EFFECTIVENESS OF KNOWN WHEAT RESISTANCE GENES TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE ADULT PLANT PHASE IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Agapova ◽  
◽  
O.F. Vaganova ◽  
M.S. Gvozdeva ◽  
G.V. Volkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Research Institute

Winter wheat is one of the leading agricultural crops in Russia. The most common and epiphytotic pathogen is leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of known wheat resistance genes to brown rust in the phase of adult plants in the South of Russia. For the study, route surveys were conducted in the conditions of the North Caucasus region, and herbarium material was collected to create an infectious background on the field site of the FSBI “All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection”. As a result of the evaluation of 49 isogenic lines of winter wheat, the Lr9, Lr42, Lr43+24 and Lr50 genes with absolute resistance to P. triticina were identified in the South of Russia in 2019. Study of lines with known resistance genes on an infectious background in the field gives an idea of the change in the effectiveness of P. triticina Lr genes.

SCREENING OF WHEAT LR-GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Rust

Currently, more than 70 wheat rust resistance genes are known, but few of them are effective. The purpose of this work is to screen lines of Lr gene carriers for resistance to leaf rust under conditions of the North Caucasus region. Investigations were carried out in 2016-2018 at the infectious site of VNIIBZR. Research material was 49 near isogenic lines of winter wheat cultivar Thatcher. Infectious material was the combined populations of P. triticina, obtained as a result of route surveys of industrial and breeding crops of winter wheat in the areas of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories and the Rostov Region, conducted in 2016-2018. According to the assessment, the genes are ranked as follows: - highly efficient genes (plants with no signs of damage): Lr9, Lr42, Lr43 + 24 and Lr50; effective (1R-5R) Lr genes: 19, 24, 29, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47; moderately effective (10MR-20MR) Lr genes: 17, 18, 21, 22a, 28, 32, 41, 52. The remaining Lr-lines were susceptible to P. triticina (25 MR - 90S) to varying degrees. Highly efficient and effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42, Lr43 + 24, Lr47 and Lr50 showed resistance in the seedling phase and can be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs to protect wheat from leaf rust in different phases of plant ontogenesis in the North Caucasus region.

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties to tan spot in the North Caucasus region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yu. Kremneva ◽  
Nina V. Mironenko ◽  
Galina V. Volkova ◽  
Olga A. Baranova ◽  
Yuri S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in the new Russian varieties of common wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Gultyaeva ◽  
E. L. Shaydayuk
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Background. Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. is a significant wheat disease in all regions of the Russian Federation. The genetic diversity of the cultivated wheat varieties regarding the type of resistance and genes that control it ensures reliable protection of this crop against the pathogen. The aim of this work was to characterize the diversity of new Russian varieties of winter and spring common wheat for leaf rust resistance genes (Lr-genes).Materials and Methods. The research material was represented by 43 varieties of winter and 25 of spring wheat included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation in 2018-2020.Results. Using molecular markers, 18 Lr genes were identified: Lr1, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr28, Lr29, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr41 (39), Lr47 and Lr66. A phytopathological test was used to clarify the results of molecular analysis. Ninety-three percent of the studied wheat varieties were found to contain Lr genes, either separately or in combinations. These were the highly and partially effective genes Lr24, Lr9, and Lr19, adult plant resistance genes Lr34 and Lr37, and ineffective genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr20, and Lr26. The Lr24 gene has been identified for the first time in Russian varieties. The spring variety ‘Leader 80’, harboring this gene, is recommended for cultivation in the West Siberian and East Siberian regions. An effective combination of Lr9 + Lr26 genes, individually overcome by the pathogen, was determined in the spring cultivar ‘Silach’, highly resistant to leaf rust. The Lr9 gene was found in the winter variety ‘Gerda’, which is recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. Previously, the varieties with Lr9 were not grown in the North Caucasus. An increase in the number of leaf rust resistant accessions protected by the effective adult plant resistance gene Lr37 is noted among wheat varieties undergoing regional adaptation testing. Many of the identified Lr genes (Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37) are linked with effective Sr genes (Sr25, Sr24, Sr31, Sr57, and Sr38), which additionally ensures stable genetic protection of wheat against stem rust.Conclusions. The obtained information about representation of Lr genes in wheat varieties should be used in regional breeding programs. A timely replacement of genetically protected varieties allows stabilizing the populational composition of the phytopathogen and reducing the likelihood of epiphytotics.

