Land Reform among the Mbeere of Central Kenya

Africa ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brokensha ◽  
Jack Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
South West ◽  
Tana River ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Central Kenya

Opening ParagraphThe Mbeere live in the area east of Mount Kenya and south-west of the Tana River. Numbering just under 50,000 they are ethnographically much less well known than their related neighbours the Kikuyu, Embu, Meru, and Kamba. In this paper we first outline the social organization, then the system of land rights, continuing to describe the government's programme of land reform, concluding by assessing the probable consequences of changes in land tenure.

scholarly journals Exploring How Land Tenure Affects Farmers’ Landscape Values: Evidence from a Choice Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4321
Author(s):  
Sofía Monroy-Sais ◽  
Eduardo García-Frapolli ◽  
Francisco Mora ◽  
Margaret Skutsch ◽  
Alejandro Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Mexico ◽  
Landscape Attributes

Values play an important role in farmers’ land management decisions, becoming increasingly relevant when designing environmental policy. One key element that influences farming decisions is the land tenure under which farmers and their land are embedded, which represents different sets of rights for farmers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elicit farmers’ values regarding the social and ecological attributes of the landscape, and determine how these values vary according to differences in land rights. We performed this exercise in the two most important land tenure systems in rural Mexico. We carried out a choice experiment to understand preferences for different landscape attributes such as vegetation cover, surface water, terrain slope, and type of property. Then, we probed how these preferences change according to the land rights that farmers hold. We found that surface water was consistently the most important landscape attribute. However, there were clear differences that were related to land rights for some values, such as for example, vegetation cover. Institutional mechanisms such as boundary rules and conflicting values are part of the explanation of these differences. These results provide a bridge to understanding farmers’ management decisions, and in the future, improving sustainable development.

Fractured Governance and Local Frictions: The Exclusionary Nature of a Clandestine Land Market in Southern Zambia

Africa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Sitko
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
Rural Zambia

This article explores the ways in which efforts to expand private land tenure, coupled with the continued centrality of customary land administration in Zambia, produce a fractured system of land governance in which localized markets for land emerge but are forced to operate in a clandestine manner. Using ethnographic and archival data sources, I argue that despite the historical and contemporary relationship between land rights and economic ‘development’, the clandestine nature of land markets in rural Zambia tends to (re)produce many of the social ills that ‘development’ seeks to resolve. Using a case study of a clandestine market for land in a Tonga-speaking region of southern Zambia, this article shows how these markets undermine women's rights to land, while allowing for the consolidation of wealth and power in the hands of a few.

Some Swazi Views on Land Tenure

Africa ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphVirtually all sub-Saharan Africa is in the throes of rapid social and economic change. The recent fashion for meteorological allegories has merely served to stress the fact that these changes are also causing very considerable problems. The dilemma facing most administrations throughout the continent is that while much of the old way of life must inevitably disappear if the tribal groups involved are to hope to survive as viable populations in the modern world, this same process can, if it occurs too fast, threaten the whole social order and the systems of social control and social organization, which have hitherto bound them together as groups and governed the day-to-day lives of their members.

Southeast Asian Society: Dual or Multiple

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manning Nash
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
Social Unity

In the study of social integration, there is continual interplay between fact and concept. As new societies come into the ken of social science, theory and method are stretched or hammered to take account of the novel modes of social solidarity. We have not yet come to terms with the diversity, the breaks in social organization, or the social norms that give Southeast Asian societies their particular forms of integration.One of the earliest general apprehensions of the nature of social organization in Southeast Asia was put forth in 1910 by J. H. Boeke. This keenly observant Dutch administrator held that there existed from the Indian subcontinent to Japan a special sort of Asian society and culture, the dual society, based on die following major features: it was governed by tradition, and its people were spatially immobile; it was a rural society based on a corporate land tenure system; it was a consumer economy; and it was integrated by religious norms. In Boeke's widely known one-line summary, Asian society is essentially a “religious community of food-crop cultivators all belonging to the same clan or social unity.” There is a sort of Gemeinschaft, an organic unity of peasant cultivators, held togetlier by a value system of a sacred order and subordinating economic activity to the continuity of the social structure.

