Genetic Causes of Severe Childhood Obesity: A Remarkably High Prevalence in an Inbred Population of Pakistan

Childhood obesity has grown worryingly on a global scale one of the biggest influencers are technological advances exposed early to children. Therefore, this study aimed to seek in the literature the relationship between modernity and the high incidence of children above their ideal weight. The research is a systematic literature review on the factors that are linked to the high prevalence of children above their ideal weight today. After the analysis of the studies, it is notorious the impact generated by technology on the health and development of children when they are used early. Concluding the present study that the negative factors that have been contributing to the triggering of childhood obesity are: passive habits, that is, little physical activity, the large number of hours spent in front of TV, video game, DVD between Other electronic devices this combined with poor consumption feeding of high fat and sugar products and lack of physical exercise are factors that reflect a negative response in children’s lives favoring body fat accumulation.

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Children’s Intake of Food from Non-Fast-Food Outlets and Child-Specific Menus: A Survey of Parents

Children ◽

10.3390/children6110123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Li Kheng Chai ◽

Sze Lin Yoong ◽

Tamara Bucher ◽

Clare E Collins ◽

Vanessa A Shrewsbury

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Healthy Child ◽

Fast Food ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Fast Food Restaurant ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Outlets ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Eating Out

Eating out-of-home is associated with higher energy intakes in children. The continued high prevalence of childhood obesity requires a greater understanding of child menu options and eating out frequency to inform appropriate regulatory initiatives. The majority of studies to date have focused on menus from fast-food outlets with few focused on non-fast-food outlets. This study aimed to describe parents’ reports of their child(ren)’s (aged up to 6 years) frequency of consuming foods at non-fast-food outlets, observations of child menus at these outlets, and their purchasing behaviours and future preferences regarding these menus; and if their responses were influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Ninety-five parents completed a 15-item cross-sectional survey. Overall, children from 54% of families consumed food from non-fast-food outlets at least monthly. Of the 87 parents who reported that their child eats at a non-fast-food restaurant, 71 had children who ordered from child menus every time (7%, n = 5), often (29%, n = 22), sometimes (42%, n = 32) or rarely (16%, n = 12), with a further 7% (n = 5) never ordering from these menus. All parents indicated that they would like to see a higher proportion of healthy child menu items than is currently offered. Parents’ responses were not influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Parents’ views support implementation of initiatives to increase availability of healthy options on child menus at non-fast-food outlets.

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Polymorphisms in Adipokines in Mexican Children with Obesity

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/4764751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio ◽

Alma Olivia Aguilar-Lucio ◽

Helios Cárdenas-Hernández ◽

Claudette Musalem-Younes ◽

Jacqueline Solares-Tlapechco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Association Studies ◽

Health Science ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Science Field ◽

Mexican Mestizo ◽

Mexican Children ◽

Genome Wide ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Control Study

The high prevalence of childhood obesity in Mexico is alarming in the health-science field. We propose to investigate the contribution of adipokines and cytokines polymorphisms and common BMI/obesity-associated loci, revealed in genome-wide association studies in Caucasian adult cohorts, with childhood obesity. This study included 773 Mexican-Mestizo children (5-15 years old) in a case-control study. The polymorphisms included were ADIPOQ (rs6444174), TNF-α (rs1800750), IL-1β (rs1143643), IL-6 (rs1524107; rs2069845), NEGR1 (rs34305371), SEC16B-RASAL2 (rs10913469), TMEM18 (rs6548238; rs7561317), GNPDA2 (rs16857402), LEP (rs2167270), MTCH2 (rs10838738), LGR4-LIN7C-BDNF (rs925946), BCDIN3D-FAIM2 (rs7138803), FTO (rs62033400), MC4R (rs11872992), MC4R (rs17782313), and KCTD15 (rs29942). No significant contribution was found with adipokines and cytokines polymorphisms in this study. Only both TMEM18 (rs6548238; rs7561317) polymorphisms were found associated with obesity (OR=0.5, P=0.008) and were in linkage disequilibrium (r2=0.87). The linear regression showed that the rs7561317 polymorphism of TMEM18 is negatively associated with obesity. This report highlights the influence of TMEM18 in Mexican-Mestizo children obesity, while adipokine and cytokine polymorphisms were not associated with it.

