The Effect of Different Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Nanocomposites: Contact Profilometry and SEM Analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Oglakci ◽  
BO Kucukyildirim ◽  
ZC Özduman ◽  
E Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
One Step ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
The One ◽  
Glass Fillers

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of different nanocomposite resins using various analysis methods. Three types of nanocomposite resins were investigated in this study: supra-nanohybrid (Estelite Asteria), nanohybrid (GrandioSo), and nanoceramic composite resins (Ceram-X Spheretec One). Forty-eight disc-shaped specimens (4 mm in diameter, 2 mm in thickness) were fabricated using a Teflon mold and divided into four groups according to the different polishing systems (n=12). All specimens were processed with one of the following methods: Mylar strip (control), one-step polishers (Opti1step), two-step polishers (Clearfil TwistDia), or multistep polishers (Sof-Lex XT Pop-on). The surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured by contact profilometry (Mahr, Marsurf PS1) (n=10) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Phenom XL) at 400× magnification (n=2). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni correction tests (p<0.05). In addition, the surface morphology and elemental content were examined by SEM and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. Under SEM evaluation, in terms of the polishing systems, there were no significant differences in the surface roughness for supra-nanohybrid composite resin (p>0.05). The multistep polishers created lower surface roughness than the one-step polishers for nanohybrid and nanoceramic composites. In terms of the composite resins, supra-nanohybrid composite exhibited lower surface roughness than nanohybrid composite for all polishing systems (p<0.05). The SEM observations confirmed the surface roughness measurements related to the surface morphology. One-step and two-step polishers created porosity on the surface of nanohybrid and nanoceramic composites. EDS analysis indicated the elemental composition of the particles in the porous zones was quite close to diamond abrasives and glass fillers.

Influence of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness of Composite Resins: Polishability of Composite Resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. E122-E132 ◽  
Author(s):  
L St-Pierre ◽  
C Martel ◽  
H Crépeau ◽  
MA Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Final Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Step

SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare, with a threshold value of 200 nm, the surface roughness obtained when using 12 different polishing systems on four different composite resins (microfill, nanofill, and two nanohybrids). Methods and Materials: A total of 384 convex specimens were made using Durafill VS, Filtek Supreme Ultra, Grandio SO, and Venus Pearl. After sandblasting and finishing with a medium-grit finishing disc, initial surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester. Specimens were polished using 12 different polishing systems: Astropol, HiLuster Plus, D♦Fine, Diacomp, ET Illustra, Sof-Lex Wheels, Sof-Lex XT discs, Super-Snap, Enhance/Pogo, Optrapol, OneGloss and ComposiPro Brush (n=8). The final surface roughness was measured, and data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons were made using protected Fisher least significant difference. Results: There were statistical differences in the final surface roughness between polishing systems and between composite resins (p<0.05). The highest surface roughness was observed for all composite resins polished with OneGloss and ComposiPro Brush. Enhance/Pogo and Sof-Lex Wheels produced a mean surface roughness greater than the 200-nm threshold on Filtek Supreme Ultra, Grandio SO, and Venus Pearl. Data showed that there was an interaction between the composite resins and the polishing systems. Conclusions: A single polishing system does not perform equally with all composite resins. Except for Optrapol, multi-step polishing systems performed generally better than one-step systems. Excluding Enhance/Pogo, diamond-impregnated polishers led to lower surface roughness. Durafill VS, a microfill composite resin, may be polished more predictably with different polishers.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Oxidation of Ti15Mo Alloy—The Impact of Anodization Parameters on Surface Morphology of Nanostructured Oxide Layers

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jarosz ◽  
Leszek Zaraska ◽  
Marcin Kozieł ◽  
Wojciech Simka ◽  
Grzegorz D. Sulka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Oxide Layers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanostructured Oxide ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

It is well-known that the structure and composition of the material plays an important role in the processes occurring at the surface. In this paper, a surface morphology of nanostructured oxide layers electrochemically grown on Ti15Mo, tuned by applying different anodization parameters, was investigated in detail. The one-step anodization of Ti15Mo alloy was performed at room temperature in an ethylene glycol-based electrolyte containing 0.11 M NH4F and 1.11 M H2O. Different anodization times (ranging from 5 to 60 min) and applied potentials (40–100 V) were tested, and the surface morphology, elemental content, and crystalline structure were monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The results showed that contrary to the multistep anodization of titanium foil, the surface morphology of anodic oxide obtained via the one-step process contains the nanoporous outer layer covering the nanotubular structure. What is more, the pore diameter (Dp) and interpore distance (Dint) of such layers exhibit different trends than those observed for anodization of pure titanium. In particular, at a certain potential range, a decrease in both Dp and Dint with increasing potential was observed. However, independently on the used anodization conditions, the elemental content of oxide layers remained similar, showing the amount of molybdenum at c.a. 15 wt.%. Finally, the amorphous nature of as-anodized layers was confirmed, and their optical band-gap was determined from the diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectra. It was found that Eg is tunable to some extent by changing the anodizing potential. However, further thermal treatment in air at 400 °C resulted in the anatase phase formation that was accompanied by a significant Eg reduction. Therefore, we believe that the presented results will greatly contribute to the understanding of anodic formation of nanostructured functional oxide layers with tunable properties that can be applied in various fields.

