A Newly Identified CG301269 Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Without Body Weight Gain Through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor   and

Prior studies demonstrated increased plasma IgE in diabetic patients, but the direct participation of IgE in diabetes or obesity remains unknown. This study found that plasma IgE levels correlated inversely with body weight, body mass index, and body fat mass among a population of randomly selected obese women. IgE receptor FcϵR1-deficient (Fcer1a−/−) mice and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice demonstrated that FcϵR1 deficiency in DIO mice increased food intake, reduced energy expenditure, and increased body weight gain but improved glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion. White adipose tissue from Fcer1a−/− mice showed an increased expression of phospho-AKT, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glucose transporter-4 (Glut4), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) but reduced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression, tissue macrophage accumulation, and apoptosis, suggesting that IgE reduces adipogenesis and glucose uptake but induces energy expenditure, adipocyte apoptosis, and white adipose tissue inflammation. In 3T3-L1 cells, IgE inhibited the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and preadipocyte adipogenesis and induced adipocyte apoptosis. IgE reduced the 3T3-L1 cell expression of Glut4, phospho-AKT, and glucose uptake, which concurred with improved glucose tolerance in Fcer1a−/− mice. This study established two novel pathways of IgE in reducing body weight gain in DIO mice by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing adipocyte apoptosis while worsening glucose tolerance by reducing Glut4 expression, glucose uptake, and insulin secretion.

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Lycopene attenuates body weight gain through induction of browning via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 108335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruyuan Zhu ◽

Junping Wei ◽

Haixia Liu ◽

Chenyue Liu ◽

Lili Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

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Combination therapy with PPARγ and PPARα agonists increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in db/dbmice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00149.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (5) ◽

pp. E966-E971 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Ken Yajima ◽

Hiroshi Hirose ◽

Haruhisa Fujita ◽

Yoshiko Seto ◽

Hiroshi Fujita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Pparγ Agonist ◽

Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists ameliorate insulin resistance, they sometimes cause body weight gain, and the effect of PPAR agonists on insulin secretion is unclear. We evaluated the effects of combination therapy with a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, and a PPARα agonist, bezafibrate, and a dual agonist, KRP-297, for 4 wk in male C57BL/6J mice and db/db mice, and we investigated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by in situ pancreatic perfusion. Body weight gain in db/db mice was less with KRP-297 treatment than with pioglitazone or pioglitazone + bezafibrate treatment. Plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid levels were elevated in untreated db/db mice compared with untreated C57BL/6J mice, and these parameters were significantly ameliorated in the PPARγ agonist-treated groups. Also, PPARγ agonists ameliorated the diminished GSIS and insulin content, and they preserved insulin and GLUT2 staining in db/db mice. GSIS was further increased by PPARγ and -α agonists. We conclude that combination therapy with PPARγ and PPARα agonists may be more useful with respect to body weight and pancreatic GSIS in type 2 diabetes with obesity.

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Cyanidin-3-O-Galactoside-Enriched Aronia melanocarpa Extract Attenuates Weight Gain and Adipogenic Pathways in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1190 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Su-Min Lim ◽

Hyun Sook Lee ◽

Jae In Jung ◽

So Mi Kim ◽

Nam Young Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa

Aronia melanocarpa are a rich source of anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their relations to human health. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract (AM-Ex) and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in an in vivo system. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups for 8-week feeding with a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD with 50 (AM-Ex 50), 100 (AM-Ex 100), or 200 AM-Ex (AM-Ex 200) mg/kg body weight/day. HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the CD group, and AM-Ex dose-dependently inhibited this weight gain. AM-Ex significantly reduced the food intake and the weight of white fat tissue, including epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, mesenteric fat, and inguinal fat. Treatment with AM-Ex (50 to 200 mg/kg) reduced serum levels of leptin, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that AM-Ex suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. These results suggest that AM-Ex is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis and food intake.

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Skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.6.r1224 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (6) ◽

pp. R1224-R1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. J. Pagliassotti ◽

K. A. Shahrokhi ◽

J. O. Hill

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Wide Range

Ad libitum access to a high-fat (HF) diet produces a wide range of weight gain in rats. Rats most susceptible to weight gain on such a diet (obesity prone; OP) are more insulin resistant after 4-5 wk of diet exposure than are those most resistant (obesity resistant; OR) to weight gain. To investigate whether skeletal muscle glucose metabolism contributes to insulin resistance in this model, insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism was assessed in the perfused hindquarter of rats exposed to either a low-fat (LF, n = 6) or HF diet for 5 wk. Delineation of OP (n = 6) and OR (n = 6) rats was based on body weight gain. OP rats gained 60% more body weight while eating only 10% more energy than OR rats. Single-pass perfusions were carried out for 2 h in the presence of glucose, insulin, and [U-14C]glucose. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (mumol.100 g-1.min-1) was 14.2 +/- 0.9 in LF, 11.1 +/- 0.8 in OR, and 6.2 +/- 0.6 in OP. Glucose oxidation (mumol.100 g-1.min-1) was 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.3 in LF and OR, respectively, but was 0.2 +/- 0.1 in OP. Net glycogen synthesis was significantly reduced in OP compared with OR and LF despite similar glycogen synthase I activity. Muscle triglyceride concentration was not significantly different in OR and OP rats. These results demonstrate significant defects in skeletal muscle glucose uptake and disposal in rats most susceptible to HF diet-induced obesity. Clearly, the heterogeneous response to a HF diet involves not only body weight gain but also skeletal muscle fuel metabolism.

