scholarly journals Peculiarities of innovative management in the activities of international companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Nataliya Kara ◽  
◽  
L. Zynych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Management ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
New Business ◽  
Current Program ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Implementation Leadership ◽  
Implementation Of Innovations

The article considers the role of innovation management in the enterprise on the experience of foreign companies. The essence of innovation management, its tasks and functions are substantiated. Innovation management - is one of the areas of strategic management, carried out at the highest level of the organization. Its purpose is to determine the main directions of production and scientific and technical activities of the enterprise. This is primarily the development and implementation of new technology and products, modernization and improvement of products and technology, further development of production of traditional products and withdrawal from production of obsolete products. Innovation management is characterized by goal setting and strategy selection, as well as four stages of the cycle: planning, setting conditions and organization, implementation, leadership. The allocation of functions in innovation management is due to the diversity of management activities in the chain idea - research - development - design - production - implementation of innovations. Under the functions of management means the type of activity that is necessary for the implementation of the general objectives of innovation management. On the example of foreign companies: Whirlpool, General Electric, DuPon, Visa the results of the introduction of innovation management are shown. The practice of the leading companies of the developed countries of the world shows that their success is connected with the development of a holistic system of innovation management, which is in constant and continuous development in accordance with changes in both the organization and the external environment. These companies create such an innovative structure and management culture in which the directions of innovative development are integrated into general strategic plans related to the constant development of promising new products and the creation of new business areas. Innovation management creates a long-term advantage if it meets one or more of three conditions: innovation is based on a new principle that challenges the orthodoxy of management; system innovation, covering a number of processes and methods; and this is part of the current program of the invention, where progress is combined with the passage of time.

Scientific advances most needed for progress in irrigation

1986 ◽  
Vol 316 (1537) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Advance ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Advances

In the last half-century the application of scientific advances in irrigation has been largely confined to the developed countries. In the vast irrigated areas of Asia, progress in the adoption of new technology has been disappointing except for the introduction of new crop varieties. The massive expansion in the total irrigated area of Asia has been largely based on traditional technology. The world is waking up to this technological gap and beginning to analyse its causes. The current gap is illustrated by the fact that irrigated cereal yields in Asia are less than half those of the U.S.A. or Australia. In Africa, the gap is even wider. It is argued that many recent technologies, including those of micro-irrigation, systems analysis and automatic control structures, are not applicable to Asia and Africa. We have to research new ways of applying them and we need to expand the science of irrigation in more appropriate forms. Among the needs for scientific advance considered in the paper are improved water management, use of saline groundwater, lower cost methods of subsoil drainage and improved management technology involving wider and better use of communications and management information systems. The paper examines these and other issues and suggests high-priority topics and strategies for research and development.

scholarly journals The Use of New Technology and Rising Inequality in New Zealand: Evidence from Unit Record Data

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hector
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Developed Countries

From the late 19' 11 century to the late 20'11 century inequality was generally in decline in all the developed countries, including New Zealand. However this pattern was abruptly reversed in the 1970s, and at least up to the mid 1990s inequality was generally on the rise again. The last quarter of the 2fl' century was also marked by rapid uptake of new information and communication technologies (JCT), prompting many commentators to ask whether there might be a connection. The present study uses unit record data from the Household Labour Force Survey to explore the extent to which wage inequality is related to new technology in New Zealand, and the extent to which it is correlated with skills and qualifications. The relationship appears to be relatively strong for workers in the lower half of the distribution, suggesting that workers with low skill levels have very poor prospects in industries using new technology. If the adoption of new technology is to be further encouraged it may be important to raise the skill levels of workers near the bottom of the distribution.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Power Generation for India with Higher Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Umeshkannan P ◽  
Muthurajan KG
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

The developed countries are consuming more amount of energy in all forms including electricity continuously with advanced technologies.  Developing  nation’s  energy usage trend rises quickly but very less in comparison with their population and  their  method of generating power is not  seems  to  be  as  advanced  as  developed  nations. The   objective   function   of   this   linear   programming model is to maximize the average efficiency of power generation inIndia for 2020 by giving preference to energy efficient technologies. This model is subjected to various constraints like potential, demand, running cost and Hydrogen / Carbon ratio, isolated load, emission and already installed capacities. Tora package is used to solve this linear program. Coal,  Gas,  Hydro  and  Nuclear  sources can are  supply around 87 %  of  power  requirement .  It’s concluded that we can produce power  at  overall  efficiency  of  37%  while  meeting  a  huge demand  of  13,00,000  GWh  of  electricity.  The objective function shows the scenario of highaverage efficiency with presence of 9% renewables. Maximum value   is   restricted   by   low   renewable   source’s efficiencies, emission constraints on fossil fuels and cost restriction on some of efficient technologies. This    model    shows    that    maximum    18%    of    total requirement   can   be   met   by   renewable itself which reduces average efficiency to 35.8%.   Improving technologies  of  renewable  sources  and  necessary  capacity addition  to  them in  regular  interval  will  enhance  their  role and existence against fossil fuels in future. The work involves conceptualizing, modeling, gathering information for data’s to be used in model for problem solving and presenting different scenarios for same objective.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOBISTRY ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: REALITIES TODAY AND EVOLUTIONARY FORECAST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Tikhon Sergeyevich Yarovoy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industrial Groups

The article is devoted to the research of goals and functions of lobbying activity. The author has processed the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, proposed his own approaches to the definition of goals and functions of lobbying activities through the prism of public administration. As a result, a generalized vision of the goals and functions of lobbying activities as interrelated elements of the lobbying system was proposed, and a forecast for further evolution of the goals and functions of domestic lobbying was provided. The analysis of lobbying functions allowed us to notice the tendencies in shifting the goals of this activity. If the objectives were fully covered by functions such as mediation between citizens and the state, the information function and the function of organizing plurality of public interests, then the role of strengthening the self-organization of civil society and the function of compromise become increasingly important in the process of formation in the developed countries of civil society and the development of telecommunication technologies. Ukrainian lobbyism will not be left to the side of this process. Already, politicians of the highest level, leaders of financial and industrial groups have to act, adjust their goals (even if they are — declared), taking into account the reaction of the public. In the future, this trend will only increase. The analysis of current research and political events provides all grounds for believing that, while proper regulatory legislation is being formed in Ukraine, the goals and functions of domestic lobbying will essentially shift towards a compromise with the public. It is noted that in spite of the existence of a basic direction of action, lobbying may have several ramified goals. Guided by the goals set, lobbyism can manifest itself in various spheres of the political system of society, combining the closely intertwined interests of various actors in the lobbying process, or even — contrasting them.

On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. E. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

To the comparative analysis of the digitalization process of state administration in Russia and other countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-117
Author(s):  
A.N. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Programs

The article compares the processes of dissemination of modern information and communication technologies in government bodies in Russia and abroad. It is stated that Russia began the transition to «electronic government» later than the developed countries, in which this process was launched within the framework of large-scale and comprehensive programs for reforming public administration in the 1980s and 1990s. However, to date, there is an alignment in the pace and content of digitalization tasks. At a new stage in this process, the concept of «electronic government» under the influence of such newest phenomena of the emerging information society as methods of analysis of «big data», «artificial intelligence», «Internet of things», «blockchain» is being transformed into the category of «digital government». Achievements and prospects of public administration digitalization are considered on the example of countries with the highest ratings — Denmark, Australia, Republic of Korea, Great Britain, USA and Russia.

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