Social Systems of Africa

Africa ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Thurnwald
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Entire System ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe study of the social problems of Africa demands primarily a definite knowledge of the actual state of affairs, of the facts which to-day represent the fundamental conditions determining the direction in which the life of the natives is developing. It is not a question of one single manifestation or another, since whatever we may find anywhere as custom or practice is only part of an entire system, intimately connected also with the intellectual life of the people.

The sudden death of a millionaire: conversion and consensus in a Ghanaian kingdom

Africa ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Contradictory Belief ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe unexpected death of a citizen in 1977 triggered a series of events in one small Ghanaian kingdom, pointing to confusion in the locally accepted criteria for Christian conversion and to contradictions in the avenues to status and power. Since the deceased was a millionaire businessman, something of a huckster, and a person who was at the centre of an unusually complex constellation of social ties, his death forced the people of his local community to re-examine the relationships between traditional religion and Christianity, and between wealth, religious adherence and the display of status and prestige. There was long and bitter hostility between the two towns to which this man was affiliated by descent. Each town competed for the glory of ; claiming him as a member, and while once he too would have desired that, logically it could not be. There was also perennial conflict between the factions within the kingdom's capital. This enhanced the drama and helped explain the urgency of the respective townspeople's attempts to resolve the underlying structural contradictions which became manifest in the events following the death to their own advantage. At the same time this is the story of a self-made man, unusual largely because of his extreme wealth, who understood conflict and ambiguity, and who manipulated the social structure in which he found himself to his own advantage. The funeral of this one man, who simultaneously entertained contradictory belief systems and juggled opposing attributes of leadership, mobilised the attention of the entire population of both towns. It did so precisely because the ritual of his funeral was used to ‘describe in advance a desired but uncertain state of affairs. It [ritual] is about power and is itself more or less political’ (MacGaffey, 1986: 11, emphasis added).

Personality and Social Contexts as Sources of Change and Continuity Across the Life Span

2018 ◽  
pp. 750-776
Author(s):  
Abigail J. Stewart ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Participation

This chapter provides a framework designed to address how individual persons respond to changes and continuities in social systems and historical circumstances at different life stages and in different generations. We include a focus on systematic differences among the people who experience these changes in the social environment—differences both in the particular situations they find themselves in and in their personalities. Using examples from research on divorce, immigration, social movement participation, and experiences of catastrophic events, we make a case for an integrated personality and social psychology that extends the analysis across time and works within socially and historically important contexts.

scholarly journals Minangkabau Community in the Collection of Kaki Yang Terhormat Short Story by Gus Tf Sakai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-135
Author(s):  
Habibullah Karami ◽  
Aruna Laila ◽  
Wahyudi Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Science System ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
The Many ◽  
Livelihood System

The problem in this study is the many forms of social reality of the Minangkabau people in Collection of Kaki Yang Terhormat Short Story by Gus Tf Sakai. This problem is the main reference to find out what the social reality of the Minangkabau community is in the Collection of Kaki Yang Terhormat Short Story by Gus Tf Sakai from the perspective of the author. This type of research is qualitative research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data in this study are in the form of words, sentences and dialogues related to Minangkabau social reality. The data source in this study is a Collection of Kaki Yang Terhormat Short Story by Gus Tf Sakai. The results of this studyillustrate the social reality of the Minangkabau people that occur from cultures or  traditions that have been born from their ancestors, which are customs or that have become identities for the people in Minangkabau or from habits that occur repeatedly and are designated as traditions for the Minangkabau people. Based on this, social reality of the Minangkabau people in Collection of Kaki Yang Terhormat Short Story by Gus Tf Sakai in terms of (1) language, there are Minang languages and Indonesian languages; (2) the science system, regarding takambang nature to become a teacher; (3) social systems / social systems, in the form of traditions that become the identity of the Minangkabaucommunity; (4) equipment / equipment, regarding equipment / characteristics for the Minangkabau community which is a necessity for life and culture of the Minangkabau community; (5) livelihood system, regarding work for the Minangkabau people (6) arts, concerning the motion art possessed by the Minangkabau people namely silek, and (7) religious systems, regarding culture to surau for adolescents in Minangkabau.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BORDER TERRITORIES OF RUSSIA IN THE VIEWS OF THE PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D-N. DAGBAEVA ◽  
◽  
L.M. KHANDAZAPOVA ◽  
N.B. LUBSANOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Climate Change Awareness of the Community Officials in the Municipality of Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte: Gear towards Vulnerability and Adaption

