Children's Ability to Demonstrate Music Concept Discriminations in Listening and Singing

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Discrimination Condition ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Musical Elements

This study examined the relationship of grade level to children s ability to make musical discriminations when elements are presented simultaneously. Children enrolled in first through fifth grade were subjects for this study (N = 669). A listening test designed to assess the subjects' ability to discriminate and label contrasting musical characteristics related to tempo and articulation within single- and double-discrimination contexts was administered following a brief instructional period. A smaller sample of children (n = 60) then completed a singing task in which they were required to perform a familiar song to demonstrate varied combinations of the two musical elements. Results of the listening test indicated significant main effects for grade, characteristic, and type of discrimination, with significant interactions. Subjects were significantly more successful with single discriminations than double discriminations, and mean scores for tempo were significantly higher than for articulation, particularly under the double discrimination condition. When singing subjects demonstrated contrasting tempi and smooth articulation but had difficulty with choppy articulation, both in single-element as well as combined-element examples.

scholarly journals Who can enjoy the unavoidable emotional labor

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-742
Author(s):  
SeungGeun Baeck ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
ChangGoo Heo
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to examine the positive effect of self-monitoring among emotional display rules (fostering positive emotion(FPE) & suppressing negative emotion(SNE)) and consequential work attitude (job burnout & work engagement). A sample of 191 hotel employees were participated in this study and data were analyzed by SPSS. The results are as follows. First, the main effect of FPE on work engagement was supported, but the main effect of SNE on job burnout was not. Second, the main effects of self-monitoring on engagement and burnout were supported. Third, the moderation effects of self-monitoring which buffer the relationship of SNE on burnout and which facilitate the relationship FPE on engagement were significant. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.

scholarly journals Gender, Marital Status and Life Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore N Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

*This paper uses materials from the World Values Survey and the EuropeanValues Study from 2006-2014 to study the relationship of gender and maritalstatus to life satisfaction. In an analysis of 103,217 respondents from 81nations I find that while there do not seem to be main effects of gender onlife satisfaction – that is, women are no more or less satisfied with theirlives than are men -- gender moderates the effects of geographical region,age, employment status, education, religious affiliation, and attendance ofreligious services on life satisfaction. In particular, there aresubstantial differences in the effects of marital status on lifesatisfaction by gender. The gender differences in most effects are sosubstantial that I argue that it makes no sense to analyze lifesatisfaction data without performing separate analyses by gender. *

scholarly journals The Relationship of Parenting Styles to Social Phobia among Early Adolescent Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Esraa J. Hamdan ◽  
Ahmad Y. Al-Jawarneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at investigating the relationship of parenting styles with social phobia among a sample of 1028 early adolescent students. To achieve the objective of the study, short forms of the parenting styles scale and a social phobia scale were used.Results showed that the participants' highest scores were on the father's authoritative and mother's authoritative parenting styles. In addition, there were significant interactions between gender and grade level on all parenting styles. The results also showed statistically significant differences in social phobia due to gender, grade level and the interaction between them, for gender was females scored higher than males. With regard to grade level seventh graders scored higher than eighth graders.The results indicated that there were significant relationships between parenting styles and social phobia, with the exception of the relationship between mother's authoritative parenting style and social phobia. Regarding the parenting styles predicting social phobia by gender, it was found that for males and females, the predictive parenting styles were: Mother's permissive parenting style and father's authoritarian parenting style. Regarding the parenting styles predicting social phobia by grade level, it was found that for seventh grade, the predictive styles were: Mother's permissive parenting style, father's permissive parenting style and father's authoritative parenting style, respectively. For eighth grade, the predictive styles were: Father's permissive parenting style, mother's permissive parenting style and father's authoritarian parenting style. 

Effects of Verbal and Verbal-Motor Responses on Meter Conceptualization in Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth-Grade Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Russell L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Response Mode ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effects

My purpose was to determine the effects of grade level and response mode on the ability of second-semester third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students to identify and conceptualize meter in music. Thirty-six subjects at each grade level were divided into two response-mode groups. Subjects in the verbal-motor response groups were asked to respond verbally and to use specific conducting motions; verbal-response-mode subjects used only verbal responses. A two-way analysis of variance indicated that both main effects of grade level and response mode were significant, indicating that scores on the meter-concept test improved with increasing age and as a result of using the verbal-motor response mode. Analysis of simple effects indicated that fourth- and fifth-grade subjects in the verbal-motor response mode were superior to fourth- and fifth-grade subjects in the verbal response mode; mode of response, however, did not result in a significant difference in third-grade subjects.

