Chasing Innovation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilly Irani
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Political Structures

Can entrepreneurs develop a nation, serve the poor, and pursue creative freedom, all while generating economic value? This book shows the contradictions that arise as designers, engineers, and businesspeople frame development and governance as opportunities to innovate. The book documents the rise of “entrepreneurial citizenship” in India over the past seventy years, demonstrating how a global ethos of development through design has come to shape state policy, economic investment, and the middle class in one of the world's fastest-growing nations. The book chronicles the practices and mindsets that hold up professional design as the answer to the challenges of a country of more than one billion people, most of whom are poor. While discussions of entrepreneurial citizenship promise that Indian children can grow up to lead a nation aspiring to uplift the poor, in reality, social, economic, and political structures constrain whose enterprise, which hopes, and which needs can be seen as worthy of investment. In the process, the book warns, powerful investors, philanthropies, and companies exploit citizens' social relations, empathy, and political hope in the quest to generate economic value. The book argues that the move to recast social change as innovation, with innovators as heroes, frames others—craftspeople, workers, and activists—as of lower value, or even dangers to entrepreneurial forms of development. The book lays bare how long-standing power hierarchies such as class, caste, language, and colonialism continue to shape opportunity in a world where good ideas supposedly rule all.

scholarly journals “In Darkest England and the Way Out”

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Moral Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Wage Labour

In the past decade a prominent theme in the historiography of nineteenth-century Britain has been the imposition of middle-class habits and attitudes upon the populace by means of new or re-invigorated mechanisms of “social control”. To the apparatus of law enforcement and to the disciplines of the factory and wage labour, historians have added the less overt instruments of social welfare, education, religion, leisure and moral reform. Philanthropists, educators, clergymen and moralizers have all become soldiers in a campaign to uproot the “anti-social” characteristics of the poor and to cement the hegemony of the elite.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF URBAN SUFISM OF SHALAWAT MUHAMMAD ASSEMBLY ON URBAN MIDDLE CLASS SOCIETY

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Rubaidi Rubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Value System ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
Inherent Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class Society ◽  
New System

This article critically examines the role of Sufism in the process of social change in society,especially among urban societies that are symbolized by their middle class society. The subjectin this study is the Shalawat Muhammad Assembly under Mursyid Gus Kahar and his successor,Gus Mustakim. Although the assembly represents the urban sufism, but it has rooted fromclassical Sufism. In analyzing the role of this assembly in the process of social change in society,the theoretical framework of Cultural Brokers and Cultural Trendsetter of Geertz and Hirokosiare used as perspectives. The result simultaneously, consistently, and progressively shows thatSufism has a major contribution in any social change of societies to the value and ideology fromthe outside. The inherent value system in Sufism symbolized by the guru (murshid), is not just arole as a cultural broker as mentioned by the theory of Geertz. In fact, all gurus (mursyid) arewilling to change the value and ideology from the outside into a new system of traditions andcultures. This phenomenon resembles the cultural role of kyai in the Islamization of Indonesiain the past. It is the same like the theory of the cultural trendsetter of Hirokosi

The roles of foreign influences in the evolution of social and filial relations in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akinola Akomolafe
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Almost All

Nigeria, as a geographical entity is replete with various ethnic and cultural identities that have continued to evolve from pre-colonial times to recenttimes. Granted that civilizations from Europe and Arabia have dictated almost all spheres of living, both in the Northern and Southern geographies of the country and eroded nearly all traditional values that would have assisted in curbing social and filial tensions; it is pertinent to inquire into the social relations before this ‘encounter.’ This is important as this research seeks to invoke some aspects of the past that can be relevant for contemporary utility. Hence, through the method of critical analysis, this study takes a look at the socio-economic norms among the pre-colonial cultures that eventually evolved into Nigeria, paying attention to the place of slaves and women and laying emphasis on the filial and communal nature which allowed for a not too wide the gap between the rich and the poor. Even when this study is not unaware of the positive roles of foreign influence, it recounts the deficits of this presence and suggests that aproper way is to explore some indigenous ideas and apply them for contemporary living. Keywords: Culture, Family, Moral Values, Nigeria, Pre-colonial

The Feeling of Time

Worldview ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Cottle
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Rhythms ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
Future Orientations

The study of time in personal perceptions and social lives is hardly a new enterprise. A rather large body of literature on these subjects exists, and much of the material is utterly fascinating. People have examined orientations to the past, present, and future, the tempi of living, cycles, biological and social rhythms, the meaning of expectation, and of course memory. One of the more popular areas of research involves categorizing people as past, present, or futureoriented. These so-called temporal orientations are associated with various personality traits, as for example the heightened past orientations of anxious people, or the characteristic future orientations of highly achieving people. It has also been common practice to label according to various social classes within a society: the poor, present-oriented; the middle class, futureoriented; and the affluent, past- or, more precisely, tradition-oriented.

