scholarly journals Geographical Weighted Regression of Risk Factor of Stunting in Malang Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adipandang Yudono ◽  
Joko Purnomo ◽  
Ratnaningsih Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Geographical Weighted Regression ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Risk Areas

Stunting has become a global concern. The incidence of stunting in the world contributes to 15% of under-five mortality, with 55 million children losing their health, and it is estimated to reduce the country's GDP level by up to 7%. In Indonesia, the incidence of stunting has become one of the main health problems that need to be solved immediately. Malang Regency is one of the districts in East Java Province that has received the spotlight regarding this problem. This research examined the risk factors of stunting in Malang Regency through Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). GWR was carried out to calculate the correlation between predetermined demographic, health, and economic variables, which were assumed to influence risk factors of stunting. GWR allocation and model examinations are important in understanding risk factors of stunting in the study of disease transmission in the investigation zone. Based on GWR analysis, the research shows that only four (4) sub-variables were significant: the number of poor people, level of education, number of health facilities, and access to health facilities. We also found that Lawang, Gondanglegi, and Turen districts have high-risk areas to stunting. Therefore, within this study that correlates to government policy to decrease or eliminate stunting incidents, districts belonging to the high-risk class should be prioritized or concerned. Moreover, based on LISA, some districts are affected by the risk factors of stunting from the surrounding districts with higher stunting potential value such as Gondanglegi and Pagelaran Districts.

scholarly journals Risk factors of acute diarrhoea in summer – a nation-wide French case-control study

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. YAZDANPANAH ◽  
L. BEAUGERIE ◽  
P. Y. BOËLLE ◽  
L. LETRILLIART ◽  
J. C. DESENCLOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Case Control ◽  
French Case ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for acute diarrhoea (AD) during the summer in France. A matched case-control study was conducted at a national level among patients of 500 general practitioners (GPs). From July to September 1996, 468 case-control pairs were included. Cases were more likely than controls (i) to live away from their main residence (OR 3·0; 95% CI 1·6–5·7), (ii) to have returned from a country at high risk of AD (OR 4·6; CI 0·9–23·1), and (iii) to have been in contact with a case of AD (OR 2·0; CI 1·3–3·1). A significantly decreased risk of AD was found for consumption of well-cooked chicken (OR 0·5; CI 0·3–0·8) and raw or undercooked home-made egg-containing products (OR 0·6; CI 0·4–0·8). These findings suggest that travel to high-risk areas, or travel within France, and being in contact with a case of AD, are risk factors for the occurrence of AD in summer in France.

scholarly journals Malaria risk factors in northern Namibia: The importance of occupation, age and mobility in characterizing high-risk populations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252690
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Smith ◽  
Davis Mumbengegwi ◽  
Erastus Haindongo ◽  
Carmen Cueto ◽  
Kathryn W. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

