scholarly journals β-type Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridvan Yamanoglu

In the world market, medical products emerge as a sector that directly concerns people’s life quality and related activities. The medical product industry continues to grow rapidly in the world, especially in developed countries in line with the advances in technology, along with the elderly population and welfare level. In this context, biomedical implants constitute an important branch of the medical product industry. Among the materials preferred for implant production, the metallic biomaterials are very popular due to their superior mechanical properties. Ti and Ti alloys, among the metallic biomaterials, draw more attention considerably compared to stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys due to their characteristic features such as high specific strength and superior corrosion resistance, low density and low modulus of elasticity. Although the elastic modulus of titanium and its alloys is low compared to the other metallic biomaterials, it remains higher than bone. β-type Ti alloys have been developed to prevent the stress shielding effect caused by the elastic modulus mismatch and sterilization of the biomaterials used in the body from toxic alloy elements. In this article, the effect of the use of β-type Ti alloys, which are extremely prospective materials and open to development, in the body on host organisms, and the efficiency of the developed alloys have been investigated.

2017 ◽  
pp. 1605-1624
Author(s):  
Seda Yıldırım ◽  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Ayfer Gedikli

Nowadays, sustainable growth and development are main economic policies for the countries all over the world. Decreasing natural resources, deepening environmental pollution and global warming problems are red alert of our planet. Every single country on the earth has the responsibility to protect our planet. So, increasing environmental awareness caused new tendencies in consumer behaviors. Countries aim not to pollute or harm the environment while improving their economic performance and life quality by green economy. Besides, by sustainable consumption, it is aimed to support personal sustainable development. In this context, sustainable consumption trends and the reflections of green economy applications in the world will be discussed in this chapter. In addition, developed countries and developing countries will be compared with each other through results of global ecological footprint.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Ihsan Fadhilah ◽  
Bahagia Loebis ◽  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Nazli Mahdinasari Nasution ◽  
Elmeida Effendy

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia according to the world health organization is one of the top ten causes of disability in developed countries around the world. Because of the severity, chronicity, and prevalence of schizophrenia, it has a very large economic burden. Magnesium is a micronutrient needed by the body which can affect mental health. Erythrocyte magnesium levels are considered more sensitive than serum magnesium levels to reflect intracellular magnesium status. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the differences in erythrocyte magnesium levels between men with schizophrenia who received risperidone and haloperidol treatment at Prof. Dr. M Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital, Medan. METHODS: This study is an intention to treat and is an experimental pre-test and post-test that compares two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. The sampling method is non-probability sampling with a consecutive sampling type. The research was conducted at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital Medan between July and October 2019. The subjects of the study were 60 men with schizophrenia, namely, 30 who received risperidone and 30 who received haloperidol. RESULTS: There was a difference in the levels of male erythrocyte magnesium with schizophrenia who received risperidone and haloperidol between the initial week and the third week with a value of p = 0.007. Where there was a higher increase in the haloperidol group which showed a significant difference, namely, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The increase in magnesium levels will improve the symptoms of schizophrenia where magnesium activity decreases glutamate release associated with N-Methyl D-Aspartate receptors and results in the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Ramaswamy Naik

Background: The cancer is caused when cells start dividing abnormally in the body. Age, genetics and lifestyle are major risk factors in developing cancer. The World Cancer Research Fund states that colorectal cancer incidence is globally ranked third in men and second in women. This highlights the need for effective screening and management of colorectal cancer to achieve better prognosis to prevent mortality and morbidity. Screening and management are not uniform all over the world, and it is affected by the economy of individual countries. In this context, we aimed to explore the prognosis of colorectal cancer in developed and developing countries and also to look for the factors affecting the prognosis.Material and Methods: A systematic search of the peer-reviewed journals from databases at Perdana University library which includes British Medical Journal, Up To Date, The Lancet, and Pubmed was done to answer the research questions. Results: We found that developed countries were in the west having a predominantly Caucasian population. The 5-year survival of patients with colorectal cancer (2008-13) was found to be least in Poland and the highest in Australia. In the developing countries it was found to have a broad representation from different ethnicities. The 5-year survival of colorectal cancer fwas ound to be least in Ghana and highest in Turkey.Conclusion: Looking at the results, the range of prognosis among developed countries is narrower than those in developing countries. This may be due to standardized screening and treatment practice in developed countries.


