The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years

Abstract The relationship between nest entrance orientation and latitude among ground-nesting passerines was reviewed using published information. Data were collated for seven North American and European species. Pooling within-species comparisons, there was a clear trend from a preference for north-facing nests at lower latitudes to eastward- or southward-facing nests farther north. Orientations differed significantly in eight of 12 cases for which statistical comparison was possible, means differing in the expected direction in six of these cases. These results highlight how the influence of solar radiation on nest microclimate typically delineates preferred nest orientation in these species, i.e., at lower latitudes, the need for shade results in a preference for northward orientations; at mid latitudes, eastward orientations predominate, reflecting a probable balance between the benefits of warmth in the early morning and shade in the afternoon; while at high latitudes, nests may be oriented southward to gain warmth throughout the day.

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Abstract W P156: Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults With and Without Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.wp156 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ada Tang ◽

Daria Shkredova ◽

Derek W Stouth ◽

Maureen J MacDonald ◽

Jennifer J Heisz

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Pulse Transit Time ◽

Group Differences ◽

Ongoing Work ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Stroke Group ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Silent cerebrovascular infarcts resulting from vascular disease can manifest as a decline in cognitive function. These silent events are also associated with increased risk of clinically overt stroke. Arterial stiffness is a marker that represents atherosclerotic progression and is a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. This study examined the relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment between adults aged 50-80 years old with and without stroke. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that elevated arterial stiffness would be observed in individuals with stroke, and also be associated with increased cognitive impairment across all participants. Methods: Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Arterial stiffness was quantified using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, in m/s), calculated as cfPWV=D/Δt, where D was the distance measured between arterial sites and Δt was the pulse transit time. Higher values represent increased stiffness, and values >10 m/s are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. Results: Twenty-five participants were assessed: 11 participants 4.7±2.4 years post-stroke and 14 older adults without stroke. The non-stroke group was older (73.1±3.9 vs. 65.2±9.4 years, P=0.009), while the stroke group had lower MoCA scores (21.2±3.2 vs. 24.4±2.8, P=0.01). There were no between-group differences in cfPWV (stroke 9.4 m/s vs. older adults 9.9 m/s, P=0.49), when controlling for age and MoCA scores. In backward regression analysis, age explained 21% of the variance of cfPWV (P=0.03), while MoCA was not a contributor. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that age is a significant correlate of arterial stiffness, regardless of the presence of stroke or cognitive impairment. Ongoing work will examine whether stroke history also contributes to arterial stiffness when groups are matched for age.

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The roles of immune cells in atherosclerotic calcification

Vascular ◽

10.1177/17085381211032756 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170853812110327

Author(s):

Jingsong Cao ◽

Xuyu Zu ◽

Jianghua Liu

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Th2 Cells ◽

Regulatory B Cells ◽

T Helper ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Helper Type

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of acute cardiovascular events, and vascular calcification is an important pathological phenomenon in atherosclerosis. Recently, many studies have shown that immune cells are closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis and calcification, but there are many conflicting viewpoints because of immune system complications, such as the pro-atherosclerotic and atheroprotective effects of regulatory B cells (Bregs), T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. In this review, we summarize the studies on the roles of immune cells, especially lymphocytes and macrophages, in atherosclerotic calcification. Furthermore, we prepared graphs showing the relationship between T cells, B cells and macrophages and atherosclerotic calcification. Finally, we highlight some potential issues that are closely associated with the function of immune cells in atherosclerotic calcification. Based on current research results, this review summarizes the relationship between immune cells and atherosclerotic calcification, and it will be beneficial to understand the relationship of immune cells and atherosclerotic calcification.

