Carchemish ša kišad puratti

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 177-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene J. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The State ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Times

Perhaps no other site in the region of northern Syria and south-eastern Anatolia played as important a role in the history of the early first millennium B.C. as Carchemish, “on the banks of the Euphrates.” It is one of the best-documented sites of the period, due to a combination of Neo-Assyrian references and the excavated material of the site itself, including inscriptions, reliefs and large-scale architectural projects initiated by the rulers of Carchemish. All of these documents attest to its immense wealth and power.The site was first explored in the 1870's on behalf of the British Museum, once George Smith had determined that the modern town of Djerabis must be ancient Carchemish; and was subsequently excavated and published under the Museum's auspices. Several encyclopedic compendia published in recent years have summarized in cogent syntheses the information known about Carchemish. Nevertheless, I would like to include this present review of the material as a tribute to Richard D. Barnett – whose own work has been closely associated with the site in particular and with North Syria in general – in order to add a few points regarding the nature of Carchemish and the role played by the state in the history and art-history of the times.

scholarly journals Thracian

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-817
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Eastern Europe

Thracian belongs to the group of languages spoken over the entire period of Antiquity in the areas of south-eastern Europe (mostly the Balkans) and which, like other vernaculars spoken in this and neighbouring areas, had died out by the end of the Roman period leaving but scanty evidence. This chapter provides an introduction into the state of our current knowledge about the Thracian language and epigraphy and the perspectives of research of this language. Since our comprehension and understanding of grammatical system of Thracian is limited, the current knowledge of the language makes any translation of attested inscriptions impossible. It is however expected that the progress in studying development and history of the Greek script may provide us with new and relevant data for interpretation of Thracian.

scholarly journals Polish Dialectal Phrasematics – the State of Research (for the Five-year Period 2015–2020), Methods and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Maciej Rak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
North And South

The article has three goals. The first is to present the history of research on Polish dialectal phrasematics. In particular, attention was paid to the last five years, i.e. the period 2015–2020. The works in question were ordered according to the dialectological key, taking into account the following dialects: Greater Polish, Masovian, Silesian, Lesser Polish, and the North and South-Eastern dialects. The second goal is to indicate the methodologies that have so far been used to describe dialectal phrasematics. Initially, component analysis was used, which was part of the structuralist research trend, later (more or less from the late 1980s) the ethnolinguistic approach, especially the description of the linguistic picture of the world, began to dominate. The third goal of the article is to provide perspectives. The author once again (as he did it in his earlier works) postulates the preparation of a dictionary of Polish dialectal phrasematics.

Legislating Civil and Human Rights Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-108
Author(s):  
Claire Whitlinger
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Education ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Holocaust Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

This chapter investigates the causal connection between the 2004 commemoration and another racially significant transformation: Mississippi Senate Bill 2718, an education bill mandating civil rights and human rights education in Mississippi schools. Providing historical perspective on the legislation—the first of its kind in the country—the chapter traces its origins to the fortieth anniversary commemoration in Philadelphia, Mississippi in 2004. After providing a brief history of school desegregation in Mississippi and previous efforts to mandate Holocaust education in the state, the chapter demonstrates how the 2004 commemoration and subsequent civil rights trial mobilized a new generation of local memory activists. When joined with institutional resources at the state-level, these developments generated the commemorative capacity for local organizers to institutionalize civil rights memory through curricular change. Thus, in contrast to other multicultural or human rights education mandates, which have typically been outgrowths of large-scale progressive social movements or the diffusion of global norms, Mississippi’s civil and human rights education bill emerged out of local commemorative efforts.

Naming Practices in Second- and First-Millennium Western Anatolia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Craig Melchert
Keyword(s):  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
European Languages ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Naming Practices

This chapter provides a systematic survey of naming practices in the Indo-European languages of Western Anatolia in the second and first millennia, showing that essentially all types known from elsewhere in Indogermania are attested: Lallwörter, theophorics, determinative compounds of various kinds, and possessive compounds (bahuvrihis). Only Kurznamen and hypocoristica are surprisingly rare. The extent to which the above types reflect inherited usages is not addressed, but it is argued that the form of some Satznamen strongly suggests that they were initially formed on Hurrian (less probably Akkadian) models and then further adapted and extended. It is more tentatively suggested that the Apollodotos type of compound with past participle as second member, attested only in first-millennium south-eastern Anatolia, is based on Greek models.