Author(s):  
Amrita Poonia

Obesity is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. The main causes of obesity are lifestyle, less physical activity, and increased health problems. Overweight and obesity have increased over the past 20 years in many regions of the world, particularly the prevalence of obesity in childhood. It is not only a problem of developed countries but also becoming a growing burden for the developing countries. Functional foods might play important role in prevention or treatment of overweight. Functional foods for obesity influences the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis).


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Hady Soedarwanto

The toy product industry is currently stretching and becoming one of the major companies in the world. Those industries are still monopolized by developed countries. Developing countries such as Indonesia have the opportunity to participate in the competition of the toy product industry. The way to deal with the problem is by developing existing potential by utilizing existing local wisdom. Through research on local toys, it is expected to be an opportunity for the possibility of that competition. By using three phenomena in design is expected to open many changes for many new possibilities in the toy industry. The design phenomena are the basic needs tendency (Vitruvius Theory), social needs tendencies (Sir Henry Wotton's theory) and local wisdom tendencies (Viktor Papanek, Schulz and Y.B.Mangunwijaya's Theory). The theory is used to extract the values of basic needs, social needs and local wisdom that is typical of the toy in order to get the variables of the design requirements to be used in the development of scientific design, especially toy product design. The results of this study get about how the design fulfills its basic needs, fulfills its social needs and raises the value of its local wisdom.


2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Svitlana Birbirenko ◽  
◽  
Yuliia Zhadanova ◽  
Natalia Banket ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. Modern Ukrainian enterprises operate in conditions of uncertainty and risk which could develop in unpredictable way. Currently the critical situation for Ukrainian economy is determined by the spread of pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19, which has acquired a global nature. Under the circumstances which has brought the pandemic, many Ukrainian enterprises approached the verge of bankruptcy due to the absence of management mechanism, which main objective is ensuring of economic resilience and maximum management efficiency and creating ability for prospective growth of their potential under the circumstances of force majeure. The objective of this paper is to study an influence of pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19 on economic resilience of Ukrainian enterprises with defining of negative and positive aspects for creation of a background which would enable a development of Ukrainian business in the future. Results. The global spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 contributed to risk of recession in the world economy, index of world GDP growth for 2019 equals 2.9%, while the predicted values display its reduction by 3% for 2020, and by 5.8% in 2021. The GDP growth for Ukraine in 2019 equals 3.2%, its reduction in 2020 will make 7.7% and reduction predicted for 2021 makes 3.6%. The number of unemployed has increased in 2020 by 48% compared to the same period of 2019, and according to the forecasts of National Bank of Ukraine in ІІІ quarter of 2020 the rate of unemployment will grow by 12% compared to І quarter of the year. The arrears in wage equal USD 112.7 million. The state budget income deficit equals 29.6%, and specifically customs revenue has decreased by 32.2%. The fiscal revenue for May 2020 displays a slippage by 8.5% compared to May 2019. Currently one third of Ukrainian enterprises lost about 50-75% of their revenue. Most of enterprises of Ukraine show a remarkable growth of accounts receivable, and 7% of enterprises came to a near halt. It means that a new crisis will only make the make larger a rupture between Ukraine and developed countries both in aspect of competitiveness of economy and in that life quality. With regard to necessity of resumption of the operation of enterprises and ensuring their economic resilience almost all countries in the world, which were affected by the pandemic, take certain measures for resuscitation. The major part of the affected countries of the world, including Ukraine, showed their unpreparedness to face the challenges like a pandemic of coronavirus infection. The hard circumstances that Ukrainian entrepreneurs have got in were resulted not only from external political and economic factors, but were determined by the instruments of internal policy of Ukraine, what has led to reduction of business activity, reduction in public consumption and unemployment growth, which factors eventually undermine the mechanism of reproduction in national economy. Another factor which influences Ukrainian economy in a deleterious way is a reduction in global demand, which contributes to a decline in export capabilities of the country. Almost every economic sector of Ukraine sustained major losses, which have significantly influenced the general state of state economy. Only in case of fulfillment by Cabinet of Ministers and National Bank of Ukraine of economically justified efficient anti-crisis program the state has chance to survive the crisis with damages lower than other countries will have. Despite the deleterious effect that coronavirus exercises on Ukrainian economy, there are also some positive aspects of this situation, and the main of them is gaining experience, which would be able to help in the future while managing the country’s own economic resilience to take into account an option functioning in critical circumstances of global extent. Conclusions. The main problem of Ukrainian business nowadays is the poor knowledge of strategies of enterprise functioning in conditions of force majeure of global extent. The key aspects of efficient anti-crisis program on ensuring of economic resilience of Ukrainian enterprises must include risk assessment, development of well-defined business plan, increasing adaptivity to threats which occur under conditions of continuous business processes and constant iteration and business renewal, which has to face any challenge both on national and global level.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1081-1099
Author(s):  
Amrita Poonia

