Recent Trends in Functional Foods for Obesity Management

2022 ◽  
pp. 1081-1099
Author(s):  
Amrita Poonia
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Obesity is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. The main causes of obesity are lifestyle, less physical activity, and increased health problems. Overweight and obesity have increased over the past 20 years in many regions of the world, particularly the prevalence of obesity in childhood. It is not only a problem of developed countries but also becoming a growing burden for the developing countries. Functional foods might play important role in prevention or treatment of overweight. Functional foods for obesity influences the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis).

Recent Trends in Functional Foods for Obesity Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Amrita Poonia
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Obesity is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. The main causes of obesity are lifestyle, less physical activity, and increased health problems. Overweight and obesity have increased over the past 20 years in many regions of the world, particularly the prevalence of obesity in childhood. It is not only a problem of developed countries but also becoming a growing burden for the developing countries. Functional foods might play important role in prevention or treatment of overweight. Functional foods for obesity influences the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis).

Obesity prevalence and contributing factors among adolescents in secondary schools in Pemagatshel district, Bhutan

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Norbu ◽  
Ugyen Wangdi ◽  
Desang Dorji ◽  
Dumrongkiet Arthan ◽  
Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
School Food ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Food Recall ◽  
Teenage Obesity

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity has increased globally, with childhood and adolescent obesity being more common in developed countries. There has been no study on teenage obesity in Bhutan. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in Bhutan for the first time in order to provide a baseline for future researchers. Methods The investigation, which included 392 adolescents, aimed to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its contributing factors. Anthropometric measurements, food recall and knowledge, attitude, behaviour and environment questionnaires were administered. The body mass index (BMI) cut-off points for adolescents matched with those of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants were 7.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 1.0% in females and 0.5% in males (p < 0.001). There were significant (p < 0.001) correlations between BMI and other variables; however, Pearson’s χ2 test uncovered no significant associations. BMI also had no significant associations with attitude, behaviour, environment and distance travelled to school. Food recall results revealed the following findings for average food consumption: total energy intake, 3522.6 kcal; fat, 47.6 g; carbohydrate, 690.2 g; protein, 90.5 g; fibre, 20.3 g; and sodium, 12.5 g. Conclusion The results of this study clarified the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Bhutan, who require appropriate strategies for combating overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals β-type Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridvan Yamanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Product ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
The World ◽  
Product Industry

In the world market, medical products emerge as a sector that directly concerns people’s life quality and related activities. The medical product industry continues to grow rapidly in the world, especially in developed countries in line with the advances in technology, along with the elderly population and welfare level. In this context, biomedical implants constitute an important branch of the medical product industry. Among the materials preferred for implant production, the metallic biomaterials are very popular due to their superior mechanical properties. Ti and Ti alloys, among the metallic biomaterials, draw more attention considerably compared to stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys due to their characteristic features such as high specific strength and superior corrosion resistance, low density and low modulus of elasticity. Although the elastic modulus of titanium and its alloys is low compared to the other metallic biomaterials, it remains higher than bone. β-type Ti alloys have been developed to prevent the stress shielding effect caused by the elastic modulus mismatch and sterilization of the biomaterials used in the body from toxic alloy elements. In this article, the effect of the use of β-type Ti alloys, which are extremely prospective materials and open to development, in the body on host organisms, and the efficiency of the developed alloys have been investigated.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity in a Swiss city: 10-year trends

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 914-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula G Kyle ◽  
Michel P Kossovsky ◽  
Laurence Genton ◽  
Claude Pichard
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Leisure Time Activity

AbstractBackgroundIncreased rates of overweight/obesity have been reported in recent years in developed countries. This population study of healthy subjects evaluated the changes in overweight/obesity prevalence in 2003, compared with 1993, and determined the association of age, sex and leisure-time activity with body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI).DesignTwo transversal samples of convenience.ParticipantsHealthy volunteers (1993, n = 802; 2003, n = 1631).MethodsFat-free mass was determined using the bioelectrical impedance multiple regression equation. Multivariable linear regression, including confounding variables (age, sex, leisure-time activity), was used to model the body composition evolution between the 1993 and the 2003 subjects.ResultsBMI and FMI were higher in 2003 than in 1993, P < 0.001. FFMI was not higher in 2003 than in 1993, P = 0.38. More subjects were overweight/obese in 2003 than in 1993 (27.5 versus 17.2%, chi-square P < 0.001), and had a high FFMI (30.2 versus 21.8%, chi-square P < 0.001) and high FMI (28.0 versus 20.3%, chi-square P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regressions showed that leisure-time activity was negatively, and sex, age and inclusion year were positively associated with BMI, FFMI and FMI (the exception was a negative association with sex) (P < 0.001).ConclusionOverweight prevalence increased between 1993 and 2003 in a Swiss city, and was associated with a higher fat mass. This observation remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex and leisure-time activity.