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Abstract 6277: Predictive Value of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate for Cardiovascular Events: The Treating to New Targets Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1172-d ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

James Shepherd ◽

Chuan-Chuan Wun ◽

Daniel J Wilson ◽

Andrea L Zuckerman

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Final Visit ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dose Dependent

We previously demonstrated a dose-dependent improvement in renal function and reduction in cardiovascular risk in TNT with intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin (ATV) 80 mg vs 10 mg. This post hoc analysis examines the relationship between the observed improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and reduction of major cardiovascular events (MCVE). After 8 weeks open-label therapy with ATV 10 mg, 10,001 patients with CHD were randomized to double-blind therapy with either ATV 10 or 80 mg. Patients were followed for a median of 4.9 years for the occurrence of MCVEs (CHD death, nonfatal MI, and stroke). The relationship between change from baseline eGFR (using the MDRD equation) at the final visit prior to a MCVE and the risk of MCVE was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for baseline eGFR and other baseline characteristics. Of 9656 patients with complete renal data, 156 had a MCVE before follow-up eGFR assessment and were excluded. In the remaining 9500 patients, mean baseline eGFR was 65.3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and mean change from baseline was 4.3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . This represented a reduction in the risk of MCVE of 2.7% per mL increase in eGFR (HR 0.973, 95% CI 0.967– 0.980, P <0.0001). This association remained significant in patients with eGFR <60 and those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 at baseline, with no significant interaction between eGFR change and baseline renal status ( P =0.98). A 5 mL/min on-treatment improvement in eGFR was associated with a 12.6% reduction in MCVE, while a 5 mL/min reduction was associated with a 14.4% increase in MCVE. Mean change from baseline eGFR was 3.5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 with ATV 10 mg and 5.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 with ATV 80 mg, representing significant 9.3% and 12.4% reductions in risk, respectively. Analysis of interaction between treatment and eGFR change for prediction of MCVE demonstrated a stronger association between eGFR change and MCVE in the ATV 80 mg treatment group ( P =0.011). Improvement in eGFR was highly associated with a reduction in MCVE, irrespective of baseline renal function. This relationship was dose dependent. Improvement in eGFR may be a biomarker for the response to atorvastatin, and for the stabilization of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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Are In Vitro Susceptibilities to Azole Antifungals Predictive of Clinical Outcome in the Treatment of Candidemia?

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01072-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Twisha S. Patel ◽

Peggy L. Carver ◽

Gregory A. Eschenauer

Keyword(s):

Invasive Candidiasis ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Published Data ◽

Murine Models ◽

Limited Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Clinical Breakpoints ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT The purpose of this review is to critically analyze published data evaluating the impact of azole pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, MICs, and Candida species on clinical outcomes in patients with candidemia. Clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for fluconazole and voriconazole, which are used to determine susceptibility, have been defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for Candida species. Studies evaluating the relationship between treatment efficacy and in vitro susceptibility, as well as the pharmacodynamic targets, have been conducted in patients treated with fluconazole for candidemia; however, for species other than Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, and for other forms of invasive candidiasis, data remain limited and randomized trials are not available. Limited data evaluating these relationships with voriconazole are available. While pharmacodynamic targets for posaconazole and isavuconazole have been proposed based upon studies conducted in murine models, CBPs have not been established by CLSI. Fluconazole remains an important antifungal agent for the treatment of candidemia, and data supporting its use based on in vitro susceptibility are growing, particularly for C. albicans and C. glabrata. Further investigation is needed to establish the roles of voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole in the treatment of candidemia and for all agents in the treatment of other forms of invasive candidiasis.

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Children with 5′-end NF1 gene mutations are more likely to have glioma

Neurology Genetics ◽

10.1212/nxg.0000000000000192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. e192 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Corina Anastasaki ◽

Stephanie M. Morris ◽

Feng Gao ◽

David H. Gutmann

Keyword(s):

Gene Mutation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Published Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Nonsense Mutations ◽

