scholarly journals TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND RITES OF SHESHKUPS / SHESHKUMS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF FIELD ETHNOGRAPHIC MATERIALS OF THE XX–XXI CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
Наталья Викторовна Сайнакова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Village

Данная статья посвящена исследованию вопроса о традиционных воззрениях и обрядах этнографической (диалектно-локальной) группы шёшкупов/шёшкумов. На основе анализа исследовательской литературы и полевого этнографического материала, собранного разными исследователями-селькуповедами, были выявлены факты о предназначении священных мест в окрестностях д. Иванкино. В данном исследовании удалось определить особенности религиозных верований среднеобских селькупов: они оставляли кузова с семейными лозами не только на чердаках, но и в труднопроходимой кочкарной согре, «подвешивали» духов на березе. Собранные сведения позволяют говорить о сохранении традиционных верований (представлений о домашних духах-помощниках, культовых местах) у местных жителей до конца ХХ в., о чем свидетельствуют материалы, записанные от информантов из д. Иванкино даже в XXI в. This paper is devoted to the study of the issue about traditional views and rituals of the ethnographic (dialectal-local) group of Sheshkups / Sheshkums. Facts about the purpose of sacred places in the vicinity of the village Ivankino, based on the analysis of research literature and field ethnographic material collected by various researchers-selkupologists, were revealed. In this study, it was possible to determine the peculiarities of the religious beliefs of the Middle Ob Selkups: they left baskets with family figures of spirits-helpers not only in attics, but also in almost impassable hillock sogra, and “hung” spirits on birch trees. The collected information allows speaking about the preservation of traditional beliefs (ideas about domestic spirits-helpers, places of worship) among local residents until the end of the 20th century, as evidenced by materials recorded from informants of the village Ivankino even in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Polskie miasta i wsie XXI wieku. Zacieranie się granic, języków i kultur

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Western World ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Polish Cities and Villages in the 21st Century: Blurring of the Borders, Languages and CulturesUp to the middle of the 20th century, big cities, as economic units and communities that were characterized by the very varied professional and social structure of their inhabitants, marked not only administrative borders but also clear linguistic and cultural borders for the traditional monolithic village. After the Second World War, due to various socio-economic processes which resulted in big cities absorbing the surrounding villages, the administrative borders also started to change. Migrations from villages to cities and improved education began the process of blurring cultural and linguistic borders in the 20th century. At the beginning of the 21st century, the phenomenon of linguistic-cultural unification was facilitated by the trend of inhabitants of big cities starting to move to suburban villages. However, the rapid intensification of this phenomenon was mainly influenced by the common availability of the internet. The English language and the American style of culture became the factors that unified the linguistic and cultural differences between Polish cities and villages. The first quarter of the 21st century marked the beginning of the process of blurring not only the cultural differences between the city and the village, but also the virtual borders between Polish culture and the foreign culture of the Western world. Polskie miasta i wsie XXI wieku. Zacieranie się granic, języków i kulturDo połowy XX wieku wielkie miasta jako organizmy gospodarcze i zbiorowości charakteryzujące się bardzo zróżnicowaną strukturą zawodową i społeczną ludności, oddzielały od monolitycznej, tradycyjnej wsi nie tylko granice administracyjne, lecz także wyraźne granice językowe i kulturowe. Po II wojnie światowej na skutek różnorodnych procesów społeczno-ekonomicznych, powodujących między innymi wchłanianie przez wielkie miasta okolicznych wsi, zmianom zaczęły też ulegać granice administracyjne. Migracje ze wsi do miast i wzrost poziomu wykształcenia ludności napływowej rozpoczęły w drugiej połowie XX wieku proces zacierania się również granic kulturowych i językowych. Na początku XXI wieku zjawisko unifikacji językowo-kulturowej znacznie przyspieszyła moda na osiedlanie się w podmiejskich wsiach mieszkańców dużych miast. Gwałtowne nasilenie się omawianego procesu nastąpiło jednak przede wszystkim na skutek powszechnej dostępności Internetu. Język angielski i kultura w stylu amerykańskim stały się czynnikami unifikującymi zróżnicowania językowe i kulturowe polskich miast i wsi. W pierwszej ćwierci XXI wieku rozpoczął się więc proces zacierania się granic językowo-kulturowych pomiędzy miastem a wsią, a także wirtualnych granic pomiędzy rodzimą kulturą polską a obcą kulturą świata zachodniego.

scholarly journals STATUS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VILLAGE ELDER IN PEASANTS’ SELF-ADMINISTRATION FROM CLOSE OF THE 19THTO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-713
Author(s):  
P. V. Erin ◽  
N. V. Melekhova ◽  
T. N. Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rural Elders

Purpose of the study: The article focuses on the research of the role of village elders in rural self-administration at the turn of the 20th century. The article shows how rural elders executed their duties, who was selected as a rural elder, as well as the attitude of the countrymen towards this authority. Methodology: In the process of the study, the authors relied mainly on documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the State Archive of the Tambov Region. The retrospective research method, first of all, allowed us to study the participation of rural residents in self-government. In addition, describe the role of the elder and the functions assigned to him in the process of managing the settlement. Main Findings: It has been revealed if the country people and elders had conflicts in the performance of their duties. Rural elders were supposed to eliminate arrears of taxes and levies. The article considers the cases when rural elders supported local people in confrontation with superior civil servants. In conclusion, the article estimates the “institution” of rural elders. Applications of this study: The results of the study are primarily useful for the formation of a program for the development of the organization of agriculture in the Tambov region. An understanding of the traditions, historical features of the development of the region should be taken into account by legislative bodies and municipal structures when searching for effective management tools. Understanding the features of rural management is interesting for researchers studying similar practices in different countries of the world. For example, the application of researchers involved in local government issues, when comparing the historical experience of different states and regions. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study shows not only how the functions of the elders in the process of managing rural territories changed, but also the reaction of the population to various actions of the authorities. In particular, the typical causes of discontent among local residents on the actions of the "elders". However, often these reasons were due to the peculiarities of interactions between elders and representatives of state authorities.