The Social Structure of the Nyakyusa: a Re-evaluation

Africa ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Mckenny
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Western Tanzania

Opening ParagraphThe Nyakyusa of south-western Tanzania have received very substantial ethnographic coverage. Nonetheless there remain certain gaps in our knowledge of this society. The field-work by Dr. Godfrey Wilson and Professor Monica Wilson was done largely in the mid 1930s before structural-functional analysis had achieved its present refinement and was evidently influenced by Malinowski who was not himself known for a concern in sociological analysis per se. In these studies of the Nyakyusa, values, beliefs, and ritual were a main object of attention; they present Nyakyusa society as though it were a direct result of the Nyakyusa value system, although the actual workings of the society have been left rather obscure. It is presented as coherent, values and social organization reinforcing each other at every point. But internal evidence contradicts this picture, and on a priori grounds it may also be seen that there were several structural pressures towards incoherence, or rather, conflict between the actual development of social organization through time and those presumably timeless values reputed to maintain it.

Land tenure and agrarian change in Kenya

Africa ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Haugerud
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Agricultural Intensity ◽  
Private Rights ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Opening ParagraphThis article examines the relationship of formal and informal land-tenure systems to processes of agrarian change. Although it is often assumed that formal legal recognition of private rights in land can help to transform agriculture, causal links between particular tenure systems and agrarian processes are not easily demonstrated. It is difficult to separate the effects of land tenure from those of a host of other influences on agriculture. A number of studies have pointed to causal relationships among high population density, agricultural intensity, and individualisation of land rights (Podolefsky, 1987). Nevertheless, formal privatisation per se may have relatively little effect on processes of agrarian change, even in an economy where land is productive and scarce and where its distribution is relatively unequal.

Rural protest, land policy and the planning process on the Bakolori Project, Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Project Appraisal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphIn the literature and accumulated folk wisdom of development in rural Africa there are numerous instances of government projects which are expensive, ineffective and unpopular. These include now classic failures of the past, such as the Tanganyika Groundnuts Scheme (Wood, 1950; Frankel, 1953), which are still cited as cautionary tales demonstrating the need for proper project appraisal. There are also numerous more recent examples, for the phenomenon of failure has persisted and governments and international agencies continue to implement schemes ‘little better planned than their more spectacularly misbegotten predecessors’ (Hill, 1978: 25). Among recent initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa the large-scale irrigation projects developed in northern Nigeria during the 1970s have attracted particularly extensive adverse criticism. This has focused on the social and economic impact of the introduction of irrigation and particularly on questions of land tenure (inter alia Wallace, 1979, 1980, 1981; Oculi, 1981; Adams, 1982, 1984; Palmer-Jones, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). A number of accounts discuss technical aspects of the land survey carried out at Bakolori {Bird, 1981, 1984, 1985; Griffith, 1984), while others focus on economic problems (e.g. Etuk and Abalu, 1982). However, although economic and technical aspects of these developments have been criticised, it is the social impacts of project development and more particularly the political responses to those impacts which are of greatest interest (Wallace, 1980; Adams, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). This paper examines the bature of the response of farmers affected by one of these schemes, the Bakolori Project in Sokoto State.

