scholarly journals GEOGRAPHY OF THE TREES DENSITY IN OPEN WOODLANDS THAT ARE FORMED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE EROSIONAL NETWORK IN THE BELGOROD REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
P.A. Ukrainskiy ◽  
◽  
E.A. Terekhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Weighted Distance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reduced Density

Over the past two decades, in the Belgorod region there has been a spread of woody vegetation along the erosional network. One of the forms of this process is the formation of open woodlands. In this work, we research the density of trees in such light forests. On the territory of the Belgorod region, we chose 200 sites with an area of 1 ha each. We mapped trees inside the sites using mosaics of satellite images Google Map. For this, we used the QGIS program and the plugin Quick Map Services. Based on these data, by interpolation, maps of changes in the density of trees in open woodlands were constructed. To show local variation, interpolation by the method of inverse-weighted distance is used. To identify trends at the subregional and regional level, we applied smoothing interpolation (based on a locally weighted mean according to the Nadaraya-Watson formula.) with a bandwidth of 20 and 50 km, respectively. We performed the interpolation in the environment for statistical computing R using an additional spatstat package. Among 200 plots, tree density ranged from 21 to 415 pcs / ha. On average, it was equal to 111.2 pcs / ha. At the local level, there are no clearly visible patterns. At the subregional level, alternation occurs when moving from west to east areas with increased and reduced density of trees open woodlands. At the regional level, there is a decrease in tree density when moving from the northwest to the southeast.

Community organizing in anti-corruption initiatives through spontaneous participation: Bangladesh perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda Sakib
Keyword(s):  
Community Organizing ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corruption Prevention

Abstract In the past few years, community organizing has been initiated by different government and non-government organizations in corruption prevention through creating social awareness and motivation. The question arises: Can community-based organizations or community organizing empower people to raise their voice to prevent corruption? Based on empirical evidence, this research argues that engaging the community in anti-corruption initiatives can be an effective way to avert corruption and empower people’s voice. The finding shows that anti-corruption initiatives through spontaneous individual and collective involvement at the local level have an impact on creating accountability and transparency. Despite several challenges, these group and individual efforts have had significant results in promoting anti-corruption efforts in Bangladesh. Effective anti-corruption initiatives in engaging the community need ‘spontaneous’ participation by individuals or groups. As such, the government should give primacy of these individuals and groups and use them to create more formalized corruption watchdog bodies at the sub-regional level and make it a stronger National Integrity Systems foundation.

Is the societal dialogue at the local level the future of social dialogue?

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Boulin ◽  
Ulrich Mückenberger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Network Society ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Supranational Level

The modern ‘network society’ restructures the system of ‘voice’ as it has come down from the past. Decision-making is drifting away from particular plants, organisations and institutions, and is becoming fluid — whereas voice remains fixed to plants, organisations and institutions. The tentative thesis put forward in this article is that only both regional/local and global ‘voice networking’ may be capable of coping with the decision-making character of the network society. This leads to efforts to integrate, into the bargaining processes, also representatives of civil society — NGOs on a European and supranational level, various ‘stakeholders' on a local and regional level. This gives two new roles to social dialogue: it has to take place not only on a sectoral, but also on a territorial level (‘la négociation sociale territorialisée’); and it has to ‘open up’ towards the territorial stakeholders (‘le dialogue sociétal’). Local time policies are taken as an example for such a new function of territorial social dialogue.

scholarly journals Can development axes be identified by socio-economic variables? The case of Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Blažek ◽  
Pavlína Netrdová
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Regional Analyses ◽  
The City ◽  
Growth Centres ◽  
Autocorrelation Method

This article aims to contribute to existing analyses of regional development in the post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by conducting a detailed regional analysis at the municipal (LAU II) level in Czechia. The focus on such a detailed regional level allows for the testing of several hypotheses, for which traditional regional analyses based on NUTS II – NUTS III data were insufficient. First, we investigate whether development axes, as used in planning documents, manifest themselves at a higher level of socioeconomic development. Second, we expect the formation of clusters, exhibiting a higher level of socioeconomic development, around strong growth centres, such as the city of Mladá Boleslav. Third, we explore whether increasing differentiation has shifted from the regional level to the microregional/local level during the past 15 years of the post-socialist transformation. To address these hypotheses, we analyze a set of socioeconomic variables with the help of the spatial autocorrelation method, which allows us to generalize the inevitably, highly fragmented patterns found at the local level.