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Climate Change Community ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Saint Bernard

Eastern Visayas is constantly experiencing a series of calamities since the tragic mudslide in the community of Guinsaugon Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte in 2006. As a result, the state of calamity declared in almost every part the country due to heavy rains that devastated agriculture, livestock and properties. This study was conducted to assess the level of the community officials’ related awareness on climate change, more particular on its cause and effect, thought and belief, and the course of action through community ordinances related to climate change. The study utilizes the descriptive survey method of research. Data was analyzed and interpreted using weighted mean and percentages to describe the level of awareness of the elected officials towards climate change. Majority agreed that climate change is happening and presently affecting the people in the community. Thought of respondents towards climate change is highly coupled with religious thinking. Actual state of affairs (situation) is the priority of the community officials leading to the inaccurate expectation of the long term effect of climate change. Community officials’ awareness on the causes and effect of climate change is observable but limited on vulnerability and adaptation. Thus, additional exposure and depth understanding on climate change is recommended.   Keywords- Climate change, awareness, political and social responsibilities, descriptive-survey, Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Partisanship, Territorialism, and Transregional Networks of Belonging

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Junaid Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Affairs

Chapter 1 sketches the historical and transregional context of the project, examining two acrimonious episodes local to twentieth-century Egypt to lay bare the ever-present background contexts of Muslim history and the greater Muslim world. Paying close attention to the social and political developments that dominated Egyptian intellectual life at the turn of the century, I examine two exchanges between Bakhīt and Rashīd Riḍā to lay out the terrain of partisanship and territorialism that so heavily structured Cairo’s intellectual scene in the early twentieth century. As a result of what Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen has termed the “Salafi Press,” the previous monopoly on Islamic interpretation held by the Azharī ulama began to loosen, and the latter began to sense their authority being threatened. These resulted in bitter polemics but also, I argue, a substantial reconfiguration of the intellectual landscape simply by virtue of the indefatigable onslaught of the Modernists, especially Riḍā. This state of affairs motivated the ulama to draw on resources that exceeded their specific context both historically and geographically, resulting in a certain rearrangement of authority that relied on older structural features of the madhhab to create new networks of belonging and allegiance.

scholarly journals Loneliness among older people as a social problem: the perspectives of medicine, religion and economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
WERNER SCHIRMER ◽  
DIMITRIS MICHAILAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Systems Medicine ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Constructionist Approach

ABSTRACTThis article offers a theoretical framework for studying loneliness among older people from a social problems perspective. The framework combines the constructionist approach to social problems (Spector and Kitsuse) and systems theory (Luhmann). Based on the first approach, we understand the social problem of loneliness among older people to be the result of claims-making activities by different key actors. These activities are guided by underlying moralities, causalities and solutions. With the second approach, we can explain how social problems are framed differently within different social systems. The proposed framework is primarily aimed at researchers studying social (in contrast to bio-medical or psychological) aspects of loneliness among older people. It helps not only to guide research designs in order to address conflicting perspectives, rationalities and interests but also to enable researchers to grasp fully how ‘loneliness among older people’ is attributed (potentially shifting) meanings through communicative acts by influential stakeholders in the ‘social problems industry‘. Combining constructionism and Luhmann's theory also helps to interpret and explain concrete claims-making concerning loneliness as a social problem. The argument in this article is illustrated via three different social systems: medicine, religion and economy. Loneliness among older people appears to be something different from each of these perspectives: as a matter of health and illness, of spirituality, and of incentives and commodities, respectively.

