scholarly journals The Evolution of the League of Nations

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-826
Author(s):  
William E. Rappard
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Historical Periods

All living organisms, no matter how minute or insignificant, when examined through the microscope, appear enormous, intricate, and extraordinarily active. Similarly, the world at large, when considered through the microscope of contemporary analysis, has no doubt, at all historical periods, struck its immediate witnesses as being infinitely complex and eventful. Is it, then, a mere delusion if the flow of recent and current happenings impresses us as being exceptionally uneven and rapid in its course, as resembling indeed a swollen Alpine torrent at the melting of the snow in the spring?I believe not. I believe that, even viewed in the perspective of centuries, the last ten years will be characterized by the future historian as an epoch of extraordinarily numerous and radical changes.To consider the world in its political aspects only, what previous decade has witnessed as many momentous events as the last? The final, decisive struggle and the end of the greatest war that has ever taken place. In Europe alone, the crumbling of four of the most powerful monarchies. The setting up or resurrection of seven or eight new or reborn sovereign entities.

scholarly journals Le basculement vers le Sud de la politque de défense de l’Espagne (Note)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-609
Author(s):  
Alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Political Action ◽  
World Order ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World Government ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
World Organization

Entering the 21st century, the question facing mankind is whether we will be able to find, agree upon and activate solutions adequate to resolve world problems which have plagued the 20th century and which increasingly threaten the 21 st. The central argument presented here is that it is only by taking concrete steps at the world level that we can hope to reduce or eliminate the threat to survival which these problems represent. In order to provide a framework from which prospects for the future of the world organization can be analysed, the "world order" perspective is compared with a more traditional perspective. The challenges that world problems and crises pose for the world organization are examined. Using the fundamental changes undergone by both the League of Nations and the United Nations as an historical basis for scrutinizing the future, the changes that increasingly complex problems may force on the world organization are explored. Changes such as a "reinforced United Nations" (without delegation of sovereignty), a "World Authority" (with partial delegation of sovereignty) or a "World Government" (with major delegation of sovereignty) are evaluated in terms of the world organization' s ability to handle potential world crises and problems. The conclusion establishes that there is a pressing need for immediate political action which would aim towards a coalition of all groups researching solutions to world problems and would be based on the "world order" ideology of the majority rather than the "world-oriented" ideology of a self-interested minority.

Woodrow Wilson and Germany's Membership in the League of Nations, 1918–19

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schwabe
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Minister ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
The World ◽  
German Republic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

On January 15, 1919, Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, recently appointed foreign minister of the German Republic, concluded a press conference with the following appeal:We demand a policy of reconciliation …, a policy which realizes a genuine … League of Nations. But we will be asked whom we are introducing into this League. Then we must be able to say: “We are introducing a united people that wants peace in the world and is willing to enter the lists for every progress of mankind. …”With these words the German minister gave expression to an ideal that had inspired many left-wing liberals and pacifists in Germany during the war, and that had been taken up by the spokesmen of the newly proclaimed German Republic immediately after the armistice. To them, as well as to Brockdorff, the future League of Nations, in the way it was going to be constituted, was to become the test of the spirit in which the peace would be concluded. The crucial point was whether, and if so on what terms, it would include the new German Republic. If it admitted Germany on equal terms, it would thus demonstrate that it would be a universal organization, open to all democratic nations and in line with the aspirations of the moderate Left of Europe.

scholarly journals Håbets Fælde? Fortryllelse og universel skolegang i Uganda og Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Meinert ◽  
Mette Kølner
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Proper Form ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Argument ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Over Time

Lotte Meinert & Mette Kølner: The Trap of Hope? Enchantment and Universal Education in Uganda and Tanzania This article challenges the apparent global consensus, hope and belief in schooling as a primary tool for making the world a better place. Schooling is enchanting as an idea, because it entails a promise of improvement in the future – at political as well as individual levels. Based on missionary accounts and empirical cases of schooling in Uganda and Tanzania, we attempt to identify the enchantment and seduction that lures people into what appears to be moral traps. Despite endless examples of people who go through schooling without being able to materialise the hope that schooling will lead to a way out of poverty, why do parents keep sending children to school and why do children keep insisting on the importance of education? To answer this question we are inspired by Alfred Gell’s thoughts about enchantment (1992) and traps (1996). We point to the problems and social dynamics that are set in motion when the future cannot fulfill the promise of being the “modern and salaried citizens” which children start believing in as the only proper form of personhood during their school years. An important argument in the article is that the enchantment and entrapment of schooling is dynamic. It is not static and totally blinding, but a continuous and contested social process fluctuating between trust and distrust, enchantment and disenchantment. The hope and belief in education varies over time, during changing political discourses, historical periods and in individuals’ and families’ lives depending on experience, possibilities and structural limitations. We attempt to grasp the ambivalence and apparent contradictions that are inherent in schooling locally, by drawing a nuanced picture of the magical as well as the hopeless sides of schooling in East Africa.Keywords: Schooling, enchantment, hope, trap, Uganda, Tanzania. 