Accelerated Transmission Development For Accelerated Power Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Sher Singh Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Operator

Due to our lack of vision, planning and other mistakes, Nepal is in a very serious situation of load shedding. The nation is about 200 MW deficit of power supply. Hydropower development is an endeavor related with several sectors. It cannot be taken as only a commercial sector considering that businessmen will make all necessary things when there is a demand. In the past, the transmission sector has not been given due importance. Because of the complex nature of Transmission, there should only be one transmission operator in the country. Based on the periodic basin-wise generation plan of the nation, we should prepare an accelerated Development Plan. The Basin Plan should indicate how and where local level, regional level and national level hydro plants will be connected to the grid, and the sequence of developing the basin transmission network.Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 4, January, 2009 Page 8-10

scholarly journals Assessing the Prospects of Transboundary Multihazard Dynamics: The Case of Bhotekoshi—Sunkoshi Watershed in Sino—Nepal Border Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Suraj Lamichhane ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Rocky Talchabhadel ◽  
Bhesh Raj Thapa ◽  
Rabindra Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transboundary Watersheds ◽  
Underlying Causes

The impacts of multihazards have become more pronounced over the past few decades globally. Multiple hazards and their cascading impacts claim enormous losses of lives, livelihoods, and built environment. This paradigm prompts integrated and multidisciplinary perspectives to identify, characterize, and assess the occurrence of multihazards and subsequently design countermeasures considering impending multihazard scenarios at the local level. To this end, we considered one of the most egregious transboundary watersheds, which is regarded as a multihazard hotspot of Nepal, to analyze the underlying causes and cascade scenarios of multihazards, and their associated impacts. In this paper, geophysical, hydrometeorological, and socioeconomic perspectives are formulated to characterize the watershed from the dimension of susceptibility to multihazard occurrence. To characterize the complex dynamics of transboundary multihazard occurrence, insights have been presented from both the Nepali and the Chinese sides. Individual case studies and the interrelation matrix between various natural hazards are also presented so as to depict multihazard consequences in the transboundary region. The sum of the observations highlights that the watershed is highly vulnerable to a single as well as multiple natural hazards that often switch to disasters.

Quantifying recent lake level changes in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile): Back to the future?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ariztegui ◽  
Clément Pollier ◽  
Andrés Bilmes
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rainfall Variations ◽  
The Impact

<p>Lake levels in hydrologically closed-basins are very sensitive to climatically and/or anthropogenically triggered environmental changes. Their record through time can provide valuable information to forecast changes that can have substantial economical and societal impact.</p><p>Increasing precipitation in eastern Patagonia (Argentina) have been documented following years with strong El Niño (cold) events using historical and meteorological data. Quantifying changes in modern lake levels allow determining the impact of rainfall variations while contributing to anticipate the evolution of lacustrine systems over the next decades with expected fluctuations in ENSO frequencies. Laguna Carrilaufquen Grande is located in the intermontane Maquinchao Basin, Argentina. Its dimension fluctuates greatly, from 20 to 55 km<sup>2</sup> water surface area and an average water depth of 3 m. Several well-preserved gravelly beach ridges witness rainfall variations that can be compared to meteorological data and satellite images covering the last ~50 years. Our results show that in 2016 lake level was the lowest of the past 44 years whereas the maximum lake level was recorded in 1985 (+11.8 m above the current lake level) in a position 1.6 km to the east of the present shoreline. A five-years moving average rainfall record of the area was calculated smoothing the extreme annual events and correlated to the determined lake level fluctuations. The annual variation of lake levels was up to 1.2 m (e.g. 2014) whereas decadal variations related to humid-arid periods for the interval 2002 to 2016 were up to 9.4 m. These data are consistent with those from other monitored lakes and, thus, our approach opens up new perspectives to understand the historical water level fluctuations of lakes with non-available monitoring data.</p><p> </p><p>Laguna de los Cisnes in the Chilean section of the island of Tierra del Fuego, is a closed-lake presently divided into two sections of 2.2 and 11.9 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. These two water bodies were united in the past forming a single larger lake. The lake level was  ca. 4 m higher than today as shown by clear shorelines and the outcropping of large Ca-rich microbialites. Historical data, aerial photographs and satellite images indicate that the most recent changes in lake level are the result of a massive decrease of water input during the last half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century triggered by an indiscriminate use of the incoming water for agricultural purposes. The spectacular outcropping of living and fossil microbialites is not only interesting from a scientific point of view but has also initiated the development of the site as a local touristic attraction. However, if the use of the incoming water for agriculture in the catchment remains unregulated the lake water level might drop dangerously and eventually the lake might fully desiccate.</p><p>These two examples illustrate how recent changes in lake level can be used to anticipate the near future of lakes. They show that ongoing climate changes along with the growing demand of natural resources have already started to impact lacustrine systems and this is likely to increase in the decades to come.</p>