scholarly journals High D(+)-Fructose Diet Adversely Affects Testicular Weight Gain in Weaning Rats—Protection by Moderate D(+)-Glucose Diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. NMI.S12584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Shibata ◽  
Tsutomu Fukuwatari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
The Developed Countries

The use of high D(+)-fructose corn syrup has increased over the past several decades in the developed countries, while overweight and obesity rates and the related diseases have risen dramatically. However, we found that feeding a high D(+)-fructose diet (80% D(+)-fructose as part of the diet) to weaning rats for 21 days led to reduced food intake (50% less, P < 0.0001) and thus delayed the weight gains in the body (40% less, P < 0.0001) and testes (40% less, P < 0.0001) compared to the no D(+)-fructose diet. We also challenged a minimum requirement of dietary D(+)-glucose for preventing the adverse effects of D(+)-fructose, such as lower food intake and reduction of body weight and testicular weight; the minimum requirement of D(+)-glucose was ã23% of the diet. This glucose amount may be the minimum requirement of exogenous glucose for reducing weight gain.

scholarly journals Differences in Erythrocyte Magnesium Levels between Men with Schizophrenia Treated with Risperidone and Haloperidol in Prof. Dr. M Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Ihsan Fadhilah ◽  
Bahagia Loebis ◽  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Nazli Mahdinasari Nasution ◽  
Elmeida Effendy
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intracellular Magnesium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia according to the world health organization is one of the top ten causes of disability in developed countries around the world. Because of the severity, chronicity, and prevalence of schizophrenia, it has a very large economic burden. Magnesium is a micronutrient needed by the body which can affect mental health. Erythrocyte magnesium levels are considered more sensitive than serum magnesium levels to reflect intracellular magnesium status. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the differences in erythrocyte magnesium levels between men with schizophrenia who received risperidone and haloperidol treatment at Prof. Dr. M Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital, Medan. METHODS: This study is an intention to treat and is an experimental pre-test and post-test that compares two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. The sampling method is non-probability sampling with a consecutive sampling type. The research was conducted at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital Medan between July and October 2019. The subjects of the study were 60 men with schizophrenia, namely, 30 who received risperidone and 30 who received haloperidol. RESULTS: There was a difference in the levels of male erythrocyte magnesium with schizophrenia who received risperidone and haloperidol between the initial week and the third week with a value of p = 0.007. Where there was a higher increase in the haloperidol group which showed a significant difference, namely, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The increase in magnesium levels will improve the symptoms of schizophrenia where magnesium activity decreases glutamate release associated with N-Methyl D-Aspartate receptors and results in the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic system.

scholarly journals The Relationship among Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Dynamic Balance, and Sleep Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geubrina Kananda ◽  
Eka Roina Megawati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Fall Injury ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

According to the World Health Organization in 2010, overweight and obesity are the fifth risk factors of the cause of death in the world. Obesity is influenced by the level of physical activity and it could cause a disturbance in dynamic balance and induce sleep disorder known as sleep apnea. Meanwhile, the lack of physical activity also affects the dynamic balance that can increase the risk of fall injury during the dynamic physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body mass index, physical activity, the dynamic balance, and sleep patterns. The subjects of this study were 72 young adults aged 20 years in average, consisted of 47 males and 25 females. The body mass index was undertaken by dividing the body weight (kg) and height in meter square (m2). The level of physical activity was performed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Meanwhile, the dynamic balance was measured by using the modified Bass test; while sleep patterns was measured by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. This study found that there was a significant association between BMI and dynamic balance with p value = 0.006 (p 0.05); whereas physical activity was not significantly associated to the dynamic balance (p0.05). Meanwhile, body mass index and physical activity were not significantly associated to sleep patterns (p 0.05). This study concludes that body mass index has a significant association to dynamic balance. Meanwhile, dynamic balance is highly needed in carrying out dynamic physical activity to avoid fall injury.