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Interplay between polymorphisms and methylation in the H19/IGF2 gene region may contribute to obesity in Mexican-American children

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s204017441300041x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 499-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. A. Hernández-Valero ◽

J. Rother ◽

I. Gorlov ◽

M. Frazier ◽

O. Gorlova

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Mexican American ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Differentially Methylated Region ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Cpg Site ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Prevalence ◽

American Children ◽

Lean Children

Imprinted genes often affect body size-related traits such as weight. However, the association of imprinting with obesity, especially childhood obesity, has not been well studied. Mexican-American children have a high prevalence, approaching 50%, of obesity and/or overweight. In a pilot study of 75 Mexican-American children, we analyzed the relationships among obese/overweight status, methylation status and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) status at a CpG site in a differentially methylated region (DMR) of the imprinted H19/IGF2 locus. We observed a significant difference in SNP rs10732516 frequency between boys and girls among the overweight and obese children but not among the lean children. We also found that children with lower methylation of the polymorphic CpG site (CpG4) in the H19 DMR had higher birth weights than did children with higher methylation (P= 0.04). Our results suggest that CpG4 methylation status may be associated with childhood obesity in Mexican-American children in a sex-specific manner.

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Trajectories of change in childhood obesity prevalence across local authorities 2007/08–2015/16: a latent trajectory analysis

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 724-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Russell M Viner ◽

Dougal S Hargreaves

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Latent Class ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Local Authorities ◽

White Ethnicity ◽

Latent Trajectory ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Class 1

Abstract Background We investigated differing trajectories of childhood obesity prevalence amongst English local authorities (LAs). Methods Data on prevalence of childhood obesity (BMI ≥ 95th centile) for Reception year and Year 6 for 150 LAs in England from 2006/07 to 2015/16 were obtained from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP). Latent class mixture modelling (LCCM) was used to identify classes of change in obesity prevalence. Results In Reception, most LAs showed little change across the period (Class 1; stable, moderate obesity prevalence;84%), with a smaller group with a high prevalence that fell thereafter (Class 2; high but falling obesity prevalence; 16%). In Year 6 we identified three classes: moderate obesity prevalence (Class 3; 43%); high and rising obesity prevalence (Class 2; 36%); and stable low obesity prevalence (Class 1; 21%). Greater LA deprivation and higher LA proportion of non-white ethnicity increased risk of being in Class 2 (Reception) or Class 2 or 3 (Year 6) compared with Class 1. Conclusions The prevalence of childhood obesity in LAs in England follow a small number of differing trajectories that are influenced by LA deprivation and ethnic composition. LAs following a stable low obesity trajectory for Year 6 are targets for further investigation.

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Behavioural and socio-demographic characteristics of Dutch neighbourhoods with high prevalence of childhood obesity

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity ◽

10.3109/17477166.2011.583659 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3-4) ◽

pp. 298-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Elske de Jong ◽

Dieuwke F. Schokker ◽

Tommy L. S. Visscher ◽

Jacob C. Seidell ◽

Carry M. Renders

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

High Prevalence

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Bioelectronic Measurement of Nasality in Trainable Mentally Retarded Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.4203.436 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 436-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David A. Daly

Keyword(s):

Mentally Retarded ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Mentally Retarded Children ◽

Trainable Mentally Retarded

Fifty trainable mentally retarded children were evaluated with TONAR II, a bioelectronic instrument for detecting and quantitatively measuring voice parameters. Results indicated that one-half of the children tested were hypernasal. The strikingly high prevalence of excessive nasality was contrasted with results obtained from 64 nonretarded children and 50 educable retarded children tested with the same instrument. The study demonstrated the need of retarded persons for improved voice and resonance.

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Multiple Perspectives on the Barriers to Identification and Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig3.49 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Jana Childes ◽

Alissa Acker ◽

Dana Collins

Keyword(s):

Academic Success ◽

Voice Disorders ◽

School Personnel ◽

Voice Disorder ◽

Multiple Perspectives ◽

Vocal Qualities ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Pediatric Populations ◽

Low Incidence ◽

University Settings

Pediatric voice disorders are typically a low-incidence population in the average caseload of clinicians working within school and general clinic settings. This occurs despite evidence of a fairly high prevalence of childhood voice disorders and the multiple impacts the voice disorder may have on a child's social development, the perception of the child by others, and the child's academic success. There are multiple barriers that affect the identification of children with abnormal vocal qualities and their access to services. These include: the reliance on school personnel, the ability of parents and caretakers to identify abnormal vocal qualities and signs of misuse, the access to specialized medical services for appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning and issues related to the Speech-Language Pathologists' perception of their skills and competence regarding voice management for pediatric populations. These barriers and possible solutions to them are discussed with perspectives from the school, clinic and university settings.

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