scholarly journals ASAS FUNGSI SOSIAL HAK ATAS TANAH PADA NEGARA HUKUM (SUATU TINJAUAN DARI TEORI, YURIDIS DAN PENERAPANNYA DI INDONESIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triana Rejekiningsih ,
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the nature of the social function principles of land rights within the theoretical and juridical perspective and its implementation in Indonesia. This research used the sociological or empirical research method to view the effectiveness of law in society. The result of research shows that the nature of social function principles of land rights theoretically is an acknowledgement of individual, social, and public interests in lands. The juridical basis of the social function principles of land rights refered to Article 6 of Law Number 5 of 1960 regarding Basic Regulations for Agrarian welfare. The social function principles are materialized in various law norms that are land reform, land consolidation, land redistribution, abandoned land controlling, and land provision for public interest. The government through the National Land Agency controls land affairs as to protect its citizens’ land rights. The implementation of the social function principles of land rights is also done through the community empowerment program, namely: Pokmasdartibnah (community groups which are aware of land affairs) established by the National Land Agency and participation through Consortium Agrarian Reform, which establishes Damara (Advanced Land Reform) villages. Keywords: Social function principles, theory, implementation Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hakekat asas fungsi sosial atas tanah baik dalam tinjauan teori, yuridis, dan penerapannya di Indonesia. Penelitian hukum ini bersifat sosiologis atau empiris untuk melihat efektivitas hukum di masyarakat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah secara teori merupakan pengakuan atas kepentingan perorangan, kepentingan sosial dan kepentingan umum atas tanah. Landasan yuridis asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah, didasarkan pada Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang Pokok-Pokok Agraria sebagai amanah konstitusi tentang pentingnya perlindungan tanah bagi sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah diwujudkan dalam berbagai norma hukum, tentang landreform, konsolidasi tanah, redistribusi tanah, penertiban tanah-tanah terlantar, dan pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum. Pemerintah melalui BPN, melakukan pengendalian pertanahan untuk memberikan perlindungan hak-hak warga negara atas tanah. Penerapan asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah juga dilakukan melalui program pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan membentuk Pokmasdartibnah (Kelompok Masyarakat Sadar Tertib Pertanahan) oleh BPN, dan adanya partisipasi Konsorsium Pembaharuan Agraria (KPA) membentuk Desa Maju Reforma Agraria (Damara). Kata Kunci : asas fungsi sosial hak atas tanah, teori, penerapan

scholarly journals Analysis of Revocation of Land Rights by the Government Reviewed from the Concept of Loss

Cepalo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Natasha Marcella Geovanny ◽  
Marchelina Theresia ◽  
Devina Felicia Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The control of land by the state is stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). Based on this article, it means that the State has authority over land tenure, this encourages the writing of a journal on the application of social functions and the determination of compensation that occurs in the land sector. This research was conducted because the authors see that there are still many disputes related to the implementation of the social function itself and the application of the determination of compensation as stipulated in the provisions relating to this matter it is caused because the application in real life has not been running optimally. This study aims to find out how the government’s authority should be for land tenure and its relation to social functions and the determination of compensation. The location used as a case study is located in Batu Jaya Village, Tangerang City. Data collection is done by interviewing several related parties and also conducting a literature study by finding sources related to government authority over land tenure, the concept of social functions, and the determination of compensation. The results of this study indicate that the government has the power to grant land rights and revoke land rights in the public interest.

Chiefship and Politics in the Mlanje District of Southern Nyasaland

Africa ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
R. L. Wishlade
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphMlanje is an Administrative District in the Southern Province of Nyasaland. It is densely populated compared with other parts of Central Africa, having a population of 209,522 in 1945, which represented a density of 138 per square mile. The population is tribally heterogeneous, and was composed, in 1945, of 71 per cent. Nguru, 21 per cent. Nyanja, and 5 per cent. Yao people. The Nguru are the most recent arrivals, having immigrated into Nyasaland mainly during the present century. The term Nguru is used to refer to the representatives in Nyasaland of a number of tribes inhabiting that part of Portuguese East Africa which Lies to the east of Nyasaland; these immigrants call themselves Lomwe and in Mlanje are mainly Mihavani and Kokola. The Nyanja are the indigenous inhabitants of the area, who were living there before the invasion of the Mangoche Yao during the nineteenth century. Although they are linguistically distinct, the social organization of these three groups is markedly similar, and there has been a great deal of intermarriage between them, particularly between the Nyanja and the Nguru. No one of them is in sole occupation of a continuous stretch of territory, even the smallest residential groups are often tribally heterogeneous, the similarity of the social organization enabling Nyanja to be absorbed into Nguru hamlets and vice versa. For this reason it is impossible to use a tribal unit as a unit of reference in a discussion of the political organization of this area.

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