Rate and duration of grain filling in five spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
A. L. Brûlé-Babel
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Logistic Equation ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Final grain dry weight, a component of yield in spring wheat, is determined by the rate and duration of grain filling. The objective of this study was to compare grain dry weight and rate and duration of grain filling amongst five spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) that differed in time to maturity. Glenlea, Katepwa, PT516, Roblin, and Wildcat were sown in replicated trials on four seeding dates in 1988 and 1989 at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mean grain dry weight was measured at various intervals from anthesis to maturity. A logistic equation was used to characterize grain filling and estimate final grain dry weight, and the duration and maximum rate of grain filling. Stepwise multivariate analysis indicated that final grain dry weight was the most important variable characterizing the grain filling curves, followed by duration and then maximum rate of grain filling. The highest grain dry weights were produced by Glenlea (40.4 mg) and Wildcat (36.9 mg). Roblin (34.9 mg) was intermediate in grain dry weight while Katepwa (32.4 mg) and PT516 (30.3 mg) produced the smallest grains. Genotypes with the highest grain dry weights had shorter durations and higher maximum rates of grain filling. Key words:Triticum aestivum L., grain filling, duration, rate, phenological development, yield

Inheritance of grain filling duration in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em thell)

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaluddin ◽  
Rishi Muni Singh ◽  
Malik Zainul Abdin ◽  
Mather Ali Khan ◽  
Tanweer Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljević-Balalić ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

AbstractFinal grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions.

scholarly journals Grain filling parameters in high-yielding ns wheat cultivars

2008 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Grain yield of wheat is dependent on grain weight, which is the result of grain filling duration and rate. The study was undertaken to examine the relation between grain weight and rate and duration of grain filling in five high-yielding NS wheat cultivars. Stepwise multivariate analysis of nonlinear regression estimated grain filling parameters was used to examine cultivar differences in grain filling. On the basis of three-year average, the highest grain dry weight had cultivar Renesansa, and the lightest grains were measured for cultivar Evropa 90. Stepwise multivariate analysis indicated that all three nonlinear regression estimated parameters (grain weight, rate and duration of grain filling) were equally important in characterizing the grain filling curves of the cultivars studied, although sequence of their significance varied in different years, which is probably caused by different environmental conditions in three years of experiment.

Wheat Spike Temperature in Relation to Base Temperature for Grain Filling Duration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Wheat Spike

Estimates of the base temperature for grain filling duration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differ between outdoor and indoor studies. This study was set up to determine whether this difference could be attributed to variation in spike-air temperature differentials. Spike and/or spikelet temperatures were determined in wheat grown outdoors as well as indoors. Spike temperature, measured with an infrared thermometer, of wheat grown outdoors with adequate water supply was 1.5 °C greater than air temperature while spikelet temperature measured with a thermocouple closely approximated air temperature. In indoor grown wheat, on the other hand, regardless of the magnitude of air temperature, spikelet temperature was found to be 3–4 °C above that of air when lights were on. Estimating the base temperature for grain filling duration with data from a previous indoor study, with compensation for the 3–4 °C increase in spikelet temperature, resulted in 8.8 °C base temperature for grain filling duration, comparable to that obtained in outdoor studies. Differences between outdoor and indoor studies may thus reflect spike-air temperature differentials. Estimation of the base temperature for grain filling with air temperature appears appropriate for outdoor studies. Key words: Triticum aestivum (L.), base temperature, grain filling duration, wheat

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MANITOU AND PITIC WHEATS GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Responses

In experiments with two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) conducted under irrigation at two locations for 2 years, average grain yields of Pitic 62 were 30% higher than those of Manitou but protein content was 20% lower. Pitic produced 3% more total protein than Manitou. Yield responses to N fertilizer ranged from nil to 2139 kg/ha for Manitou and from 941 to 2778 kg/ha for Pitic. The maximum rate of application of N from which a yield response was obtained by Manitou was 110 kg/ha and by Pitic was 165 kg/ha. In 1 year at one location the protein content of Pitic was lower from the first N increment and that of Manitou from the first two increments than those of wheats from plots that received no N. The maximum rate of N from which protein increases were obtained was 220 kg/ha for both cultivars. It is possible to grow wheat with high protein content on irrigated land.