Data Set ◽

Nf1 Gene ◽

The Relationship

Objective:To ascertain the relationship between the germline NF1 gene mutation and glioma development in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Methods:The relationship between the type and location of the germline NF1 mutation and the presence of a glioma was analyzed in 37 participants with NF1 from one institution (Washington University School of Medicine [WUSM]) with a clinical diagnosis of NF1. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using both unadjusted and weighted analyses of this data set in combination with 4 previously published data sets.Results:While no statistical significance was observed between the location and type of the NF1 mutation and glioma in the WUSM cohort, power calculations revealed that a sample size of 307 participants would be required to determine the predictive value of the position or type of the NF1 gene mutation. Combining our data set with 4 previously published data sets (n = 310), children with glioma were found to be more likely to harbor 5′-end gene mutations (OR = 2; p = 0.006). Moreover, while not clinically predictive due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity, this association with glioma was stronger for participants with 5′-end truncating (OR = 2.32; p = 0.005) or 5′-end nonsense (OR = 3.93; p = 0.005) mutations relative to those without glioma.Conclusions:Individuals with NF1 and glioma are more likely to harbor nonsense mutations in the 5′ end of the NF1 gene, suggesting that the NF1 mutation may be one predictive factor for glioma in this at-risk population.

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Evaluation of Paired Watershed Runoff Relationships since Recovery from a Major Hurricane on a Coastal Forest—A Basis for Examining Effects of Pinus palustris Restoration on Water Yield

Water ◽

10.3390/w13213121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3121

Author(s):

Devendra M. Amatya ◽

Ssegane Herbert ◽

Carl C. Trettin ◽

Mohammad Daud Hamidi

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Water Yield ◽

Published Data ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Monthly Runoff ◽

The Relationship

The objective of this study was to test pre-treatment hydrologic calibration relationships between paired headwater watersheds (WS77 (treatment) and WS80 (control)) and explain the difference in flow, compared to earlier published data, using daily rainfall, runoff, and a water table measured during 2011–2019 in the Santee Experimental Forest in coastal South Carolina, USA. Mean monthly runoff difference between WS80 and WS77 of −6.80 mm for 2011–2019, excluding October 2015 with an extreme flow event, did not differ significantly from −8.57 mm (p = 0.27) for the 1969–1978 period or from −3.89 mm for 2004–2011, the post-Hurricane Hugo (1989) recovery period. Both the mean annual runoff coefficient and monthly runoff were non-significantly higher for WS77 than for WS80. The insignificant higher runoff by chance was attributed to WS77’s three times smaller surface storage and higher hypsometrical integral than those of WS80, but not to rainfall. The 2011–2019 geometric mean regression-based monthly runoff calibration relationship, excluding the October 2015 runoff, did not differ from the relationship for the post-Hugo recovery period, indicating complete recovery of the forest stand by 2011. The 2011–2019 pre-treatment regression relationship, which was not affected by periodic prescribed burning on WS77, was significant and predictable, providing a basis for quantifying longleaf pine restoration effects on runoff later in the future. However, the relationship will have to be used cautiously when extrapolating for extremely large flow events that exceed its flow bounds.

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Thermal conductivity of textile reinforcements for composites

Journal of Textiles and Fibrous Materials ◽

10.1177/2515221117751154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 251522111775115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yue El-Hage ◽

Simon Hind ◽

François Robitaille

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Carbon Fibre ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fibre Volume Fraction ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fibre Volume ◽

Published Data ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Composites Manufacturing ◽

The Relationship

Thermal conductivity data for dry carbon fibre fabrics are required for modelling heat transfer during composites manufacturing processes; however, very few published data are available. This article reports in-plane and through-thickness thermal conductivities measured as a function of fibre volume fraction ( Vf) for non-crimp and twill carbon reinforcement fabrics, three-dimensional weaves and reinforcement stacks assembled with one-sided carbon stitch. Composites made from these reinforcements and glass fibre fabrics are also measured. Clear trends are observed and the effects of Vf, de-bulking and vacuum are quantified along with orthotropy ratios. Limited differences between the conductivity of dry glass and carbon fibre fabrics in the through-thickness direction are reported. An unexpected trend in the relationship between that quantity and Vf is explained summarily through simple simulations.

