Plant stores at pottery Neolithic Höyücek, southwest Turkey

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danièle Martinoli ◽  
Mark Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Crop Processing ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Central Turkey ◽  
By Products

AbstractEleven samples comprising an estimated 39,000 plant remains were analysed from a burnt destruction level at the pottery Neolithic site of Höyücek, southwest Turkey (radiocarbon dated 7550–7350 uncalibrated bp, 6400–6100 calibrated BC). Large stores of emmer (Triticum dicoccum), free threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum), lentils (Lens culinaris), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were identified and these plants were interpreted as crops. The low levels of weeds and crop processing by-products suggest most of the samples were remains of stores of human food. Two samples in which wild components (for example, Triticum boeticum, Medicago, Aegilops) dominated were interpreted as crop processing by-products, presumably stored for fodder. The presence of these stores in a structure interpreted as having a religious function shows that domestic activities also took place there. Comparison with other Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites of west central Turkey demonstrates a good correspondence in the range of crops. The poor representation of barley at Höyücek doubtless reflects the small number of samples from the site.

Urartian crop plant remains from Patnos (Aǧri), eastern Turkey

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Oybak Dönmez
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Important Site ◽  
Hulled Barley

AbstractThe analysis of eight samples of carbonised plant material from the Patnos area (Aǧri), an important site of the Urartian period in eastern Turkey is presented. Bread/macaroni wheat (Triticum aestivum L./T. durum Desf.) and domesticated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) are the main crop plants. Hulled barley (Hordeum L.) is less abundantly represented. Pulse seeds, bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and Latyhrus L.-type were found in smaller numbers. A few wild seeds were also recorded.

PERSONALITY AND AMBIVALENCE IN DECISIONS ABOUT BECOMING PARENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pinquart ◽  
Carolin Stotzka ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Psychological Vulnerability ◽  
Low Levels

Decisions about becoming parents are difficult to make, and individuals may face ambivalence between hoped-for positive and feared negative aspects of parenthood. Using two samples, we analyzed whether personality is related to ambivalence in parenthood decisions and with coping with ambivalence. In the first study, high levels of neuroticism and low levels of agreeableness were related to higher ambivalence. In the second study, psychological vulnerability was associated with higher ambivalence. Individuals with high levels of extraversion were more likely to seek social support if parenthood decisions became too difficult, and persons with higher levels of openness to experience were more likely to make decisions based on their feelings. Associations of neuroticism with avoidant coping were mediated by level of ambivalence. The conclusion drawn is that sex education with adolescents should include information about ambivalence and promote adequate ways of coping with this phenomenon.

The United States Congress and Africanist Scholars

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
David S. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
United States Congress ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The U.S

Linking scholars to the Congress is difficult primarily because of the weakness of Congressional interest in Africa, but also due to the low levels of interest among academics in both Congress and its Africa foreign policy and the poor resources of African studies in the U.S. to build a foundation of knowledge useful to the Congress.

New retting method of cassava roots improve sensory attributes of Bobolo and Chikwangue in Central Africa: an approach through just about right (JAR) test

2021 ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Nardis NKOUDOU ZE ◽  
Marie-Joseph MEDZEME ENGAMA ◽  
Jean Justin ESSIA NGANG
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
By Products ◽  
Penalty Analysis

Aim: the aim of this study was to determine sensory profile, through the use of just-about-right (JAR) scales and penalty analysis, of Bobolo and Chikwangue from the cassava roots fermented with previously cassava-fermented chips powder (PCFCP). Furthermore, retting time, cyanide content and pasting properties of retted roots were evaluated. Methods: for that, two samples of Bobolo and Chikwangue obtained from two cassava retting methods were studied: a control made from the retting without PCFCP and a product made from retting with PCFCP. Results: retting time was carried out in 48 hours less with PCFCP and 60% of cyanide reduction more than control. No major modifications occurs in pasting properties of paste fermented with PCFCP. The sensory analysis indicated high levels of acceptability for products made from retting with PCFCP. The penalty analysis showed that attributes “too sour” and “too much fermented odor” affected the acceptability of the Bobolo from retting without PCFCP significantly. Conclusion: fermentation of cassava through the use of PCFCP is suitable to improvement of sensory characteristics of fermented cassava by-products.