scholarly journals Short communication: Virulence of Puccinia triticina in the North Caucasus region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e10SC01
Author(s):  
Galina V. Volkova ◽  
Olga F. Vaganova ◽  
Olga A. Kudinova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Aim of study: To analyze the structure of P. triticina populations by a virulence survey in the North Caucasus region of Russia from 2011 to 2015.Area of study: The North Caucasus region is a leading grain production region in Russia where wheat leaf rust causes losses in yield.Material and methods: Uredinial samples of leaf rust were collected in all agro-climatic zones of the North Caucasus on the production sites of winter wheat and on the plots of official state trials. Single uredinial isolates (a total of 564) were tested for virulence with 41 ˈThatcherˈ near isogenic lines with Lr resistance genes.Main results: Clones virulent to Lr9, Lr42, Lr47 and Lr50 were not found. Isolates virulent to the Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr41, Lr43 + 24, Lr45, Lr52 genes were characterized by low frequencies. The 564 fungal isolates studied were represented by 564 virulence phenotypes, the majority of them with a virulence complexity from 9 to 19. A high level of intrapopulation fungus diversity in virulence was noticed during the whole period of research (Shannon diversity index from 2.994 to 3.314). The differences in the frequencies of virulences in the years of research were small (Rogers distance from 0.001 to 0.160).Research highlights: Due to the fact that the North Caucasus region is a zone of epiphytotic danger and high variability of the P. triticina population, the analysis of the genetics of the fungus population is important for the strategy of varietal distribution in the region and development of rust-resistant varieties.

RESULTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN BREEDERS OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN CREATION OF NEW GENERATION APPLE TREE

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
L. I. Dutova ◽  
Е. V. Ulianovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
New Generation

The experience in cooperation of breeders of different institutions in creating cultivars is shown. It is not always when the breeding institution has the necessary initial forms for selection. In this regard, there is a need to conduct separate stages of selection in different breeding institutions. For this purpose, a provision on authorship and continuity in the integrated work of several institutions in fruit breeding has been developed (Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Annex. – Orel, 1995. – pp. 492-498). Breeding work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking can serve as a positive experience of creating new apple cultivars by two institutions. As a result of the joint work of these two institutions, 22 apple cultivars have been created, of which 9 have already been included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use (zoned), including three cultivars for the conditions of the Middle zone of Russia – Aleksandr Boiko, Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas and six cultivars for the conditions of the North Caucasus – Vasilisa, Karmen, Margo, Orfey, Soyuz and Talisman. Brief economical and biological characteristics of these cultivars are given in this paper. The obtained practical results indicate that in some cases, when creating modern cultivars that meet the requirements of production, it is necessary to use the knowledge of breeders, the source material and equipment of different breeding institutions, and carry out separate stages of the selection process in different institutions.

DISTRIBUTION, DIAGNOSIS AND PATHOGENESIS OF RETROVIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-954
Author(s):  
Sergey Abakin ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Orobets ◽  
Viktor Zaerko ◽  
Inna Klimanovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Retroviral Infections

Epizootic situation on invasive diseases in the north Caucasus region

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (84) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Oleg Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Alexander Shevchenko ◽  
Lyudmila Shevchenko ◽  
Yuri Drobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Invasive Diseases

Famous teachers and educators of the first half of the XX century about the problems of the North Caucasian muslim education.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Nadezhda O. Bleich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
New Type ◽  
Historical Heritage

The article is devoted to the consideration of the worldview positions of famous educators of the past century regarding the state of school education among Muslims of the North Caucasus region. It is proved that the enlighteners advocated the creation of a new type of national non-class school and the construction of the didactic foundations of the educational process in it. The novelty of the work is that, based on the analysis of the views of the advanced intelligentsia of the region, aimed at understanding the current socio-cultural situation, an attempt was made to scientifically understand the problems and prospects for the development of the Muslim educational system of the past from the point of view of the modern scientific paradigm. The practical significance of the publication lies in expanding the understanding of the system of Mohammedan education in the context of its historical heritage, which will help to comprehend modern problems associated with the reform of general and vocational education in the national Muslim republics.

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