scholarly journals The Museum System of Modern Kazakhstan: Classification and Typology of Museums

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Abay Satubaldin ◽  
Kunikey Sakhiyeva
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
District Level ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This article discusses the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and offers, for the first time ever, a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In recent years in independent Kazakhstan, on the basis of the Soviet system, a modern museum network has been formed which currently lists 250 museums. Among them are 17 national-level museums, 54 at the regional level, 73 at the provincial level, 103 branches of regional- and district-level museums and four private museums.The purpose of this article is to analyse the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and develop a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In the course of the study, conducted in 2017–2018, data was collected on the activities of museums at the national, regional and district levels over the past seven years. From the results of this investigation, the museums of Kazakhstan were systematized according to the subject or topic of the museum (e.g. history, art, scientific), its affiliation (national, regional district), and by size, measured by number of employees.

scholarly journals Negotiating Roles and Routines in Collaborative Investigative Journalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Konow-Lund
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Haven ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Traditional Understanding ◽  
Media Company

Over the past two decades, the practice of investigative journalism has been reconstructed via the rise of journalistic networks around the world that have layered collaboration atop what had long been an individual pursuit. Among the recent successes of collaborative investigative journalism was the cross-border effort to expose the tax haven leaks that included the Panama Papers (2016). Due to such notable accomplishments, research on cross-border collaboration is increasing, but the ways in which this pooling of resources, time, and networks has impacted practice on a daily basis remain under-investigated. This article looks at how organizations and actors in emerging and legacy newsrooms are negotiating their routines and roles while developing new practices in investigative journalism. It uses three organizations as cases: Bristol Cable, a journalistic co-op operating at the community/local level; the Bureau Local, a local/national data-coordinating news desk; and <em>The Guardian</em>, a legacy media company that has long operated at the national/global level. This article finds that, in the transitions of traditional organizations and journalists and the emergence of new innovative organizations and non-journalistic actors, actors involved in collaborative investigative journalism deploy a language of justification regarding rules between the new and the old. It also finds that concepts such as coordination are part of this negotiation, and that knowledge and knowledge generation are taking place within a traditional understanding of journalism, as the “new” is normalized over time.

Another Look at WIC’s Breastfeeding Data: State Totals Reveal More Than Regional Averages

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Salzhauer Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

Background: Breastfeeding is known to be the most beneficial way of feeding infants, but 68% of the infants enrolled in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children are fully formula fed. Mandated annual reports about breastfeeding aggregate data from the states into regions, which obscures important information. Research Aim: The aim of this study is to reexamine the data supplied by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children to identify which areas of the United States have the lowest incidence of breastfeeding infants. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Data from the Breastfeeding Data Local Agency Report were extracted, graphed, and analyzed. Results: Data provided from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children for fiscal year 2016 show that the range of fully formula fed infants at the regional level is 60% to 78%, while at the state level the range is wider, at 51% to 89%. The states with the largest numbers of fully formula fed infants were Mississippi (89%), Louisiana (88%), Alabama (88%), and Arkansas (87%). When examining data from all 90 reporting agencies, the range of fully formula fed infants was 38% to 95%. Conclusions: Aggregating state, Native American nation, and territorial data at the regional level resulted in a loss of important information. WIC’s current breastfeeding interventions may be more effective in some areas than others. Future research can examine successful and unsuccessful interventions on a state or local level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document