scholarly journals Kekasaran Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanofilled dan Nanohybrid Setelah Paparan Asap Rokok Kretek

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Johanna Chandra ◽  
Laksmiari Setyowati ◽  
Setyabudi Setyabudi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite

Background: Cigarette smoking is a public health problem that may influence physical properties of dental composites. Surface roughness is one of the physical properties of restorative materials that can influence their success. The use of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites in dentistry has substantially increased over the past few years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke. Methods: Twelve cylindrical specimens were prepared of each material and divided into two groups (n=6). For the control groups, the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours at 37oC and the water was renewed daily. For the experimental groups, the specimens were exposed daily to kretek cigarette smoke, then washed and stored in distilled water at 37oC. After 21 days, specimens were measured using a Surface Roughness Tester and the data was statistically analyzed. Result: Independent-T Test revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the surface roughness between control and experimental groups both nanofilled and nanohybrid, and between experimental groups nanofilled and nanohybrid. Conclusion: The exposure to kretek cigarette smoke can significantly increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composites more than nanofilled composites.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effects of Coolants on Surface Quality and Mechanical Properties of Micromilled Thin-Walled Elgiloy

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Qu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jiadai Xue ◽  
Yun Fan ◽  
Zuhui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
Core Component ◽  
The Core ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The One

In this study, minimum quantity coolant/lubrication (MQCL) is found to have significant impact on the surface quality and mechanical properties of the micromilled thin-walled work piece that is the core component of an aeroaccelerometer. Three kinds of coolants were used in the micromilling process to analyze their effects on surface quality and mechanical properties of the component. The experiment results show that an appropriate dynamic viscosity of coolant helps to improve surface roughness. The high evaporation rate of the coolants can enhance the cooling performance. Comparing with the dry machining case, MQCL has better performance on improving tool wear, surface quality, and mechanical properties of the micromilled work piece. It yielded up to 1.4–10.4% lower surface roughness compared with the dry machining case in this experiment. The machined work piece with the best mechanical properties and the one with the worst mechanical properties appeared in the ethyl alcohol and the dry machining case, respectively. The reasons for deteriorating surface quality and mechanical properties in dry machining cases are also analyzed. For improving the micromilling process, the penetration and cooling effect of the coolants are more important. This paper gives references to obtain better service performance of the component by improving the micromilling process.

scholarly journals Impact of Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Alfawaz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
One Step ◽  
Polishing Procedures ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this article is to evaluate the influence of finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness and microhardness of two composite resins with two different types of polishing systems. Materials and methods A total of 30 disk-shaped specimens of nanocomposite Filtek™ Z350 and Ceram-X® were prepared. They were divided into three groups. The control group (n = 10) received no finishing and polishing. The remaining specimens were divided into two groups, and they received polishing and finishing either with PoGo or Sof-Lex system. After the polishing procedures, average surface roughness (Ra) was assessed with a surface profilometer. The microhardness was determined using a Vickers hardness test. The data were tabulated and analyzed. Results The smoothest surfaces were noticed with the control group (Mylar strips) in both composite materials tested. The PoGo one-step polishing system showed significantly better surface roughness compared with the Sof-Lex polishing system. The microhardness did not show any significant variations after finishing and polishing. Conclusion It can be concluded that the use of PoGo® onestep polishing system resulted in smoother surface with both composite materials studied compared with the Sof-Lex system. The finishing and polishing system had little influence on the surface microhardness. Clinical significance The finishing procedure and polishing system can affect the physical properties and performance of resin composites. How to cite this article Alfawaz Y. Impact of Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Nanocomposites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):647-651.

scholarly journals New experimental zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite and the outcome of its surface roughness and microhardness in comparison with commercialized nanofilled and microhybrid composite resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
NikRozainah Nik Abdul Ghani ◽  
GalvinSim Siang Lin ◽  
NoorHuda Ismail ◽  
Kiran Singbal ◽  
TahirYusuf Noorani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite

scholarly journals Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Kyoizumi ◽  
Junji Yamada ◽  
Toshimitsu Suzuki ◽  
Masafumi Kanehira ◽  
Werner J Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Glass Fillers ◽  
Glass Filler ◽  
Representative Samples