scholarly journals Mesoporous Activated Carbon Supported Ru Catalysts to Efficiently Convert Cellulose into Sorbitol by Hydrolytic Hydrogenation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4394
Author(s):  
Fatima-Zahra Azar ◽  
M. Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas ◽  
M. Carmen Román-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Hydrolytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Ru Nanoparticles ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Catalysts consisting of Ru nanoparticles (1 wt%), supported on mesoporous activated carbons (ACs), were prepared and used in the one-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose to obtain sorbitol. The carbon materials used as supports are a pristine commercial mesoporous AC (named SA), and two samples derived from it by sulfonation or oxidation treatments (named SASu and SAS, respectively). The catalysts have been thoroughly characterized regarding both surface chemistry and porosity, as well as Ru electronic state and particle size. The amount and type of surface functional groups in the carbon materials becomes modified as a result of the Ru incorporation process, while a high mesopore volume is preserved upon functionalization and Ru incorporation. The prepared catalysts have shown to be very active, with cellulose conversion close to 50% and selectivity to sorbitol above 75%. The support functionalization does not lead to an improvement of the catalysts’ behavior and, in fact, the Ru/SA catalyst is the most effective one, with about 50% yield to sorbitol, and a very low generation of by-products.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Wheat and Barley Grains Using ICP-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1281
Author(s):  
Tamer M A M Thabit ◽  
Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr ◽  
Dalia I H Elgeddawy ◽  
Medhat A H El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Barley Grains

Abstract Wheat and barley grains are two of the most important nutritional grains for humans and animals and they play an essential role in the nutritional cycle by different ratios according to people's nutritional habits. This work aimed to monitor ten of the most important heavy metals in some European-origin wheat and barley grains during the season of 2018. The measured elements, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and V, are of importance ecologically and biologically and may be involved in many health disorders affecting the human body. Moisture, protein, and specific grain weights were checked. Samples were digested using microwave acid digestion and the elements measured with ICP-MS/MS in He mode to increase sensitivity, lower the background, and avoid interference. Method validation and verification were carried out through spiking at two levels (2.0 and 10 ppb), then RSD, LOD, and LOQ were calculated. Recoveries were >97% for all elements at both levels with an RSD of <7.6%. Results revealed that As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were not detected in most wheat and barley samples, whereas Cd was detected in one sample of Ukrainian wheat and two samples of Estonian barley (but in very small traces). Pb was detected in three samples of Polish wheat (in very small traces). Al, Mo, and Ni were detected in some samples of wheat and barley of all origins, whereas other elements were at very low levels considered to be negligible concentrations.

The plant remains

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (S2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Marijke van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Mesh Sieve

The absence of earth-filled structural features or easily identifiable graves precluded any systematic sampling programme for environmental evidence. However, two samples for the analysis of carbonised plant remains were collected from each of the two insitu inhumations (SF55 and SF73). The samples consisted of the sediment associated with the burials which included the matrix of the overlying cairn (context 002), and were processed using manual flotation into an 0.5 mm mesh sieve. The sample sizes and results are given in Table 1.The evidence was minimal: only three fragments were found, none of which could be adequately identified. In sample 1, one grass seed was found, but it was badly preserved and could not be identified to genus. In sample 2, one cereal grain was found, again too badly preserved to distinguish it as either wheat or barley. The Polygonumsp. seed from sample 4 again is too fragmented to allow an identification to species level.

scholarly journals XIII.—The Plant Remains in the Scottish Peat Mosses

1907 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
The South ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Arctic Plants ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Made In

An investigation of the peat mosses in some districts of the Scottish Highlands was made in 1905, with a view of comparing the features found there with those already recorded from the Southern Uplands in 1904. The salient feature met with in the Southern districts was the existence in all the older mosses of an upper and lower forest-bed, with a zone of Arctic plants intercalated between. The existence of this Arctic plant bed, stretching at the same horizon through the peat in districts widely separated, indicates a lowering of temperature which must have obtained over much greater areas; for the conditions implied by the presence of an Arctic vegetation at low levels in the South of Scotland would suffice—precipitation being great enough—to produce glaciation in the Highlands.

Charred plant remains of the Archaic period from the Forum and Palatine

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Costantini ◽  
John Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Incomplete Picture ◽  
By Products

Our understanding of the arable economy of the early centuries of Rome has been based largely on ancient literary sources to give an idea of the range of crops grown in the area and their possible uses. For Archaic Rome in particular, very little evidence from the physical remains of crops has been available, and this has limited any serious comparison between archaeological evidence and what the literary sources may suggest about the arable agriculture of the early city. Archaeobotanical evidence for the agricultural economy of Rome and its surrounds in the pre-urban period has largely depended upon the work of Hans Helbaek: in the 1950s and 1960s he carried out the study of plant remains recovered in three areas of the Forum (Helbaek 1953, 1956, 1960). His studies were limited, however, by the absence of systematic sampling strategies and particularly by inadequate retrieval methods. Flotation techniques were not employed, and this prevented the potential recovery of smaller plant items such as small cereal grains (e.g., millet) and crop by-products (e.g., chaff fragments and small weed seeds). This led to an incomplete picture of the range of crops used and also led to difficulties in the identification of cereal grains owing to the absence of chaff fragments.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding low levels of crude glycerin with or without other by-products on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers

2010 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
C.J. Schneider ◽  
G.L. Parsons ◽  
K.A. Miller ◽  
L.K. Thompson ◽  
James S. Drouillard
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
By Products
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