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Abstract P251: Relationship Between Reactive Hyperemia Index in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease With the Cardiac Function and Prognosis

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p251 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Liu Tianhu ◽

Yu Chaoping ◽

Xu Fengcheng

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Reactive Hyperemia ◽

Reactive Hyperemia Index ◽

Health Group ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To investigate the relationship between reactive hyperemia index(RHI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with the cardiac function and prognosis, intervention so as to provide guidance for coronary heart disease severity and prognosis assessment. Methods: 500 cases of volunteers had coronary artery angiography by Judkins method in our hospital. coronary angiography showing one or more quarantine branch of coronary artery stenosis lower than 50% or more were taken as the standard for coronary heart disease diagnosis, and the volunteers were divided into CHD group (n=81) and health group (n=419). RHI and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of two groups were detected. The CHD group were followed up for 1 year and survival prognosis and cardiovascular events prognosis of the patients were statistically analyzed and the relationship between RHI and LVEF, cardiovascular events rate and mortality were analyzed. Results: Compared with health group, RHI and LVEF of CHD group were lower ( P <0. 05). RHI of patient in CHD group with LVEF ≥ 50% were higher than that of patient with LVEF < 50% ( P <0. 05). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that RHI and LVEF of CHD patients were positively correlated (r=0.827, P <0. 05). Coronary heart disease group were followed up for 1 year and the cardiovascular events rates and mortality rates were 28.40% and 9.88% respectively, and RHI and LVEF of patient with cardiovascular events were lower than that of patients without coronary heart disease, and RHI and LVEF of death patients were also lower than that of survived patients ( P <0. 05). Spearman unconditionally correlation analysis results showed that the RHI and cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with CHD are negatively correlated (r=-0.794, -0.762, P <0. 05). Conclusion: RHI in CHD patients is lower and closely related to the cardiac function and prognosis, this may be related to RHI reflecting endothelial function and endothelial function damage of CHD associating with disease development, therefore, RHI may be reference indicators of disease severity and prognosis assessment of CHD.

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Abstract P640: Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiovascular Risk Increases in Patients With Increased Burden of Atrial Ectopy

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael N Sattin ◽

Zhe Li ◽

Marko Mrkobrada ◽

Erin I Spicer

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Composite Outcome ◽

Ecg Monitoring ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Final Sample ◽

Atrial Ectopy ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for cerebral ischemia in North America. Atrial ectopy has been associated with incident AF and increased stroke risk on short-duration ECG monitoring. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between the burden of atrial ectopy with future AF, stroke, and cardiovascular events on prolonged ECG monitoring. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted at a single centre enrolling patients >18 years old referred from TIA clinic. Data was collected from 7- and 14-day Holter monitor reports, patient charts, and cardiac investigations. The final sample included 1124 patients; a subgroup of 759 patients had echocardiograms. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression determined the odds ratio (OR) of developing the composite outcome (AF, TIA/stroke, ACS, death) or secondary outcomes (AF or TIA/stroke). Results: The population was high-risk with a mean CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc of 4.0 (±1.8); during 1-year of follow-up, the primary outcome occurred amongst 116 (10.3%) patients. Univariate analysis ORs are displayed in Table 1. There was a statistically significant relationship (p<0.001) between percentage of PACs and the composite outcome (OR 4.066), and AF (11.886) for patients with 2-5% PACs. PAC runs/day was significant if >5/day for AF (OR 5.989, p<0.01) and for the composite (OR 2.231, p<0.05). Long PAC runs (>30 beats) also had significant ORs for AF (2.849, p<0.01) and the composite (5.320, p<0.01). In the subgroup analysis, reduced ejection fraction had an OR of 2.172 (1.407-5.771) for the composite outcome, and atrial dilatation had an OR of 2.778 (1.390-5.551) for AF. Conclusions: Increased burden of atrial ectopy is associated with increased odds of developing AF and a composite of cardiovascular events. Patients with increased ectopy should be considered for further, future ECG monitoring and risk stratification with echocardiogram.

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