In areas of low and unstable transmission, malaria cases occur in populations with lower access to malaria services and interventions, and in groups with specific malaria risk exposures often away from the household. In support of the Namibian National Vector Borne Disease Program’s drive to better target interventions based upon risk, we implemented a health facility-based case control study aimed to identify risk factors for symptomatic malaria in Zambezi Region, northern Namibia. A total of 770 febrile individuals reporting to 6 health facilities and testing positive by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) between February 2015 and April 2016 were recruited as cases; 641 febrile individuals testing negative by RDT at the same health facilities through June 2016 were recruited as controls. Data on socio-demographics, housing construction, overnight travel, use of malaria prevention and outdoor behaviors at night were collected through interview and recorded on a tablet-based questionnaire. Remotely-sensed environmental data were extracted for geo-located village residence locations. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors and latent class analyses (LCA) used to identify and characterize high-risk subgroups. The majority of participants (87% of cases and 69% of controls) were recruited during the 2016 transmission season, an outbreak year in Southern Africa. After adjustment, cases were more likely to be cattle herders (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 4.46 95%CI 1.05–18.96), members of the police or other security personnel (aOR: 4.60 95%CI: 1.16–18.16), and pensioners/unemployed persons (aOR: 2.25 95%CI 1.24–4.08), compared to agricultural workers (most common category). Children (aOR 2.28 95%CI 1.13–4.59) and self-identified students were at higher risk of malaria (aOR: 4.32 95%CI 2.31–8.10). Other actionable risk factors for malaria included housing and behavioral characteristics, including traditional home construction and sleeping in an open structure (versus modern structure: aOR: 2.01 95%CI 1.45–2.79 and aOR: 4.76 95%CI: 2.14–10.57); cross border travel in the prior 30 days (aOR: 10.55 95%CI 2.94–37.84); and outdoor agricultural work at night (aOR: 2.09 95%CI 1.12–3.87). Malaria preventive activities were all protective and included personal use of an insecticide treated net (ITN) (aOR: 0.61 95%CI 0.42–0.87), adequate household ITN coverage (aOR: 0.63 95%CI 0.42–0.94), and household indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the past year (versus never sprayed: (aOR: 0.63 95%CI 0.44–0.90). A number of environmental factors were associated with increased risk of malaria, including lower temperatures, higher rainfall and increased vegetation for the 30 days prior to diagnosis and residing more than 5 minutes from a health facility. LCA identified six classes of cases, with class membership strongly correlated with occupation, age and select behavioral risk factors. Use of ITNs and IRS coverage was similarly low across classes. For malaria elimination these high-risk groups will need targeted and tailored intervention strategies, for example, by implementing alternative delivery methods of interventions through schools and worksites, as well as the use of specific interventions that address outdoor transmission.

Classification of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients based on its risk factors using latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552097159
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Salimi ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Eslam Moradi-Asl ◽  
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo ◽  
Keyvan Khassi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Very High

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the main health-economic problems around the world. Data were collected from all patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the health centres of Kermanshah province between 2013 and 2019. Latent class analysis was conducted by PROC LCA in SAS 9.2 and a significant level was set at 0.05. Four latent classes were identified: low (33.8%), moderate (9.8%), high (22.4%) and very high risk (34.0%). The probability of having a travel history was high in the third class. Our study indicated that having history of an eschar has no role in the classification of patients. On the other hand, a positive smear test is important in classifying subjects. Our results indicate that more than half of all patients fell under high risk or very high-risk class. This emphasises the importance of planning preventive intervention by considering different risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis simultaneously.

scholarly journals The secondary transmission pattern of COVID-19 based on contact tracing in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e004885
Author(s):  
Muhammed Semakula ◽  
FranÇois Niragire ◽  
Angela Umutoni ◽  
Sabin Nsanzimana ◽  
Vedaste Ndahindwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mapping Models

IntroductionCOVID-19 has shown an exceptionally high spread rate across and within countries worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of such an infectious disease transmission is critical for devising strategies to control its spread. In particular, Rwanda was one of the African countries that started COVID-19 preparedness early in January 2020, and a total lockdown was imposed when the country had only 18 COVID-19 confirmed cases known. Using intensive contact tracing, several infections were identified, with the majority of them being returning travellers and their close contacts. We used the contact tracing data in Rwanda for understanding the geographic patterns of COVID-19 to inform targeted interventions.MethodsWe estimated the attack rates and identified risk factors associated to COVID-19 spread. We used Bayesian disease mapping models to assess the spatial pattern of COVID-19 and to identify areas characterised by unusually high or low relative risk. In addition, we used multiple variable conditional logistic regression to assess the impact of the risk factors.ResultsThe results showed that COVID-19 cases in Rwanda are localised mainly in the central regions and in the southwest of Rwanda and that some clusters occurred in the northeast of Rwanda. Relationship to the index case, being male and coworkers are the important risk factors for COVID-19 transmission in Rwanda.ConclusionThe analysis of contact tracing data using spatial modelling allowed us to identify high-risk areas at subnational level in Rwanda. Estimating risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 is vital in identifying the clusters in low spread of SARS-CoV-2 subnational level. It is imperative to understand the interactions between the index case and contacts to identify superspreaders, risk factors and high-risk places. The findings recommend that self-isolation at home in Rwanda should be reviewed to limit secondary cases from the same households and spatiotemporal analysis should be introduced in routine monitoring of COVID-19 in Rwanda for policy making decision on real time.