Problems of the concept “guarantor of the constitution”

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Actor ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Political Force ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of

The article critically analyses the concept of “guarantor of the constitution”. Briefly describing the history of the emergence of the concept, the author argues that it was originally understood too narrowly – only as a function of ensuring the stable functioning of the state apparatus. This is also how it is understood today. Meanwhile, even if the state apparatus is formally operating legally, this does not always mean that its operation is consistent with constitutional principles and values. The constitution is not simply an act of supreme legal force. It is imbued with constitutionalism, which boils down to the idea and practice of limiting power for the sake of the value of human dignity. In its turn, constitutionalism is secured by a number of principles and values, including pluralism. However, constitutionalism can also suffer from pluralism. The article speaks of two threats on this side: first, large-scale inter-party conflicts (both direct and “disguised” as conflicts between state bodies) and, second, the possibility of a political force aligned against constitutionalism gaining state power. Consequently, guaranteeing the constitution consists not only of ensuring the normal functioning of the institutions of public power, but also of protecting and defending the constitutional principles and values, which together represent constitutionalism. However, practice shows that presidents either neglect this “second part” or use the appeal to constitutional values to strengthen their own power. In the author’s view, this is due to the fallacy of the very model of a mixed (semi-presidential) republic, within which the concept of “guarantor of the constitution” emerged. The institution of the president in this model is positioned by doctrine as politically neutral and therefore above all branches of power. However, the neutrality of the president of a mixed republic is illusory, for he is a more or less active political actor and therefore incapable of fulfilling the role of guarantor of the constitution. The false presumption of presidential neutrality not only makes the institution of the guarantor ineffective, but also contributes to the authoritarian trend of the president.

scholarly journals XIX. A Memoir on the State of Norham Castle in the time of Henry the Eighth, communicated from a Cottonian Manuscript in the British Museum, by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. and S.A. in a Letter to Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. Secretary

Archaeologia ◽  
1814 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Ellis
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Expense

In a volume of Miscellaneous Papers among the Cotton Manuscripts in the British Museum, is a short but curious Memoir on the state of Norham Castle in the time of Henry the Eighth.A very short extract from that part which relates to provisions for the garrison was copied by Mr. Pinkerton in his History of Scotland: but I think the whole Memoir affords an important detail, not only of the œconomy, but of the general expense attending the keeping up of an ancient fortress.

scholarly journals The History of the Foundation of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

1887 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
Biological Association ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Crystal Palace ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

In the ‘Times,’ March 31st, 1884, appeared the following article:Biological station, some may be inclined to think, is simply Aquarium “writ large.” The two certainly do coincide to some extent j a biological station aa a rule implies an aquarium, but it includes a great deal more. In the early days of public aquaria, some twenty-five years ago, and down indeed to more recent times, attempts were made to utilise these institutions for scientific purposes, and biologists hoped that great results would follow from their establishment. It was in 1860 that the late Mr. Lloyd designed an aquarium for Paris, and two years later a similar one for Hamburg. Others soon followed, both in this country and on the Continent, nearly all of them constructed on the method devised by Mr. Lloyd, and several of them under his direct superintendence. Probably the earliest on a large scale in this country was the well-known establishment at the Crystal Palace, to the management of which Mr. Lloyd succeeded on the death of Mr. J. K. Lord.

scholarly journals Zapobieganie i walka z epidemiami na południowo-wschodniej granicy Rzeczypospolitej za czasów króla Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1 (237)) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Ewa Danowska
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Military

Prevention and Struggle Against Epidemics on the South-Eastern Borderlands of the Commonwealth in the Times of Stanisław August Poniatowski Epidemics posed serious threat in the 18th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their most common appearance was evidenced in the south-eastern borderlands, and they often spread towards the center of the state with the movement of merchants and the military. In order to prevent the spread of these, a special quarantine houses were established on the borders. It were mainly the borderland magnates, as well as the state territorial administration headed by the Committee of Royal Treasury, that took a lead in work towards prevention of the epidemics. In the times of Stanisław August Poniatowski the most important quarantine houses functioned in Mohylew, Bałta, Białogród, Żwaniec and Jampol.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW : PANCASILA DASAR NEGARA PARIPURNA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Raisza Putri ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
State And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Life ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right