Obesity is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. The main causes of obesity are lifestyle, less physical activity, and increased health problems. Overweight and obesity have increased over the past 20 years in many regions of the world, particularly the prevalence of obesity in childhood. It is not only a problem of developed countries but also becoming a growing burden for the developing countries. Functional foods might play important role in prevention or treatment of overweight. Functional foods for obesity influences the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis).


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat R. Safiullin ◽  
Gulnaz M. Galeeva ◽  
Raushaniya I. Zinurova

This paper considers the differentiation of the development level of some countries of the world using different models of socio-economic development. The study consisted of several stages and was based on data published on the official websites of the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. In this regard, we studied the methods for assessing the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the development of countries in the world economy. We also studied the leading countries in terms of socio-economic development, strategies and their competitive advantages, and identified priority areas for the development of the economies of countries under consideration during the analyzed period. This paper presents an analysis of economic parameters, a comparison of national economies, their development dynamics using quantitative indicators of economic growth. According to the study, China has prospects for a great leap forward in economic development, the United States is the leader in many respects, and Japan has slowed down in economic growth and risks continuing to suffer losses in a number of economic indicators. Chad, India, China and developed countries have strong differentiation in terms of per capita GDP growth rates according to PPPs. All this speaks of the processes of strengthening differentiation, taking place in the world economy, widening the gap in the level of life quality among countries


Author(s):  
Seda Yıldırım ◽  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Ayfer Gedikli

Nowadays, sustainable growth and development are main economic policies for the countries all over the world. Decreasing natural resources, deepening environmental pollution and global warming problems are red alert of our planet. Every single country on the earth has the responsibility to protect our planet. So, increasing environmental awareness caused new tendencies in consumer behaviors. Countries aim not to pollute or harm the environment while improving their economic performance and life quality by green economy. Besides, by sustainable consumption, it is aimed to support personal sustainable development. In this context, sustainable consumption trends and the reflections of green economy applications in the world will be discussed in this chapter. In addition, developed countries and developing countries will be compared with each other through results of global ecological footprint.


2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
Radoslav Grujic

To resolve the problem of lack of food in the World within primary food production, processing and procedures of preserving, new methods have been implemented (implementation of materials for protection, medications utilization of new areas for production purposes, use of GM microorganisms plants, even animals, utilization of food additives, introduction of new procedures of preservation, etc) However, these procedures do not always move in the direction of ensuring food safety. Implementation of mentioned procedures creates resistance by consumers. The opinion and the attitude about this issue are very important all over the World. According to recent research performed in last five years, most of the population of developed and semi-developed countries considers food safety a priority, as second place the presence of ingredients that can be harmful for human health and as third the content of nutrients required for normal functioning of the body. The WHO, CAC, WTO and other international institutions support these attitudes of consumers. There is more and more obvious pressure on food producers to preserve the environment, which has resulted in the introduction of production procedures known as "cleaning production".Regardless of which procedure is involved, it is necessary to implement the efficient quality control system and food safety. It is mandatory to request the compulsory implementation of different systems that are defined through the GMR GHR HACCR ISO 9000. In food production, these systems are complementary and only with full implementation of all of them in practice will if be possible to ensure the continuous production of quality and safe products. Food production must be seen as an undisturbed chain: primary production, transport, processing, storage, distribution and consumption. With strict implementation of the mentioned standards in all parts of the chain, the risk of injuries and poisoning of consumers will be decreased to the minimum, and the whole chain will be under control.


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