towards killing people in social conflicts. Theoretical-methodological lectureThere are two sides of life: its continuation to natural death and premature annihilation. These two processes occur in parallel, subjecting to nature and culture. This means that human life, regardless of natural condi­tions, depends in some respects on tradition and politica politics and policy. People primarily protect life, but at the same time kill people and prevent killing in order to meet a number of needs. Often the cause of killing is the clash of those aims and then the killing is used to settle conflicts. Politica has a contradictory role in killing people: on the one hand counteracts this phenomenon, and on the other hand favors. De­pending on the relationship between politica and killing, we differentiate killing politica, politica facilitating killing, anti-killing politica and non-killing politica.The nature and implications of politica involvement in killing of people in conflicts depend on the nature of the conflict. Another is the relation of politica to this phenomenon when the conflict is non-political and the other when it is political.Politica — from its advent to our modern times — is transformed into: apparently killing and encouraging killing, giving way to ever more visible counteracting killing and non-killing.

MINERAÇÃO CONTEMPORá‚NEA EM PORTUGAL, PROPRIEDADE PÚBLICA E INICIATIVA PRIVADA: Concessões de volfrá¢mio na freguesia de S. Mamede de Ribatua

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 175-201
Author(s):  
JOáƒO PAULO AVELáƒS NUNES ◽  
ANA RUTE ELIAS LOPES
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
Relevant Object ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Administrative Framework ◽  
The One

 Dadas, por um lado, as respectivas caracterá­sticas socioeconómicas e culturais; por outro, as modalidades de enquadramento jurá­dico e polá­tico-administrativo adotadas ao longo da época contemporá¢nea, o sector mineiro pode ser encarado como um objecto particularmente relevante para quem pretende analisar a problemática da propriedade e das correspondentes sequelas (diretas e indiretas). Face á s especificidades do subuniverso do volfrá¢mio, escolheram-se como amostra sete minas de tungsténio localizadas num dos distritos do centro e norte de Portugal continental (onde existiram inúmeras concessões de tungsténio). Identificaram-se múltiplas vertentes significativas nas escalas local e regional, nacional e internacional.  Palavras-chave:  Mineração do volfrá¢mio. Propriedade pública. Iniciativa privada.CONTEMPORARY MINING IN PORTUGAL, PUBLIC PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INITIATIVE:  Concessions of wolfram in the parish of S. Mamede de RibatuaAbstract:  Based, on the one hand, to the respective socioeconomic and cultural characteristics; on the other hand, the modalities of legal and political-administrative framework adopted throughout the contemporary era, the mining sector can be considered as a particularly relevant object for those who want to analyze the property problem and the corresponding aftermath (direct and indirect). Considering the specificities of the sub-universe of wolfram, seven tungsten mines located in one of the central and northern districts of continental Portugal (where there were several tungsten concessions) were selected as samples. Multiple significant features were identified at local, regional, national and international scales.Keywords:  Mining of wolfram. Public property. Private initiative.MINERáA CONTEMPORáNEA EN PORTUGAL, PROPRIEDAD PÚBLICA Y SECTOR PRIVADO:  concesiones de wolframio en la parroquia de S. Mamede de Ribatua  Resumen:  Teniendo en cuenta, por una parte, sus caracterá­sticas socioeconómicas y culturales; por el otro, las modalidades del marco jurá­dico, polá­tico y administrativo adoptadas a lo largo de la época contemporánea, el sector minero se puede considerar como un tema particularmente relevante para aquellos que quieren analizar el problema de la propiedad y las secuelas relacionadas (directa e indirectamente). Teniendo en cuenta las caracterá­sticas especá­ficas del subuniverso del wolframio, fueron elegidos como muestra siete minas de tungsteno situadas en un de los distritos del centro y norte de Portugal continental (donde hubo numerosas concesiones de tungsteno). Se identificaron varios aspectos significativos en los niveles local y regional, nacional e internacional.Palabras clave:  Minerá­a del wolframio. Propiedad pública. Sector privado.

Nationalism and Jewish Emancipation in Russia: The 1880s

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Michael Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Communal Organization

By the end of the nineteenth century Russian legislation regarding Jews was a congeries of self-contractions and inconsistencies. On the one hand, Jews were hemmed in by numerous restrictions and repressive measures in regard to their residence rights, economic activities, communal organization, educational opportunities, and even religious practices. On the other hand, the limits of discrimination were often ill-defined, being expanded by some laws and contracted by others; in some cases important privileges were granted to various categories of Jews (for example, the right to live outside the Pale of Jewish Settlement) or to the Jewish community as a whole (for example, the right to collect certain taxes). In addition, the enforcement of this hodge-podge of rules and regulations varied from place to place and from time to time.

scholarly journals THE „HAWALA SYSTEM“ - BETWEEN CUSTOMARY LAW AND ORGANIZED CRIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ivan Geshev ◽  
Nikolay Marin
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Conventional Type

The article aims to reveal the nature and specifics of the alternative method of modern banking ‘Hawala’, which makes it on the one hand, extremely convenient for use by organized criminal groups, and on the other, difficult to be investigated and proven. The authors trace Hawala’s historical roots, referring to the ancient customary law, and point out the strict rules on which it operates. It highlights that, with the development of information technologies, the Hawala systems’ principles have found a new application, from which organized criminal groups benefit. The article clarifies how the Bulgarian legislation incriminates money laundering and the possible use of the ‘Hawala’ system for this and other criminal activities. Attention is paid to the Bulgarian experience in the investigation of a network of persons involved in the use of the Hawala method for concealing, particularly serious crimes. The conclusion is made that the Hawala phenomenon poses a serious threat to the rule of law in any country, and the Bulgarian legislation needs to be adapted in order to provide effective mechanisms to counter such non-conventional type of crime.

Integrating the UNCAC and the UNTOC for Effective Prevention and International Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Uglješa Ugi Zvekić
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Universal Periodic Review ◽  
The One ◽  
International Instruments

Abstract The inextricable links between transnational organized crime, on the one hand, and corruption, on the other, require a more integrated approach between the international instruments aimed at preventing and tackling such phenomena, i.e., respectively, the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the UN Convention against Corruption, as well as between their review mechanisms. Moreover, the role played by civil society in the framework of the UNTOC and UNCAC review mechanisms should be furthered, thus drawing inspiration from the Universal Periodic Review.

Were They Pushed?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Corsino
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organization ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Italian Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethnic Businesses

This chapter paints a picture of the major structural and cultural disadvantages the Italians in Chicago Heights faced in their struggle. In essence, it attempts to show how these forms of discrimination boxed most Italians into a spatial and social isolation in Chicago Heights. However, they also had the unintended consequences of transforming the prosaic features of the Italian culture and social structure into a rich supply of social capital. Specifically, they enhanced the possibilities that Italians would turn to their paesani next door, their cugini on the next street over, their amici at the corner bar as resources for organizing a union, establishing ethnic businesses, recruiting members to mutual-aid societies, and for running a criminal organization. Structural and cultural disadvantages, on the one hand, and consequential social capital resources, on the other, are joined in an attempt to provide a more encompassing and integrated understanding as to how Italians may have been pushed, but also were able to leap into organized crime.

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