Transcending Entrenched Tensions

Author(s):  
Margaret Lock

This chapter turns to the global concern about aging societies, and the so-called epidemic of aging. It argues that a public health approach to aging and Alzheimer's will have a much greater effect in reducing the incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) worldwide than will the technologically oriented molecular approach currently being heralded as a paradigm shift. Should such an approach be effective, and there is little evidence to date to be optimistic that this will be the case, the extent of investment in advanced medical facilities and highly trained expertise required to put it in place is not realistic beyond wealthy segments of the world, especially given the global economy of the present and the increasing gaps between rich and poor.

Author(s):  
Margaret Lock

This concluding chapter presents emerging knowledge in both epigenetics and epidemiology, suggesting that forms of prevention that take a public health approach, including lifestyle changes, reduced exposure to toxins, reductions in poverty, increased community support, and other variables, is likely to reduce the prevalence of dementia worldwide to a much greater extent than would an approach confined to expensive molecular micro-medical management of segments of those populations deemed to be at risk that happen to be located in wealthier countries. Furthermore, a molecular approach to Alzheimer disease prevention requires healthy individuals, some as young as 18 years of age, to become research subjects on whom repeated tests will be carried out.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Guoyong Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Jiajie Zhou ◽  
...  

The COVID-19 pandemic and the continued spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 variants have brought a grave public health consequence and severely devastated the global economy with recessions. Vaccination is considered as one of the most promising and efficient methods to end the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate the disease conditions if infected. Although a few vaccines have been developed with an unprecedented speed, scientists around the world are continuing pursuing the best possible vaccines with innovations. Comparing to the expensive mRNA vaccines and attenuated/inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines have certain advantages, including their safety (non-virus components), potential stronger immunogenicity, broader protection, ease of scaling-up production, reduced cost, etc. In this study, we reported a novel COVID-19 vaccine generated with RBD-HR1/HR2 hexamer that was creatively fused with the RBD domain and heptad repeat 1 (HR1) or heptad repeat 2 (HR2) to form a dumbbell-shaped hexamer to target the spike S1 subunit. The novel hexamer COVID-19 vaccine induced high titers of neutralizing antibody in mouse studies (>100,000), and further experiments also showed that the vaccine also induced an alternative antibody to the HR1 region, which probably alleviated the drop of immunogenicity from the frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2.


Author(s):  
Dag von Lubitz

Information Technology (IT), and the subsequent broad acceptance of Information and Knowledge Management (IM/KM) methods revolutionized the way business is thought of and practiced. With e-business facilitating the ability to do more, more, faster, at a wider range, and to influence ever larger and more diverse consumer groups, the impact of technology on commerce, finance, and global economy has been frequently compared to the “paradigm shift” that Kuhn (1970) proposed as the essence of scientific revolution. Yet, despite the transformational influence of modernity on the ancient art, the fundamental principles of business have not changed: overreliance on the facilitation of business operations as the substitution for the adherence to the soundness of their conduct fuelled rampant growth of corporate laisse faire, and already twice brought the world to the brink of economic disaster (Stiglitz, 2003; Steingart, 2008).


Corona virus 2019 (COVID-2019), has first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, spread around the world rapidly causing thousands of fatalities. It is caused a devastating result in our daily lives, public health, and also the global economy. It is important to sight the positive cases as early as possible therefore forestall any unfoldment of this epidemic and to quickly treat affected patients. The necessity for auxiliary diagnostic tools has increased as there aren't any accurate automated toolkits available. Recent findings obtained using radiology imaging techniques suggest that such images contain salient information about the COVID-19 virus. Coupling deep learning techniques with radiological imaging may end up within the accurate detection of this disease. This assistance will help to beat the matter of an absence of specialized physicians in the remote villages.