Social Intelligence: A Concept in Search of Data

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke A. Shanley ◽  
Ronald E. Walker ◽  
Jeanne M. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Ninth Graders ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Iq Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

300 students from Grades 6, 9, and 12 (equally represented by males and females at each grade) were administered the Otis IQ test and six of Guilford's tests of social intelligence. The data were analyzed to ascertain the relationship between IQ and social intelligence and the effects of sex and grade level on social intelligence. The hypothesis that social intelligence increases with age was supported by the significant main effects which indicated that twelfth graders quite consistently scored higher than ninth graders who, in turn, scored higher than sixth graders. Females scored significantly higher than males on two of the six Guilford measures. The majority of the correlations between IQ and social intelligence were significant and those for the ninth grade students, in particular, were sufficiently high to raise questions about the independence of these two types of intelligence.

scholarly journals Relationship of physical activity and dietary habits with body mass index in the transition from childhood to adolescence: a 4-year longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10A) ◽  
pp. 1722-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Haerens ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Lea Maes ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frequency Of Sports Participation

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between several physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviours and BMI Z-score and to investigate the relationship between changes in these variables and in the BMI Z-score over a 4-year period from childhood to adolescence.DesignLongitudinal study in which children were included in the fifth grade and measured for four consecutive years. Dietary and PA behaviours as well as height and weight were measured by means of self-reported validated questionnaires.SettingFifty-nine Flemish elementary schools.SubjectsThe baseline sample consisted of 51·9 % boys and the mean age was 10 (sd 0·4) years. During the first measurement year (2002), data on 1670 fifth graders were gathered. These measurements were repeated after 1 (n 1557), 2 (n 1151) and 3 (n 807) years.ResultsSignificant inverse relationships with BMI Z-score were observed for frequency of breakfast consumption (β = −0·033, se = 0·012) and frequency of sports participation (β = −0·011, se = 0·004) across four time points. Significant inverse relationships between changes in BMI Z-score and changes in frequency of sports participation (β = −0·011, se = 0·006) and hours of physical education (PE; β = −0·052, se = 0·023) were observed, meaning that decreases in sports participation and hours spent in PE were associated with increases in BMI Z-score.ConclusionsThe present study provides an important insight into different dietary and PA behaviours related to (changes in) BMI Z-score during the transition from childhood to adolescence.

scholarly journals “Oppressed by Sensual Delight”: On a Lesbian Relationship with Rebecca Clarke’s Viola Sonata

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Logan Imans
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Style ◽  
Musical Analysis ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Musical Narrative ◽  
Lesbian Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Musical Elements

This paper explores Rebecca Clarke’s Viola Sonata (1919) through the experience of a lesbian relationship—a relationship that extends from the Sonata as experienced by a violist and scholar, to Clarke herself as a performer and composer. Inspired by the work of Suzanne Cusick, I examine the musical elements of the Viola Sonata that invite and enable a lesbian relationship in the music. Such elements include existence outside the phallic economy, porous ego boundaries, and a fluid positioning within the power/pleasure/intimacy triad. A central theme of Clarke’s compositional style is embodiment, which furthers the potential for a lesbian experience of the Viola Sonata through “body-aware” and performer-centric techniques. The poetic inscription for the Sonata, lines from Alfred de Musset’s “La nuit de mai,” serves to further construct a musical narrative of embodiment through the relationship of Poet and Muse. Without claiming that Clarke was a lesbian, this paper sheds light on the Viola Sonata by considering the relationships between performer, composer, and listener in a lesbian musical analysis.

scholarly journals Karakter Musikal Lagu Gedé Kepesindenan Karawitan Sunda

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Endah Irawan ◽  
R.M. Soedarsono ◽  
G.R. Lono L. Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Musical Skills ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
Puppet Show ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Process Interaction