scholarly journals OBESITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
FARHEEN UMAR QURESHI ◽  
JAWAD HUSSAIN ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined only to developed countries but is also widely prevalent in developing countries. The study under report relates to determining prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescent school boys. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys of public and private secondary schools, Faisalabad, and to relate it with their dietary style and physical activity. Study Design: Cross sectional and institutional based study. Methods: A total of 600 school boys of different age groups from the classes 6th to 10th were randomly selected and included for anthropometric measurements to categorize them into normal, overweight and obese individual. Their diet pattern and physical activity records were taken to correlate it with the obesity level. Results: The collected data revealed that 423 (70.5%) boys were normal. Whereas 98 (16.3%) were found to be overweight. Out of these, 72 (24.0%) were from private schools; while 26 (8.7%) were from government schools. Only 6 (2.0%) fell into obese category, and all belonged to private schools. No one was found to be obese in government schools. Mean ± SD weights (kg) in government and private school boys were 50.93 ± 7.18 and 56.34 ± 11.94, respectively whereas mean ± SD heights (m) of government and private schools boys were found to be 1.55 ± 6.64 and 1.56 ± 7.92 respectively. The data was statistically analyzed which exhibited significant relation with weight and BMI value. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in boys who ate junk foods and spent more time in watching television and sitting before computers. The findings of this study was found in agreement with certain earlier studies that revealed prevalence of obesity is to be on the increase among the private school boys of the area. It is, therefore, emphasized that regular physical exercise, regulated television viewing, doing household activities, balanced diet and healthy eating habits should be motivated in school children to ensure control of overweight and obesity, in this class of children.

Are Kuwaitis Getting Fatter?

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Naser Al-Isa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The purpose of the study is to compare temporal changes in BMI, overweight (BMI >25 Kg/m2) and obesity) and obesity (BMI >30 Kg/m2) of two independent cross-sectional samples of Kuwaitis studied in 1980–81 and 1993–94. The earlier sample of 2067 (896 men and 1171 women) and the latter sample of 3435 (1730 men and 1705 women) adult Kuwaitis (aged ≥18 years), were drawn from primary health care (PHC) clinics and studied for nutritional assessment and for prevalence of obesity in 1980–81 and 1993–94, respectively. Weight was measured in kilograms and height in meters to obtain the body mass index (BMI), which is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (Kg/m2). BMI >25 and >30 Kg/m2 were classified as overweight and obesity, respectively. The results of the study show that mean BMI (Kg/m2) increased significantly (p < 0.001) by 10.0 and 6.2% (2.5 and 1.7 Kg/m2) among men and women, respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI >25 and >30 Kg/m2) increased by 20.6 and 15.4% and by 13.7 and 8.4% among men and women, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic differences between the two study periods, mean BMI was 2.0 and 1.6 Kg/m2 higher in 1993–94 than in 1980–81 among men and women, respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI >25 and >30 Kg/m2) also increased among both genders between the two periods (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.7–2.7 and OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.4, for men and OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.6–3.0 and OR = 1.4, 95% CI 2.2 CI 1.0–1.9, for women). It can be concluded that the BMI, prevalence of overweight and obesity increased among Kuwaitis between 1980–81 and 1993–94, probably due to the effects of modernization, affluence, increased food consumption and the concomitant changes to sedentary lifestyles. The rate of temporal changes in BMI and obesity were higher, by comparison, in Kuwait than in selected other countries.

scholarly journals The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Northeastern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakimeh Saadatifar ◽  
Hadi Ostadimoghaddam ◽  
Fahimeh Khoshhal ◽  
Frida Jabbari-Azad ◽  
Saman Mohazzab-Torabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess obesity and overweight by WHO criteria in Mashhad, Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 4453 people from Mashhad in 2009. Comprehensive data of age, height, weight, education, and marriage was collected. Overweight and obesity were calculated according to the body mass index (BMI). Results: A total of 1828 participants entered study, of whom 70.4% were women. The mean age of the population was 39.8±13.5 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 36.5% (95% CI 34.3-38.6) and 16.9% (95% CI 15.1-18.8), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 39.0% in men and 35.4% in women which increased significantly by age (P<0.001 & OR=1.055). The prevalence of obesity in men and women was 12.3% and 18.9% respectively which showed women had a significantly higher risk (P<0.001). The risk of overweight and obesity was higher in married but lower in educated people. Conclusion: This study showed a rapid increase in obesity and overweight, especially in women, in Mashhad population as a sample of the Iranian society. Attention to preventive and education plans should be the priority of health policies.

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