scholarly journals PENGARUH ESCHERICHIA COLI DAN GRANULOSIT TERHADAP KADAR REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES SECARA IN VITRO

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Sukarjati Sukarjati ◽  
Doddy M. Soebady ◽  
Aucky Hinting ◽  
Sudjarwo Sudjarwo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Counter

In humans, male genital tract infection has been recognized as one of the causes of infertility. Indicators of the occurrence of genital tract infection are the presence of bacteria during semen culture (bacteriospermia) and the finding of leucocyte of more than 1 million/ml semen (leucotytospermia). Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of prostatitis and epididymitis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of E. coli and granulocytes on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level in vitro. This study comprised of two experiments. In the experiment 1, sperm was incubated with E. coli, and the experiment 2, the sperm was incubated with granulocyte. In those experiments, ROS levels were observed. Spermatozoa were obtained from donor with normal spermatozoa according to WHO (1999). Escherichia coli was obtained by culturing the semen of infertile males. Granulocytes were obtained from donors’ blood. Sperm preparation was made by using Percoll gradient column method. Granulocyte isolation used Histopaque 1077 and 1119. ROS level was detected by means of chemiluminescence method with beta counter device. The result of this study showed that in vitro E. coli had the effect on ROS level, both stimulated by peroxidase (p = 0.000) and PMA (p = 0.006). Granulocyte had effect on ROS level. In peroxidase-stimulated ROS level, there was the effect between spermatozoa and granulocyte-incubated sperm (p = 0.000), granulocyte-incubated sperm and granulocyte (p = 0.002), and sperm and granulocyte (p = 0.000). In PMA-stimulated ROS level, there was effect between sperm and granulocyte-incubated sperm (p = 0.000), sperm and granulocyte (p = 0.000), granulocyte-incubated sperm and granulocyte (p = 0.000). In conclusion, under in vitro experiment, sperm incubated with E. coli and sperm incubated with granulocyte had the effect on the level of the ROS.

scholarly journals Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Action of Ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goswami ◽  
S. H. Mangoli ◽  
N. Jawali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Ciprofloxacin is an important and commonly used member of the fluoroquinolone group of antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and DNA topoisomerase IV activities, eventually leading to bacterial cell death. In addition, an increase of reactive oxygen species in the bacterial cells in response to ciprofloxacin has been shown. We investigated the role of reactive oxygen species in the antibacterial action of ciprofloxacin by studying the effects of different antioxidant compounds on ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Escherichia coli. Among the antioxidants checked, glutathione and ascorbic acid provided substantial protection against ciprofloxacin. The involvement of superoxide anion (O2 −) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the antibacterial action of ciprofloxacin was analyzed using superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase knockout strains of E. coli. The effects of multicopy sod genes on ciprofloxacin susceptibility of E. coli were also analyzed. On the basis of our results, we conclude that O2 − and H2O2 may be involved in antibacterial action of ciprofloxacin. Our findings that glutathione gave protection against other fluoroquinolones and not against nonfluoroquinolone antibiotics imply that reactive oxygen species may have a similar role in the antibacterial action of all these fluoroquinolones and that glutathione-mediated protection is not a general phenomenon but specific to fluoroquinolones. These observations are of significance, as fluoroquinolones are important antibiotics with immense therapeutic value, and the effectiveness of treatment by these drugs may be affected by dietary intake and cellular levels of these antioxidants.

scholarly journals The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Hui ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Duo Han ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Xi Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Oat Bran

In this study, blueberry and blackcurrant powder were chosen as the phenolic-rich enrichments for oat bran. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to form blueberry and blackcurrant enriched oat pastes. An in vitro digestion process evaluated the changes of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant potential of extracts of pastes. The anthocyanidin profiles in the extracts were characterised by the pH differential method. The results showed that blueberry and blackcurrant powder significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of pastes, while the total flavonoid content decreased after digestion compared to the undigested samples. Strong correlations between these bioactive compounds and antioxidant values were observed. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the intracellular antioxidant activity of the extracts from the digested oat bran paste with 25% enrichment of blueberry or blackcurrant powder. The results indicated that the extracts of digested pastes prevented the macrophages from experiencing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mainly by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the bioactive ingredients from blueberry and blackcurrant powder enhanced the in vitro and intracellular antioxidant capacity of oat bran pastes, and these enriched pastes have the potential to be utilised in the development of the functional foods.