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada tiga hal yaitu: (1) menemukan ciri-ciri musikal lagu gedé; (2)menunjukkan perbedaan relasi musikal antara lagu gedé dengan pertunjukan wayang golék dankiliningan; dan (3) menunjukkan kompleksitas hubungan garap di dalam lagu gedé, yaitu hubunganantara nyanyian sindén dengan nyanyian alok, rebaban, gambangan, dan kendangan. Penelitianini menggunakan pendekatan etnomusikologis didasarkan pada cara kerja ala Wim van Zanten,yaitu memadukan aspek musikologis dan antropologis. Musik ditempatkan sebagai objek utamasekaligus dasar relasinya dengan persoalan-persoalan kebudayaan dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa lagu gedé menunjukkan peran, proses, interaksi dan kompleksitas garapnyakhusus. Pada sisi pencipta lagu, lagu gedé diakui sebagai pengguritan yang sulit dan langka. Padasisi penyaji, membawakan lagu gedé diperlukan persyaratan seperti: modal vokal bagus, menguasaiperbendaharaan lagu dan laras, terampil menafsir garap lagu dan memberi sénggol-sénggol unik. Denganketiadaan lagu gedé, mutu garap kesenimanan sinden dan pangrawit dan jalinan interaksi kemampuanmusikal di antara pemeran garap vokal, rébab, gambang, dan kéndang mengalami keterbatasan.The Musical Characters of Lagu Gedé Kepesindenan on Sundanese Karawitan. The researchis mainly focused on the three things: (1) to find the musical characteristics of lagu gedé; (2) to show thedifference on the musical relationship of lagu gedé song with a puppet show and kiliningan; (3) to show thecomplexity of the working relationship on lagu gedé, such as the relationship between the singing of Sindenand the hymns of alok, rebaban, gambangan, and kendangan. The ethno musicological approach of lagugedé is based on the work method of Wim van Zanten which is a musical approach with an anthropologicalperspective. The two aspects – musicological and anthropological – are respectively combined. Music isintensively placed as the main object in order to discover the basis of its relation with cultural and socialissues. The results of the research on lagu gedé show the role, process, interaction, and complexity of the musicalinterpretation which are characterized by a slow tempo. From the composer’s point of view or the musicalcomposition, lagu gedé is recognized as a difficult and rare form of pengguritan. From the performers’ pointof view (the sinden or female vocalist and the pangrawit or musician), a number of special skills are requiredin performing lagu gedé. These may include a good voice, a good command of the musical repertoire, tuning,and musical composition, and the ability to interpret the music and provide the unique sénggol-sénggol aswell. By the absence of lagu gedé, there will be more limited quality of interpretation and artistry of thesinden and pangrawit, and the musical skills and interaction among the musicians (such as the vocalist,rébab, gambang, and kéndang players).

The Relationship of Strengthening Gift Of Christian’s Education Teacher With Students Learning Motivation for Class VI Students of SD Negeri 173105 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency Year 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Andrianus Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Education Teacher ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe research is aimed to determine the relationship of strengthening the gift of Christian education teacher with students learning motivation for class vi students of sd negeri 173105 tarutung, north tapanuli regency year 2019.  The research hypothesis was that there was a positive and significant relationship of strengthening gift of Christian education teacher with students learning motivation for class vi students of sd Negeri 173105 tarutung, north tapanuli the regency year 2019.  This study used quantitative inferential research methods. The research population was all grade VI students of SD Negeri 173105 Tarutung who were Christian, amounting to 56 people. The research sample is taken the entire population so that this study is a population study. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire. The questionnaire trial was conducted on 10 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 173131 Tarutung.The research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis techniques with the following steps: 1) The relationship test found that r count r table was 0.673 0.266. It can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between Giving Strengthening with Learning Motivation of PAK Grade VI Students of SD Negeri 173105 Tarutung in 2019, 2) Significant test of the relationship is known that t count t table is 6.691 2,000. It can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship of strengthening the gift of Christian education teacher with students learning motivation for class vi students of sd negeri 173105 tarutung, north tapanuli the regency year 2019. Kata Kunci: Strengthening Gift, Students Learning Motivation

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