Author(s):  
Isaiah Nnanna Ibeh ◽  
Seyi Samson Enitan ◽  
Richard Yomi Akele ◽  
Christy Chinwe Isitua ◽  
Felix Omorodion

The Coronavirus Disease – 2019 (COVID-19) is officially now a pandemic and not just a public health emergency of international concern as previously labelled. Worldwide, the new coronavirus has infected more than 4.9 million people and leaving more than 300,000 people dead in 188 countries. As countries of the world get locked down in an effort to contain the widespread of the virus, experts are concern about the global impacts of the pandemic on individuals, countries and the world at large. Millions of people are currently under quarantine across the globe. Many countries have responded by proclaiming a public health emergency, closed their borders and restrict incoming flights from high risk countries. This has grossly affected the travel plan of many. Several international programs, conferences, workshops and sporting activities are either postponed or cancelled. As the number of confirmed cases continues to escalate across the globe, hospitals seems to be running out of medical supplies, hospital spaces and personnel. Health workers are being overwhelmed by the numbers of people requesting for testing and treatment. Many of such health workers have been infected with the coronavirus and even lost their lives since the fight against COVID-19 started. Public health experts are also concerned about the huge medical wastes coming from the hospitals at this time and the adverse effects associated with improper management of such medical wastes, both at the hospital and community levels. The pandemic has also impacted negatively on the global economy. There have been serious crises in the stock market, with gross fall in the price of crude oil resulting in inflation and economic hardship among the populace. Many are currently out of job and as a result, the level of crime, protest and violence have continued to escalate in different parts of the world. The deaths of loved ones due to the coronavirus has left many emotionally traumatized. Nigeria, like other African countries is not spared of the ravaging effects of the pandemic, even as the government take strict measures to contain the virus. No doubt, this is very challenging, but the country is capable of surmounting the virus with the needed help from her international partners and cooperation from the citizenry. But if we as a people, remain complacent and continue with business as usual, without taking measures to flatten the curve, the disease will escalate too quickly beyond our capacity to handle and our health system will be overwhelmed and may collapse eventually. We cannot therefore afford to be complacent in our response to containing the pandemic.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josimar E. Chire Saire

Actual pandemic started with first cases in China and fast spread in Europe, Asia and the next continents became a global concern from March, so the most of countries ordered a lockdown to decrease infection rate forced people to stay at home. Meanwhile, the infection was growing around all the world, daily news usually show the number of cases per country and people increased the use of Internet to work trough videoconference tools and use of Social Networks to communicate what they think, feel about covid19 issue. In Colombia the first case was detected on March 6, the lockdwon was announced on March 20 and the first death on March 21. During all this time, people were evolving his concern about covid19 and staying at home slowly therefore this behaviour was changing over the time. The proposal of the paper is analyzed the behaviour of the population using Social Media and Text Mining algorithms. The results shows how the topic covid19 was increasing during the time, sleep patterns changed, and people were worried about fear to death, family travelling outside of Colombia and public health actions.


Author(s):  
Linze Li ◽  
Chengsheng Jiang ◽  
Raghu Murtugudde ◽  
Xin-Zhong Liang ◽  
Amir Sapkota

Climate change driven increases in the frequency of extreme heat events (EHE) and extreme precipitation events (EPE) are contributing to both infectious and non-infectious disease burden, particularly in urban city centers. While the share of urban populations continues to grow, a comprehensive assessment of populations impacted by these threats is lacking. Using data from weather stations, climate models, and urban population growth during 1980–2017, here, we show that the concurrent rise in the frequency of EHE, EPE, and urban populations has resulted in over 500% increases in individuals exposed to EHE and EPE in the 150 most populated cities of the world. Since most of the population increases over the next several decades are projected to take place in city centers within low- and middle-income countries, skillful early warnings and community specific response strategies are urgently needed to minimize public health impacts and associated costs to the global economy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110338
Author(s):  
Vladan Bajic ◽  
Natasa Misic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Bozidarka Zaric ◽  
George Perry

Does Alzheimer Disease show a decline in cognitive functions that relate to the awareness of external reality? In this paper, we will propose a perspective that patients with increasing symptoms of AD show a change in the awareness of subjective versus objective representative axis of reality thus consequently move to a more internal like perception of reality. This paradigm shift suggests that new insights into the dynamicity of the conscious representation of reality in the AD brain may give us new clues to the very early signs of memory and self-awareness impairment that originates from, in our view the microtubules. Dialog between Adso and William, in Umberto Eco’s The Name of the Rose, Third Day: Vespers. “But how does it happen,” I said with admiration, “that you were able to solve the mystery of the library looking at it from the outside, and you were unable to solve it when you were inside?” “Thus, God knows the world, because He conceived it in His mind, as if it was from the outside, before it was created, and we do not know its rule, because we live inside it, having found it already made.”


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