scholarly journals Targeting autophagy enhances atezolizumab-induced mitochondria-related apoptosis in osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuochao Liu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Chuanzhen Hu ◽  
Chuanlong Wu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

AbstractIn this study, we identified the multifaceted effects of atezolizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, in tumor suppression except for restoring antitumor immunity, and investigated the promising ways to improve its efficacy. Atezolizumab could inhibit the proliferation and induce immune-independent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. With further exploration, we found that atezolizumab could impair mitochondria of osteosarcoma cells, resulting in increased release of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome-c, eventually leading to mitochondrial-related apoptosis via activating JNK pathway. Nevertheless, the excessive release of reactive oxygen species also activated the protective autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, when we combined atezolizumab with autophagy inhibitors, the cytotoxic effect of atezolizumab on osteosarcoma cells was significantly enhanced in vitro. Further in vivo experiments also confirmed that atezolizumab combined with chloroquine achieved the most significant antitumor effect. Taken together, our study indicates that atezolizumab can induce mitochondrial-related apoptosis and protective autophagy independently of the immune system, and targeting autophagy is a promising combinatorial approach to amplify its cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Clenbuterol—β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist on the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proliferation, Phenotype, Functions, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Race Horses In Vitro

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz ◽  
Rafał Pingwara ◽  
Jarosław Szczepaniak ◽  
Anna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Race Horses

Clenbuterol, the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, is gaining growing popularity because of its effects on weight loss (i.e., chemical liposuction). It is also popular in bodybuilding and professional sports, due to its effects that are similar to anabolic steroids. However, it is prohibited by anti-doping control. On the other hand, it is suggested that clenbuterol can inhibit the inflammatory process. The cells from 14 untrained and 14 well-trained race horses were collected after acute exercise and cultured with clenbuterol. The expressions of CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in PBMC, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as cell proliferation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to enhanced anti-inflammatory properties in well-trained horses, as do low doses in untrained animals. In contrast, higher clenbuterol doses create a pro-inflammatory environment in inexperienced horses. In conclusion, β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to a biphasic response. In addition, the immune cells are more sensitive to drug abuse in inexperienced individuals under physical training.

scholarly journals Vesicular Formation of Trans-Ferulic Acid: an Efficient Approach to Improve the Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rezaeiroshan ◽  
Majid Saeedi ◽  
Katayoun Morteza-Semnani ◽  
Jafar Akbari ◽  
Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production

Abstract Purposes Reactive oxygen species production is harmful to human’s health. The presence of antioxidants in the body may help to diminish reactive oxygen species. Trans-ferulic acid is a good antioxidant, but its low water solubility excludes its utilization. The study aims to explore whether a vesicular drug delivery could be a way to overcome the poor absorption of trans-ferulic acid hence improving its antimicrobial efficiency and antioxidant effect. Methods Niosomal vesicles containing the drug were prepared by film hydration method. The obtained vesicles were investigated in terms of morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, release behavior, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cellular protection study, and antimicrobial evaluations. Results The optimized niosomal formulation had a particle size of 158.7 nm and entrapment efficiency of 21.64%. The results showed that the optimized formulation containing 25 μM of trans-ferulic acid could enhance the viability of human foreskin fibroblast HFF cell line against reactive oxygen species production. The minimum effective dose of the plain drug and the niosomal formulation against Staphylococcus aurous (ATCC 29213) was 750 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL, respectively, and for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), it was 750 µg/mL and 187/5 µg/mL, respectively. The formulation could also improve the minimum bactericidal concentration of the drug in Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Acinobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606). Conclusion These results revealed an improvement in both antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the drug in the niosomal formulation.

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