Crafting a New Alliance with the Muslim World

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Omar Noman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Mass Education ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Radical Islam ◽  
The World ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Political Leverage

Most Muslims now live in democracies—a fact that is rarely acknowledged. The Muslim world has also elected five women heads of state in the past decade. These two indicators are symbolic of the diversity within the Muslim world, and also of the direction in which that world is headed.Few Muslims wish to be classified in a category that would prevent them from participating in the benefits of modernity. The pull of mass education, commerce, trade, and engagement with the world is strong. But these possibilities are openings that radical Islam is attempting to close off, which has led to an ideological civil war within Islam. In country after country, the middle class, the elite, and most of the poor are frightened by an austere version of theocratic Islam that has managed to gain political leverage. In order to sustain modern governments and access to the world in which they want to be active contributors, Muslims need an alliance with the West—not a confrontation.

scholarly journals Urbanization and the Double Burden: Trends and Inequalities in Under- and Over-nutrition by Residence and Wealth Among 1.22 Million Indian Children, Women and Men over 10 Years (P10-078-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Rasmi Avula ◽  
Aishwarya Agarwal ◽  
Purnima Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

Abstract Objectives We examined trends and inequities in the double burden of malnutrition among girls, boys, women and men by residence and wealth between 2006 and 2016 in India where 590 million individuals are expected to live in cities by 2030. Methods Two rounds of National Family Health Survey data collected in 2006 and 2016 (n = 276,000 children 0–59 mo; 768,000 women 15–49y; and 178,000 men 15–54y) were used. Residence was categorized as rural (RUR), urban non-slum (U-NS) and urban slum (U-SL). Multivariate regression analyses were used to examine differences and changes over time in outcomes by residential group and gender. A socioeconomic status (SES) index was created for each residential area and inequalities were assessed using concentration and slope indices. Results Children in different residential areas were born with similar height-for-age Z-scores, but growth faltering during the first two years of life was most rapid among children in RUR areas, followed by U-SL and U-NS areas. Boys and girls were equally likely to be stunted (48% in 2006 to 38% in 2016) or overweight (7–8% at both times). SES gaps were large for undernutrition, small for overnutrition, and did not change greatly in the past decade. Among adults, underweight prevalence decreased equally across residential areas (4–5%) to reach 20% on average in both men and women. Overweight prevalence increased more rapidly among those living in RUR areas (7–9%) compared to U-SL (4–6%) and U-NS (1–3%) areas, and also reached ∼20%. The SES gap for underweight was narrower in 2016 than in 2006, mainly due to improvements among the poor in all residential areas. Overweight prevalence increased in all SES quintiles in RUR and U-SL areas and increased among the poor in U-NS areas. Conclusions The double burden of malnutrition is now a reality among adults in India. Although undernutrition has been reduced in both rural and urban areas over the past decade, the rate of increase in overweight was much larger in rural compared to urban areas; and more so in slums compared to non-slum areas. A further examination of changing living conditions, food environments, and physical activity levels is needed to identify and address the causes for these rapid changes in nutrition outcomes. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through POSHAN, led by IFPRI.

scholarly journals The Brazilian middle class and the archetype of class prejudice

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-124
Author(s):  
Daniel Florence Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

This article aims to elaborate a historical reconstitution, from the long-term serial, the formation of the Brazilian middle class and also its archetype of class prejudice. We used as a starting point for our reflection the fact that Brazil lived more than three hundred years of slavery, which bequeathed the profusion of a racist imaginary, resulting in prejudiced practices and naturalized to afrodescendant populations, besides having extended to the poor citizen, in general. We try to relate in a historicist way the objects studied to the sociological concepts of socialization, besides characterizing the bourgeois ideas of the middle class and the Brazilian elites from the history of mentalities. We intend to contribute to a better understanding of the obstacles created by the lack of otherness practices in daily social relations. Keywords: Social Class, prejudice, slavery, social exclusion, otherness.

scholarly journals Problem aktywizacji społecznej i zawodowej romskiej mniejszośœci narodowej w Austrii – na przykładzie miasta Oberwart

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Wiktor Osuch
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
National Minority ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor

The article presents the characteristics of Roma national minority in Austria with particularconsideration of social-economic activation issues of this nation. Many years of the poor levelof education, numerous prejudices and lasting stereotypes in Austrian society towards theRoma and in effect the high percentage of unemployment among this social group resulted intheir relegation to the peripheries of social and economic life. This publication shows numerousexamples of actions taken by federal authorities in Vienna, local governments, humanitarianorganizations, mass media as well as the help with projects financed by EU in overcomingbarriers and prejudices towards Roma minority in peripheral region of Burgenland in Oberwart (Austria). The project Mri Buti (My work) is the most important success of these actions. It gavepermanent employment to several dozen Roma families, but it is not a success for the interestedparty. The process of Roma activation seems to be a longterm process and more sophisticatedthan it was planned. The stereotypes and prejudices still play the crucial role, albeit significantlyless than in the past. Unfortunately traditions and numerous habits of this population group notalways give enough motivation to take actions and decisions and they are important barriers totaking economic activity and further education.

High-Resolution, Low-Voltage SEM of Cell Wall Regeneration of Yeast Shizosaccharomyces Pombe Protoplasts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
M. Osumi ◽  
N. Yamada ◽  
T. Nagatani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Cell Wall Regeneration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Biological Field ◽  
Scanning Electron

Even though many early workers had suggested the use of lower voltages to increase topographic contrast and to reduce specimen charging and beam damage, we did not usually operate in the conventional scanning electron microscope at low voltage because of the poor resolution, especially of bioligical specimens. However, the development of the “in-lens” field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) has led to marked inprovement in resolution, especially in the range of 1-5 kV, within the past year. The probe size has been cumulated to be 0.7nm in diameter at 30kV and about 3nm at 1kV. We have been trying to develop techniques to use this in-lens FESEM at low voltage (LVSEM) for direct observation of totally uncoated biological specimens and have developed the LVSEM method for the biological field.

Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future: Best Outcomes for Indian Children in Wisconsin

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ells ◽  
Angela Gebhardt ◽  
Patina Park Zink ◽  
Loa Porter
Keyword(s):  
Indian Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future
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