scholarly journals KUSTA DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG: STUDI EKOLOGI BERDASARKAN TREN WAKTU

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Nurhalina Sari ◽  
Eliza Eka Nurmala
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Study Designs

ABSTRACT  Leprosy is a disease that can cause pain and disability, which in the end can affect a person's quality of life. Through the 2013 Bangkok Declaration, Indonesia declared itself that 2020 was a leprosy-free country. However, until 2015, there were still reports of leprosy cases, including in Lampung Province. This study aims to analyze spatial leprosy and its risk factors to get priority areas for leprosy handling in Lampung Province. The study used ecological study designs. The sources of leprosy data and risk factors came from secondary data at the Central Statistics Agency and Health Office in Lampung for the year 2011 to 2015. Data analysis using spatial analysis. The analysis shows that leprosy cases are divided into two categories, namely paucibacillary and multibacillary. Spatial analysis results for 5 years indicate that leprosy cases are dominant in Central Lampung and East Lampung Districts. Based on population density, number of poor people, sanitation, nutritional status, and health facilities, several districts have a high risk of leprosy. The conclusion of this study is the priority in handling leprosy cases should be focused in the Central Lampung District and East Lampung District. Keywords: Leprosy, Lampung, spatial analysis, ecological study   ABSTRAK Kusta merupakan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan kesakitan dan kecacatan,  yang pada akhirnya dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Melalui Deklarasi Bangkok 2013, Indonesia menyatakan bahwa tahun 2020 menjadi negara bebas kusta. Namun, hingga 2015 masih terdapat laporan kasus kusta, termasuk di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara spasial  kusta dan faktor risikonya untuk mendapatkan prioritas penanganan kusta di Provinsi Lampung dengan desain studi ekologi. Sumber data kusta dan faktor risiko berasal dari data sekunder di Badan Pusat Statistik dan Dinas Kesehatan di Lampung 2011 sampai dengan 2015. Analisis data menggunakan analisis spasial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kasus kusta terbagi dalam dua kategori yaitu pausibasiler (PB) dan multibasiler (MB).Hasil analisis spasial selama 5 tahun menunjukkan bahwa kasus kusta dominan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah dan Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Berdasarkan kepadatan penduduk, jumlah orang miskin, sanitasi, status gizi, dan fasilitas kesehatan, beberapa kabupaten memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap kasus kusta. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah prioritas penanganan kasus kusta sebaiknya difokuskan di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Tengah dan Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Kata kunci: Kusta, Lampung, analisis spasial, studi ekologi

Identifying high-risk areas of schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in the Poyang Lake region, China

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. X. PENG ◽  
B. TAO ◽  
A. CLEMENTS ◽  
Q. L. JIANG ◽  
Z. J. ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Poyang Lake Region ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYThe epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonicum over small areas remains poorly understood, and this is particularly true in China. We aimed to identify high-risk areas for schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in the Poyang Lake region, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 60 of 920 persons (6·5%) were found to be infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Locations of households and snail habitats were determined using a hand-held global positioning system. We mapped the data in a geographical information system and used spatial scan statistics to explore clustering of infection, logistic regression and Bayesian geostatistical models to identify risk factors for each individual's infection status and multinomial logistic regression to identify risk factors for living in a cluster area. The risk of schistosomiasis was spatially clustered and higher in fishermen and males, not in persons who lived in close proximity to snail habitats and infected water sources. This study has demonstrated significant spatial variation in the prevalence of schistosomiasis at a small spatial scale. The results suggest that demographic factors (gender, occupation) rather than the distance to infected water are driving human transmission at small-scale spatial levels. Such information can be used to plan locally targeted interventions based on anthelminthic drug administration, snail control and sanitation improvement.

Tu1017 RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA IN HIGH-RISK AREAS: THE WUWEI COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1008
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Chen ◽  
Ya Zheng ◽  
Rui Ji ◽  
Qinghong Guo ◽  
Yuping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Risk Areas
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