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Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Key Neuronal Subsets Regulating Glucose Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2008-0899 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 150 (2) ◽

pp. 707-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

David A. Sarruf ◽

Fang Yu ◽

Hong T. Nguyen ◽

Diana L. Williams ◽

Richard L. Printz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Ventral Tegmental Area ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Brain Areas ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Ventral Tegmental

In addition to increasing insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists cause weight gain and hyperphagia. Given the central role of the brain in the control of energy homeostasis, we sought to determine whether PPARγ is expressed in key brain areas involved in metabolic regulation. Using immunohistochemistry, PPARγ distribution and its colocalization with neuron-specific protein markers were investigated in rat and mouse brain sections spanning the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area, and the nucleus tractus solitarius. In several brain areas, nuclear PPARγ immunoreactivity was detected in cells that costained for neuronal nuclei, a neuronal marker. In the hypothalamus, PPARγ immunoreactivity was observed in a majority of neurons in the arcuate (including both agouti related protein and α-MSH containing cells) and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and was also present in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, and tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area but was not expressed in the nucleus tractus solitarius. To validate and extend these histochemical findings, we generated mice with neuron-specific PPARγ deletion using nestin cre-LoxP technology. Compared with littermate controls, neuron-specific PPARγ knockout mice exhibited dramatic reductions of both hypothalamic PPARγ mRNA levels and PPARγ immunoreactivity but showed no differences in food intake or body weight over a 4-wk study period. We conclude that: 1) PPARγ mRNA and protein are expressed in the hypothalamus, 2) neurons are the predominant source of PPARγ in the central nervous system, although it is likely expressed by nonneuronal cell types as well, and 3) arcuate nucleus neurons that control energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism are among those in which PPARγ is expressed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, a key regulator of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, is also expressed in neurons involved in body weight control.

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Nigella Sativa and Ginger Increase GLUT4 and PPARγ in Metabolic Syndrome‐Induced Rats

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs111.32613269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 3261-3269

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Increased fructose intake has been linked to the epidemiology of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal damage, and metabolic syndrome (MS). As oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathology of insulin resistance, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Nigella Sativa (NS) and ginger as potent antioxidants on fructose-induced MS in rats. Male rats were fed with a high‐fructose high-fat-fed diet for 8 weeks. By the end of the 8th week, rats were divided into four groups; one was left untreated (normal control) and MS control group was treated with saline. MS groups were given Nigella sativa (4 ml/kg) and ginger (500 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Markers chosen for assessment included the effect on body weight gain, glucose, insulin, adiponectin levels, and lipid profile. Also, protein expressions were estimated by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ). Nigella sativa and ginger ameliorated some manifestations of MS, including an increase in body weight, glucose, insulin level, and resistance. Besides, both drugs lowered insulin resistance, induced hyperlipidemia and increased adiponectin level. Drugs also increased GLUT4 and PPARγ protein expression compared with MS control group. Nigella sativa and ginger ameliorated parameters of MS via increased GLUT4 and PPARγ expression.

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Physiological effects of dietary fructans extracted from Agave tequilana Gto. and Dasylirion spp.

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507795338 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 254-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Judith E. Urías-Silvas ◽

Patrice D. Cani ◽

Evelyne Delmée ◽

Audrey Neyrinck ◽

Mercedes G. López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Physiological Effect ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

The Body ◽

Agave Tequilana ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Few Data

Recent data reported that inulin-type fructans extracted from chicory roots regulate appetite and lipid/glucose metabolism, namely, by promoting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production in the colon. The Agave genus growing in different regions of Mexico also contains important amounts of original fructans, with interesting nutritional and technological properties, but only few data report their physiological effect when added in the diet. Therefore, we decided to evaluate in parallel the effect of supplementation with 10 % agave or chicory fructans on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a standard (STD) diet or diet supplemented with Raftilose P95 (RAF), fructans from Agave tequilana Gto. (TEQ) or fructans from Dasylirion spp. (DAS) for 5 weeks. The body weight gain and food intake in mice fed fructans-containing diets were significantly lower than the ones of mice fed the STD diet, TEQ leading to the lowest value. Serum glucose and cholesterol were similarly lower in all fructans-fed groups than in the STD group and correlated to body weight gain. Only RAF led to a significant decrease in serum TAG. As previously shown for RAF, the supplementation with agave fructans (TEQ and DAS) induced a higher concentration of GLP-1 and its precursor, proglucagon mRNA, in the different colonic segments, thus suggesting that fermentable fructans from different botanical origin and chemical structure are able to promote the production of satietogenic/incretin peptides in the lower part of the gut, with promising effects on glucose metabolism, body weight and fat mass development.

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