scholarly journals Urban Graveyard in Spatial Change Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
D Dilahur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Spatial Change

The growth of urban population tends to increase constantly but some towns show faster growth than others. Ultimately the urban area extends tremendously, and a new urban environment is created. Graveyard is one phenomenon that an not be neglected from this process. Duc to their strategic locations, some portions have undergone changes in economic, social, and environment values. For the time being lands used for graveyards are constantly increasing. The competition with other uses can not be avoided anyway and land conservation must be carried out concomitantly.

FACTORS RELATED TO INBREEDING COMPONENTS FROM ISONYMY IN AN URBAN POPULATION: ARANJUEZ (SPAIN)

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONIA E. COLANTONIO ◽  
VICENTE FUSTER ◽  
ALBERTO SANZ GIMENO ◽  
DAVID S. REHER
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Migration

SummaryAn isonymic analysis has been carried out using a sample of 1529 reconstituted families residing during 1870–1964 in Aranjuez, an urban area situated south of Madrid, Spain. The random, non-random and total-components inbreeding coefficients from isonymy were obtained and the various combinations of surnames compared in order to infer the patri- or matrilocal pattern of residence. Throughout the period studied the random component of inbreeding (Fr) has not changed, in contrast to the non-random component (Fn), thus suggesting the latter could be responsible for the reduction of total inbreeding. Using several methodological approaches (biplot analysis, α, ν and percentage of immigrants) the predominance of the immigration of grooms was interpreted in terms of Aranjuez as a matrilocal pattern of residence. From this study it can also be concluded that surnames provided by reconstituted families are good estimators of inbreeding and migration.

scholarly journals Mental Stress and Multiple Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases with Regional Variations in Women of Urban and Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Urban Population

Introduction: The high prevalence of risk factors in women in developing countries of South Asia appears to have been translated into early and severe CHD in contrast to their counterpart in the first world nations, which has been related to obesity and insulin resistance and genetically determined increased lipoprotein Lp(a) levels. Mental stress due to urbanization, sedentary life style and physical inactivity may be the most important factor initiating obesity and the clustering of all other risk factors hypertension, dyslipidaemia and (WHR). These risk factors vary in different regions of South Asia. Aims and Objectives: Our aim of the study was to describe and analyse differences between the frequency of risk factors such as psychological stress due to, socio-economical aspects, life style especially physical activity, and health behaviours which may contribute in the course of CAD in women of both rural and urban areas of Pakistan because no such significant data is available in women with CAD. Study Design: This descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Cardiology Department of Dow University of Health and Sciences Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2014 to March 2016 by filling a questionnaire and laboratory data. The study group comprised female subjects around 577 (Urban 347 {60.1%} and Rural 230 {39.9%}) women ranged from 25-65 years of age who underwent coronary angiography and had definite coronary atherosclerotic diseases. Our study was conducted by examining the psychological stress in women of both areas and its strength of association with frequency of other risk factors in female patients of urban and rural areas with definite CHD taking account the difference in age and education level into account. Result: Analysis of this study conducted at department of Cardiology in Dow University Karachi from March 2014 to March 2017 revealed that the women of rural area were comparatively more physically active then women of urban area. Prevalence of mental stress, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, higher BMI, hyperlipidaemia (especially TC) waist and hip circumference of both areas were found to be different after adjustment made for age. A considerable association was found between psychological stress and other factors in ischemic heart disease patients showing the p-value (p=0.043). Psychological stress was found 82% in both groups and (13%) women had no stress rated as normal more in rural (26%) vs (04%) in urban population. Physical inactivity in women with CHD was found in 92% urban in contrast to 45% in rural population, (p=0.009). Hypertension prevalence was more in urban 253 in comparison to 151 women in rural area. Diabetes Mellitus was also found more in urban than rural population, especially in age below 50, 79 (23%) urban vs 60 (26%) in rural population. Women beyond 50 years of age, 85 (24%) urban vs 64 (27%) rural area had prevalence of obesity comparatively higher in urban residents 71 (20%) than 44(%) in rural dwellers and 32 (9%) urban vs 16 (7%) in rural women in age range below 50 years. Higher waist circumstance was observed more in urban residents (4.8 cm) whereas BMI was more (1.8 unit) in women of rural area than urban women. Prevalence of smoking and nicotine chewing was relatively higher in urban population in below 50 years of age with 30 (09%) urban vs 13 (05%) in rural women and in age beyond 50, 11 (03%) urban vs 10 (04%) in rural women was witnessed. Average total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and LDL were found to be higher in urban compared to rural area residents and HDL was comparatively lower in urban area group. Mean cholesterol level was seen at average of 353 mg% in urban vs 223 mg% in rural population. Serum cortisol level showed significant variation in urban group 19.1 vs 14.2 in rural group (sample, as well as serum fibrinogen was raised more raised in urban population). Conclusion: Our study shows increased prevalence of mental stress and physical inactivity in female residents of urban area leading to Higher blood pressure, DM, dyslipidaemia and central obesity specially in Waist circumference than rural area. The mental stress induced by excessive demands of work at home and at working place with too little control is not unique to women of urban areas.

scholarly journals PAISAJES AGROFORESTALES EN EL ESPACIO PERIURBANO DE UNA CIUDAD MEDIA, ¿OPORTUNIDAD PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN O EL DETERIORO DEL BOSQUE?