Book Pancasila Dasar Negara Paripurna is the work of Prof. Dr. Tukiran Taniredja, MM and Prof. Dr. Suyahmo, M.Si. that was written to commemorate and make all Indonesian people aware of the importance of Pancasila as the basis of life of the nation, state, and society. In addition, this book is intended to complete Pancasila as the permanent foundation of the state for the Indonesian nation. This book is presented so that the Indonesian people, especially the millennial generation, can continue the life of the Indonesian people per the precepts of the Pancasila and apply life with Pancasila values as the basis of the Indonesian state. This book was also prepared with the aim of anticipating several phenomena and new ideologies that has entered Indonesia that are incompatible with the Pancasila Ideology after the Reformation Era. Pancasila as the foundation of a complete state should not be forgotten. The current millennial generation is more interested in ideologies from foreign countries that are not following the basis of our country, so this is an important reminder for the millennial generation of the impacts of these foreign ideologies. This book also contains a lot about the 1945 Constitution which hopes that the Indonesian people remember the regulations in it and do not conflict with these regulations.Book Pancasila Dasar Negara Paripurna is aimed at all Indonesian people, especially the millennial generation, who are the generation that will preserve the values of Pancasila. Due to the development of the times, the millennial generation has forgotten the Pancasila ideology as the basis of the Indonesian state. Pancasila now seems to be only a small part of the history of the Indonesian nation because many people do not follow the values of Pancasila and choose other ideologies. In democratic and political life, many people today make Pancasila the fault of all the problems and failures of national and state life. If Pancasila is interpreted and implemented correctly, Pancasila is a solution to the problems and failure of the state in carrying out Indonesian constitutionality.Information about the importance of Pancasila in state, social and national life is presented in a very complete manner. Pancasila is the basis of the state which still cannot be changed or replaced by other ideologies. Apart from being irreversible, Pancasila is the right ideology for Indonesia because the values in Pancasila reflect the customs and culture of the Indonesian people. Pancasila is suitable for a pluralistic society. Indonesia consists of islands that vary from Sabang to Merauke. From these islands, there are significant differences. However, the existence of Pancasila makes it easier for the Indonesian nation to unite and respect each other's differences. In addition, Pancasila is considered the right ideology because Pancasila is the basis for Indonesian society to solve state problems. Pancasila also has high values of democracy and justice, therefore a democratic society that values of human rights can be implemented more easily.The book has many benefits and this review is important. This is because the millennial generation today are increasingly contradicting and forgetting the Pancasila ideology. This book is presented with relevant purposes to overcome the problems of state, national and social life in this era of development. The noble values of Pancasila, which have been forgotten and lost from state life, are beginning to require the revitalization and actualization of Pancasila to be achieved as well as possible. All Indonesian people and millennial generation need to know and interpret Pancasila properly from an early age so that they can continue their constitutional life following the country's foundation, the nation's outlook on life, and the complete national personality.

scholarly journals Mining Possession in Russia in the Confrontation Between the State and Factory Owners at the Turn of the XIX and XX Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Neklyudov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Legal Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. The study is aimed at determining the importance of the legal factor in the development of large-scale industrial production in a developing economy. It is devoted to the study of the unique possession law in the mining industry of the Russian Empire. Materials and Methods. On the basis of the documentation of the commissions and institutions of the mining department, legislation, journalism and scientific literature, the history of the preparation of the reform of possession law in the mining industry in Russia is reconstructed, covering the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. Particular attention is paid to the discussion about the essence of this restrictive right, which extended to the factories of the Urals, Zamoskovye and the Caucasus. Results and Discussion. It is shown that the views of the state and breeders-possessors initially coincided on the need to abolish the possession rights, but fundamentally differed in terms of its qualifications, which was reflected in the development of a reform option that suited both parties. At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries this led to an open confrontation between the state and the plant owners, who advocated alternative projects of redemption or opening of the possessions. Conclusion. In this situation, the general reform of possession law was replaced by a fairly effective practice of individual removal from factories of an obsolete legal status.

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