scholarly journals Smart city of the 22 century: a closing circle

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Zlata Gaevskaya ◽  
Sergey Mityagin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Energy Internet ◽  
Vertical Control ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Living Organisms

Communications of people or devices eliminate the basic principles of vertical control. New technological breakthroughs based on the energy Internet will change the way people interact with each other and the environment. This brings them together with living organisms. In the world of nature, all life processes take place on the principle of a "closing circle". The "smart" city of the XX century will be built according to completely new energy, and economic models and ways of interacting with the nature. Digital urban development of the future should involve biosphere content.

Origin of the System of Mandates Under the League of Nations

1922 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitman B. Potter
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Present System ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indefinite Future ◽  
Mandate System

The present arrangements for the government of the colonial territories taken from Germany and Turkey in the World War, arrangements which may collectively be described as the system of mandates under the League of Nations, may work well or they may work badly. They may persist into an indefinite future, they may come to an abrupt termination and leave nothing of their own kind in their place, or, most probable of all, they may be progressively modified in one way or another with the passage of time and changes of circumstances. But, whatever happens hereafter, the present system is now an accomplished fact, and will necessarily be taken as the basis for any action in the future. The apparent inclination of at least one great power to insist upon all its rights in former German and Turkish territories now under mandate to other powers, and the firmness of the latter in defending their position under the mandate system, indicate, further, that the present system has already created rights, interests, and claims on one side and another which will call for constant consideration and regulation as time goes on.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

Two Years after the Crisis: Do Risks of the Second Wave Become Stronger?

2011 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
World Economy ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Global Imbalances ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second Wave

With signs of normalization seemingly in place in the world economy, a number of problems show the possibility of aggravation in the future. The volume of derivatives in American banks grows significantly, high risk instruments are back in place and their use becomes more active, global imbalances increase. All of the above requires thorough approaches when creating mechanisms which can neutralize external shocks for the Russian economy and make it possible to develop in the new post-crisis environment.

Penerapan Rinfo Sebagai Media Pendukung Untuk Proses Pembelajaran Pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Khanna Tiara ◽  
Ray Indra Taufik Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Life Education ◽  
New Generation

Education is an important factor in human life. According to Ki Hajar Dewantara, education is a civilizing process that a business gives high values ??to the new generation in a society that is not only maintenance but also with a view to promote and develop the culture of the nobility toward human life. Education is a human investment that can be used now and in the future. One other important factor in supporting human life in addition to education, which is technology. In this globalization era, technology has touched every joint of human life. The combination of these two factors will be a new innovation in the world of education. The innovation has been implemented by Raharja College, namely the use of the method iLearning (Integrated Learning) in the learning process. Where such learning has been online based. ILearning method consists of TPI (Ten Pillars of IT iLearning). Rinfo is one of the ten pillars, where it became an official email used by the whole community’s in Raharja College to communicate with each other. Rinfo is Gmail, which is adapted from the Google platform with typical raharja.info as its domain. This Rinfo is a medium of communication, as well as a tool to support the learning process in Raharja College. Because in addition to integrated with TPi, this Rinfo was connected also support with other learning tools, such as Docs, Drive, Sites, and other supporting tools.

THE GENESIS OF CONSERVATIVE IDEOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS IN THE POLITICAL REFORM OF MODERN COUNTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA AND FRANCE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
MARIETA EPREMYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Reform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Conservatism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article examines the epistemological roots of conservative ideology, development trends and further prospects in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in other countries. The author focuses on the “world” and Russian conservatism. In the course of the study, the author illustrates what opportunities and limitations a conservative ideology can have in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in the world. In conclusion, it is concluded that the prospect of a conservative trend in the world is wide enough. To avoid immigration and to control the development of technology in society, it is necessary to adhere to a conservative policy. Conservatism is a consolidating ideology. It is no coincidence that the author cites as an example the understanding of conservative ideology by the French due to the fact that Russia has its own vision of the ideology of conservatism. If we say that conservatism seeks to preserve something and respects tradition, we must bear in mind that traditions in different societies, which form some kind of moral imperatives, cannot be a single phenomenon due to different historical destinies and differing religious views. Considered from the point of view of religion, Muslim and Christian conservatism will be somewhat confrontational on some issues. The purpose of the work was to consider issues related to the role, evolution and prospects of conservative ideology in the political reform of modern countries. The author focuses on Russia and France. To achieve this goal, the method of in-depth interviews with experts on how they understand conservatism was chosen. Already today, conservatism is quite diverse. It is quite possible that in the future it will transform even more and acquire new reflections.

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