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Araceli Calderón Cisneros ◽  
Lorena Soto Pinto ◽  
Margarita H. Huerta Silva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Future Condition

San Cristóbal de Las Casas, ciudad media en Chiapas, ha tenido un rápido y desordenado crecimiento en las últimas décadas. Con el propósito de analizar la estructura del paisaje en un espacio periurbano de esta ciudad (el cerro Huitepec) y su relación con los procesos de apropiación social rural y urbana del territorio, se integró un análisis geográfico de los usos del suelo con un análisis social cualitativo por medio de entrevistas y cuestionarios. Se observa en este espacio periurbano un paisaje heterogéneo y diversificado donde los remanentes forestales son importantes, pero con variaciones al interior en función de las formas de uso y de los actores sociales presentes. Este paisaje cumple funciones relevantes para la conservación de los recursos naturales y la provisión de servicios ambientales en beneficio de la población local y urbana, pero su condición es muy incierta a futuro. AGRO-FOREST LANDSCAPES IN THE PERI-URBAN AREA OF A MEDIUM-SIZED CITY: AN OPPORTUNITY TO PRESERVE OR DETERIORATE FORESTS? In recent decades, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, a medium-sized city in Chiapas State, has shown rapid and chaotic growth. For studying the landscape structure in a peri-urban area of this city (Huitepec Hill) and its relationship with rural and urban social appropriation processes of the territory, a geographic analysis of land use was integrated into a qualitative social analysis through interviews and questionnaires. A heterogeneous and diversified landscape can be observed in this peri-urban area where the remaining forests are important, but show internal variations that depend on forms of use and the social stakeholders who are present. This landscape plays relevant roles in the conservation of natural resources and the provision of environmental services for the benefit of the local and urban population. However, its future condition is highly uncertain.

scholarly journals Confirmed cases of malaria in Brazil between 2011 and 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 05-16
Author(s):  
Hellen Karine Santos Almeida ◽  
Amanda Alves Fecury ◽  
Euzébio Oliveira ◽  
Carla Viana Dendasck ◽  
Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Genus Plasmodium ◽  
It Department ◽  
Southeastern Region

Malaria is a worldwide disease that causes a high number of deaths. It is caused by the bite of the Anopholes mosquito infected by the parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. The purpose of this article is to show the numbers of confirmed cases of malaria in Brazil, regarding the years of confirmation, the age group and the notification region, between the years 2011 to 2015. Data taken from the SUS IT department, DATASUS and from articles. There was a decline in the number of the period cited, people between the age group of 20 to 39 years, followed by the group between 49 and 59 years, the largest number of cases occurred with male people, the largest number of cases occurred with people of white race followed by browns, the highest number of cases per schooling is unknown where schooling is known, the highest numbers are with people from complete high school, followed by people with complete higher education, most cases occurred in an urban area , the southeastern region has the highest number of confirmed cases of malaria in the period, the highest number of cases occurred in the state of Rondônia. It is concluded that campaigns had an influence on society and collaborated with the reduction of the number of communicable diseases like malaria. Men work in areas with a higher risk of contamination and in places of vector proliferation, so they are more exposed to areas of mosquito proliferation and contagion. In Brazil the majority of the population is recognized as being white and brown, respectively, so the numbers show these ethnicities as the most infected. The mosquito seems to proliferate more easily in places where there have been man-made changes. The urban environment, as it is an extremely modified place, causes a greater number of cases due to the greater availability of breeding sites. It is believed that for this reason the southeastern region has a greater number of cases and because it is also one of the regions of the country that has suffered the most changes by man. The opening of highways and the increase in settlements facilitate contact between mosquitoes and humans. The state of Rondônia has a large number of settlements and deforestation to accommodate progress.