DISPOSITION OF NITROGEN AND SOLUBLE SUGARS IN MANITOU SPRING WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZER, TEMPERATURE AND DURATION AND STAGE OF MOISTURE STRESS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Concentration

Manitou spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown at combinations of three different day/night temperatures (27/12 °C, 22/12 °C and 17/12 °C), three levels of fertilizer N (58, 116 and 174 kg N/ha), and three moisture stresses (nominally −0.03, −1.5 and −4.0 MPa) applied for four durations (viz., no stress throughout, stress from (i) four-tiller (Tg), (ii) boot (Bt), or (iii) flowering (Fl) stages to harvest (Hvst)). Plant and soil samples were analyzed at eight growth stages. Plants grown at 22/12 °C or 17/12 °C and given 116 or 174 kg N/ha lost some N between heading and flowering. Plant N content (dry weight × % N) was depressed by moisture stress in proportion to the duration of the stress even though N concentration was increased. Plant N content was not greatly affected by temperature due to the compensating effects of temperature on dry matter and N concentration. N content of heads was depressed most by moisture stress applied from the Bt stage. Between Fl and Hvst the roots, leaves and stems lost an average 27, 39 and 63% of their N content, respectively. Stems could have contributed a maximum of about 30%, roots 14%, leaves 10% and chaff 7% of the grain N content at Hvst; thus, almost 40% of the grain’s N was taken up during grain filling. An average 75% of the aboveground plant N was located in the grain. At 27/12 °C nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in stems reached a maximum at Fl compared to dough stage at 22/12 °C, but it decreased rapidly thereafter. In contrast to N concentration, NSC concentration in stems was lowest at 27/12 °C; also, moisture stress from Bt or Tg stages decreased NSC concentration. Like N content, NSC content was reduced in proportion to the duration of moisture stress. High temperature, N fertilizer, and moisture stress from Tg or Bt stages (conditions favoring high grain protein) increased the proportion of the vegetative organs’ weight loss, between Fl and Hvst, that was N-linked. The amount of NSC-associated dry matter lost from stems during grain filling was generally greater for late or low moisture stressed plants, for plants grown under cooler conditions, and for plants grown at higher N rates (conditions favoring greater grain yields). Of the moisture treatments, stress applied from Fl increased NSC-associated dry matter lost from stems the most, probably suggesting that assimilate translocation was used by the plant to compensate for reduced flag-leaf-produced photosynthate. Respiration losses associated with NSC translocation from stems to heads was greater at 22/12° than at 17/12 °C; there was little NSC translocation apparent at T27/12 °C.Key words: Plant nitrogen, soluble sugars, nitrogen effect, temperature effect, moisture stress effect, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The Response of Wheat to High Temperature Following Anthesis. I. The Rate and Duration of Kernel Filling.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
L Moncur
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown to anthesis at 18/13�C day/night and either retained at 18/13�C or transferred to a higher temperature (24/19 or 30/25�C) for the grain-filling period. It was confirmed that high temperature resulted in a considerable drop in kernel dry weight at maturity and there was significant cultivar variation in the degree of the response. ranging from a 30 to 60% decrease in kernel dry weight at maturity for a rise in temperature from 18/13 to 30/25�C. An analysis of the rate and duration of kernel filling of seven cultivars showed that those cultivars most tolerant of high temperature during kernel filling (least reduction of kernel dry weight at maturity) were those where the rate of kernel filling was most enhanced by high temperature, i.e. the increased rate compensated for the reduced duration of kernel filling. The importance of the rate of kernel filling in determining varietal responses to high temperature illustrates the need to isolate the effect of temperature on processes in the kernel during the linear phase of growth.

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