Persuasion and Satire in the Malian Theatre

Africa ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Cultural Entity

Opening ParagraphDuring the decade from 1958 to 1968 when Mali was ruled by a socialistically inclined, modernization-oriented party, the Union Soudanaise-Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, the Malian theatre was one of the principal ways in which the ideas and programmes of the government were put forward. The purpose of this article is to explore the relations between the theatre as an art form and as a channel for ideas in Mali, and to evaluate the consequences for action of the ideas contained in the theatre. My data are based on my observations of the theatre in a provincial town; my theme is that the Malian theatre was consciously didactic, reflecting the propaganda ends of the government, but that the tradition of stagecraft on which the theatre was based emphasized satire. The gap between the didactic language sought by exponents of the government and the satirical language favoured by the people in the audience was frequently covered by combining the two, often to the detriment of the theatre itself. To understand this we have to look at the content of the plays, as well as at the social context in which they occurred, and at the form of the vehicle. The processes of combining form and content into a cultural entity that would unify rather than divide are what makes the study of the theatre rewarding for the anthropology of aesthetics and creativity.

scholarly journals KONTEKSTULISASI DAN REPOSISI FUNGSI WAKAF DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-184
Author(s):  
Moh. Subhan
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Management Pattern ◽  
Financial Leasing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Aspect

The discourse on waqf recently appears the back to the surface. It not only discusses about the opinion of the fiqh scholars who have no uniform about understanding and nature waqf  itself, but also to reform and optimize waqf  in order to do more, namely to superintend the social problems of society, related to the prosperity of the economy of the people. Therefore, contextualization and repositioning of waqf institutions becomes a necessiry for immediate implementation. The function and role of waqf is very large in supporting the development and progress of the muslims. Therefore the management of waqf must be able to be optimized. Tragically the management of waqf in Indonesia is still not maximized, so there are some waqf property abandoned in its management, some even missing. This is due to the waqf management still uses traditional-consumptive management pattern. Efforts to develop waqf to be productive and productive, there are four things to note; Institutional aspect, accounting aspect, auditing aspect and aspect of nadhir. If these four aspects can be met, then the utilization of waqf will be more efficient. There are several forms of models that can be run by the manager of waqf, such as by holding Sharia banks as a partner with schema of mura>bah}ah, istis}na>’, ija>rah muntahiyah bi al-tamli>k (financial leasing with purchase option), muza>ra’ah, qard} al-h}asan, musha>rakah (partnership) and mud}a>rabah muqayyadah.

scholarly journals Waqf Development in Indonesia: Challenges Faced by Muhammadiyah Waqf Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Fahmi Medias ◽  
Eko Kurniasih Pratiwi ◽  
Khotibul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Training ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> As a potential financial instrument, waqf has played an essential role in resolving the social problems of the society (ummah). Although Indonesia has long applied the existence of waqf, it has not had an impact on providing an optimal contribution to the welfare of the people. Several studies identified patterns of administration in the management of waqf. The purpose of this study aims to identify and explore the model of empowerment of Mahammadiyah waqf land in Magelang and its challenges in the development of the ummah. The study method used to collect data was descriptive qualitative and interviews, which covered the areas administered by the Mahammadiyah. About 78% of these areas are empowered in the form of educational and worship facilities. However, it was observed that empowerment of the land in Magelang was not optimized due to lack of financial resources, unproductivity, and the presence of incompetent and professional Nazhirs. The solution to these problems is through collaboration with financial institutions in collecting cash equivalents, land specifications, formulating a special legal framework for empowering Muhammadiyah waqf, and training for the development of the capacity of the areas.</p><p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Sebagai instrumen finansial yang potensial, wakaf memiliki peran penting dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan sosial masyarakat (ummah). Meski keberadaan wakaf sudah lama diterapkan di Indonesia, namun belum berdampak pada memberikan kontribusi yang optimal bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Beberapa penelitian mengidentifikasi pola administrasi dalam pengelolaan wakaf. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendalami model pemberdayaan lahan wakaf mahammadiyah di Magelang dan tantangannya dalam perkembangan umat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan wawancara meliputi wilayah-wilayah yang dikelola Mahammadiyah. Sekitar 78% dari wilayah tersebut diberdayakan dalam bentuk sarana pendidikan dan ibadah. Namun, teramati bahwa pemberdayaan tanah di Magelang belum optimal karena kurangnya sumber daya finansial, tidak produktif, dan adanya Nazhir yang tidak kompeten dan profesional. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah melalui kerjasama dengan lembaga keuangan dalam pengumpulan setara kas, spesifikasi tanah, penyusunan kerangka hukum khusus pemberdayaan wakaf Muhammadiyah, dan pelatihan pengembangan kapasitas daerah.</p>

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