ABSTRACT Aim To investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. Materials and methods Toothbrushes (DENT. EX Slimhead II 33, Lion Dental Products Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) marked as soft, medium and hard, were used to brush 10 beam-shaped specimens of each of three composites resins (Venus [VEN], Venus Diamond [VED] and Venus Pearl [VEP]; HeraeusKulzer) with standardized calcium carbonate slurry in a multistation testing machine (2N load, 60 Hz). After each of five cycles with 10k brushing strokes the wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens were determined. After completion of 50k strokes representative samples were inspected by SEM. Data were treated with ANOVA and regression analyses (p < 0.05). Results Abrasion of the composite resins increased linearly with increasing number of brushing cycles (r2 > 0.9). Highest wear was recorded for VEN, lowest for VED. Hard brushes produced significantly higher wear on VEN and VEP, whereas no difference in wear by toothbrush type was detected for VED. Significantly highest surface roughness was found on VED specimens (Ra > 1.5 μm), the lowest one on VEN (Ra < 0.3 μm). VEN specimens showed increased numbers of pinhole defects when brushed with hard toothbrushes, surfaces of VEP were uniformly abraded without level differences between the prepolymerized fillers and the glass filler-loaded matrix, VED showed large glass fillers protruding over the main filler-loaded matrix portion under each condition. Conclusion Abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins produced by toothbrushing with dentifrice depend mainly on the type of restorative resin. Hardness grades of toothbrushes have minor effects only on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. No relationship was found between abrasion and surface roughness. Clinical significance The grade of the toothbrush used has minor effect on wear, texture and roughness of the composite resin. How to cite this article Kyoizumi H, Yamada J, Suzuki T, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Sasaki K. Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1137-1144.

scholarly journals Superficial Effects of Different Finishing and Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Color Change of Resin-Based CAD/CAM Blocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Numan Aydın ◽  
Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Bilge Ersöz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
One Step ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

Objective: CAD/CAM blocks are widely used in dental restorations around the world. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different polishing and finishing systems on surface roughness and color change of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks. Material and Methods: In this study, material samples of 2×7×12mm were prepared. In three different experimental groups, surface polishing was carried out with one-step, two-step and multi-step polishing systems. The samples in one subgroup of each experimental group were polished with the diamond paste. Once the initial roughness and color values of the samples were measured using a profilometer and a spectrophotometer, the samples were immersed in coffee. Surface roughness and color change (∆E00) results were statistically analyzed using two-way variance analysis (ANOVA). Results: Finishing and polishing systems created significantly different levels of surface roughness on the hybrid ceramic block (Vita Enamic) but not on the composites block (Brilliant Crios, Grandio Blocs). While the two-step and multi-step finishing and polishing systems produced the lowest color change on hybrid ceramic blocks, one-step and two-step systems achieved this on composite blocks (p<0.05). In all test groups, the supplementary polishing performed after regular polishing procedures helped us reduce the surface roughness and color change on CAD/CAM blocks.  Conclusions: The findings obtained in this study suggest that one and two-step polishing systems are more suitable for resin-based composite CAD/CAM blocks; for hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM blocks, on the other hand, two and multi-step finishing and polishing systems seem to be more efficient concerning lower surface roughness and resistance to color changes.

Surface Roughness and Gloss of Actual Composites as Polished With Different Polishing Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Rodrigues-Junior ◽  
P Chemin ◽  
PP Piaia ◽  
JL Ferracane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Small Area ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Average Surface Roughness ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

SUMMARY Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of polishing with different polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of commercial composites. Methods: One hundred disk-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm thick) were made with Filtek P-90, Filtek Z350 XT, Opallis, and Grandio. The specimens were manually finished with #400 sandpaper and polished by a single operator using three multistep systems (Superfix, Diamond Pro, and Sof-lex), one two-step system (Polidores DFL), and one one-step system (Enhance), following the manufacturer's instructions. The average surface roughness (μm) was measured with a surface profilometer (TR 200 Surface Roughness Tester), and gloss was measured using a small-area glossmeter (Novo-Curve, Rhopoint Instrumentation, East Sussex, UK). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences in surface roughness were identified by varying the polishing systems (p&lt;0.0001) and by the interaction between polishing system and composite (p&lt;0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed higher surface roughness for Grandio when polished with Sof-Lex and Filtek Z250 and Opallis when polished with Enhance. Gloss was influenced by the composites (p&lt;0.0001), the polishing systems (p&lt;0.0001), and the interaction between them (p&lt;0.0001). The one-step system, Enhance, produced the lowest gloss for all composites. Conclusions: Surface roughness and gloss were affected by composites and polishing systems. The interaction between both also influenced these surface characteristics, meaning that a single polishing system will not behave similarly for all composites. The multistep systems produced higher gloss, while the one-step system produced the highest surface roughness and the lowest gloss of all.

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