scholarly journals Participation in Cities in Sociological Discourse

Discourse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
A. A. Beschasnaya ◽  
N. N. Pokrovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
City Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Introduction. The social practice of participativeness, active participation in the transformation of urban space in the interests of residents, is gaining popularity among the urban population. The study of this phenomenon is interest for obvious integration with management decisions. Expanding the practice of implementing social activity of the population and studying the components of participativeness determine the goal of writing the paper-the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for studying this phenomenon.Methodology and source. The paper presents a review of classical and modern sociological theories that reveal the potential of empirical study of aspects of the manifestation of participation of urban residents. Among the mentioned by the authors are the theory of social action, social solidarity, phenomenology, social constructivism.Results and discussion. The problematic nature of living in cities and the penetration of these problems into the daily interaction of citizens forms the origins of solidary participation of citizens-individual and private interests form collective actions-processes. Multiple individual forms of citizens' activity on urban improvement are transformed into participativeness – institutionalized joint activity. Its participants can take differentiated positions in the social structure of the urban community according to the criteria of having a diverse experience of interaction, i.e. exchange, with the urban environment and taking a position in the city management structure, which determines the level of regulated authority to make managerial decisions. The problems of urban life that are common to different categories of citizens and the typification of social activity to solve them order the interaction of participants, organize and “produce” the urban space.Conclusion. In the process of reasoning, a theoretical model of the formation of participativeness is presented, which allows us to trace the transformation of activity of the urban population into the right to the city and the formation of a favorable urban environment.

scholarly journals Bat Fauna (Chiroptera) in an urban environment in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Edson Silva Barbosa Leal ◽  
Deoclécio de Queiróz Guerra Filho ◽  
Daniel de Figueiredo Ramalho ◽  
Julianne Moura da Silva ◽  
Rafael Sales Bandeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Significant Difference

In Brazil, only few works have been conducted regarding urban bats and information about richness, composition and ecological interactions in urban areas is little known. Additional studies are important to understand the dynamic of urban bats and offer strategies for their protection. In this paper, we present the results of a bat inventory at the Dois Irmãos campus of UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, with analyzes of the composition, richness, diversity, and seasonal variation. From May 2006 to April 2007, we captured 950 bats from 16 species (five families). Frugivores bats accounted for 84.42% of the captures, followed by insectivores, piscivorous, nectarivores, omnivores, and hematophages. The species Artibeus planirostris was the most abundant. There was no significant difference (t = 0.35443, p = 0.7257) on abundance between the seasons of the year. We observed a richer and more diverse bat fauna as one would expect in an urban area, which suggests that the campus is being used for foraging, commuting, or as shelters for these animals.

scholarly journals Social PR campaign in promoting sustainable education within urban environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 05033
Author(s):  
Polina Sergienko ◽  
Alla Minyar-Beloroucheva ◽  
Olga Vishnyakova ◽  
Elizaveta Vishnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The article reveals social PR campaign particularities aimed at raising awareness of the citizens in the urban environment. For the first time PR campaigns dealing with the urban environment decoration devoted to commemorative events, environmental protection measures, and social issues are investigated from the position of education for sustainable development. The urban area implies the encouragement of refashioned, renovated, changed, restructured and reconstructed environments necessary for edutainment of the citizens. It means that the analysis of the urban area focuses on the study of themes dealing with history, art, urgent domestic social issues and the problems of the natural environment. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a perfect opportunity to give knowledge in the ‘soft’ way to the citizens, in addition to traditional ‘hard’ education within the urban environment. The methods used during the work on the article are comprehensive. They include observation, analysis, synthesis, description and interview. As a result of the study of the stated issues, the following conclusion was made. Urban area is an ideal platform to arouse the interest of its citizens by means of the thematic adornment of the city that expands their knowledge, makes them more persuasive and thus fosters the improvement of their behaviour. Information perceived laterally is better remembered and stored longer in memory. The citizens become more susceptible to any information offered to them by the officials of the city.

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS, POWER AND URBAN SPACES IN SICILIJA THROUGH AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Daria Settineri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extra State

In this article, the author, based on concrete factual material, explores the specifics of modern migration processes considered within an urban area localized in Palermo (Sicily). In the context of this complex heterotopic space, resorting to the conceptual apparatus of M. Foucault, this kind of rhizome, if we operate with the concepts of J. Deleuze and F.Guattari, the author analyzes the actions of various actors of power – local and transnational – which dominate in this closed socio-urban environment, outlined by the framework of certain city blocks, – formal and informal, institutionalized and not, state and extra-state, legal and illegal, political, social, ecclesiastical, economic, criminal, the objects of projection and manifestation of which are migrants (primarily illegal) concentrated in these urban areas, who coexist there with the local population. The author also studies reactions of “newcomers” to the factors that affect them, including their ways of understanding and familiarizing with of their new place of residence as a micro- and the macrocosm, in all the diversity and complexity of the social connections that permeate this habitat and the factors that affect it.

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