scholarly journals RITUALS OF OF HONORING FAMILY SPIRITS-PATRONS OF THE YUGAN KHANTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Константин Андреевич Сагалаев
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Current State ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

Статья посвящена современному состоянию традиции почитания семейных и родовых духов-покровителей — одной из основных обрядовых практик юганских хантов. Материалы для статьи были получены в ходе комплексной экспедиции в Сургутский район Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа. Рассмотрена современная обрядово-религиозная ситуация на реках Большой и Малый Юган, показаны различия в отношении к традиционным верованиям со стороны жителей обеих рек. Объектом исследования стали обряды почитания духа Эвут ики и дочерей Пугос анки, зафиксированные в окрестностях юрт Ачимовых на р. Малый Юган. При фиксации обрядов был использован метод включенного наблюдения: члены экспедиции на равных с местными жителями участвовали в обоих ритуалах. В статье подробно рассматриваются оба ритуала — подготовка к обряду, внешний вид и внутреннее обустройство священных лабазов, действия с ритуальными фигурами (умывание, переодевание, кормление духов), поднесение даров духам, накрытие стола для ритуальной трапезы и молитва, завершение обряда — раздача старых платков участникам. Отдельно рассмотрено место этих духов в хантыйском пантеоне и семантика имен. Автором делается сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ двух обрядов с целью выявить общие и отличные места в структуре обоих святилищ и ритуалов; делается вывод о традиционности обоих обрядов и устойчивости традиции почитания семейных и родовых духов-покровителей на Малом Югане в настоящее время. Признается перспективным сравнение зафиксированных обрядов с материалами экспедиций 1980–2000-х гг., записанных в этом же районе у членов одной и той же семьи. Статья вводит в научный оборот обширный новый полевой материал и может быть интересна для этнологов, религиоведов, фольклористов. The paper is devoted to the current state of the tradition of honoring family and ancestral spirits-patrons — one of the main ceremonial practices of the Yugan Khants. The materials for the article were obtained during a complex expedition to the Surgut district of the Khanty-Mansi autonomous region. The article deals with the current ceremonial and religious situation on the Bolshoy and Maly Yugan rivers, and shows the differences in attitude to traditional beliefs on the part of the inhabitants of both rivers. The object of research was the rites of honoring of the spirit of Evut Iki and the daughters of Pugos Anki, recorded in the vicinity of the Achimov yurts on the Maly Yugan river. When fixing the rites, the method of included observation was used: members of the expedition participated in both rituals on an equal basis with local residents. The article discusses in detail both rituals-preparation for the rite, the appearance and internal arrangement of the sacred places, actions with ritual figures (washing, dressing, feeding spirits), offering gifts to the spirits, setting the table for the ritual meal and prayer, and the completion of the rite — the distribution of old headscarfs to participants. The place of these spirits in the Khanty Pantheon and the semantics of names are considered separately. The author makes a comparative analysis of the two rites in order to identify common and distinct features in the structure of both sacral places and rituals. The conclusion is made about the traditional character of both rites and the stability of the tradition of honoring of family and ancestral spirits-patrons at Malyi Yugan at present. It is considered promising to compare the recorded rites with the materials of the expeditions of the 1980s and 2000s recorded in the same area by members of the same family. The article introduces an extensive new field material into scientific circulation and may be of interest to ethnologists, religious scholars, and folklorists.

“Band Wagon and Gravy Train”: uses and abuses along the Silk Road

Afghanistan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Warwick Ball
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
International Image ◽  
Academic Discussion ◽  
The Silk Road

The Silk Road as an image is a relatively new one for Afghanistan. It appeals to both the pre-Islamic and the perceived Islamic past, thus offering an Islamic balance to previous identities linked to Bamiyan or to the Kushans. It also appeals to a broader and more international image, one that has been taken up by many other countries. This paper traces the rise of the image of the Silk Road and its use as a metaphor for ancient trade to encompass all contacts throughout Eurasia, prehistoric, ancient and modern, but also how the image has been adopted and expanded into many other areas: politics, tourism and academia. It is argued here that the origin and popularity of the term lies in late 20th century (and increasingly 21st century) politics rather than any reality of ancient trade. Its consequent validity as a metaphor in academic discussion is questioned

The Economy of Wellbeing in Beji: Pesantren and Entrepreneurship in Village Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Syamsul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Village Society ◽  
The Village

This article aims to explain the field findings related to the socio-economic conditions of the community in Beji village. The village was known as the base of the santri and the socio-economic impacts that provide value to the life of the community around the pesantren. The research used a qualitative method with a constructivism approach. Excavation of data through in-depth interview techniques and field observations and enriched with document studies. Informants interviewed were determined through the snowballing techniques. The result of the research shows that the existence of Manbail Futuh pesantren in the middle of village society not only serves to serve religious education (Islam) but with the number of santri coming from various regions, so the existence of pesantren also gives a socio-economic impact for the surrounding community. Against the community the economic benefits provided by pesantren is not active but passive. This is because the pesantren is limited to providing opportunities for local residents in the pesantren location to accommodate 833 students of mukim and has an active student of 2,469 people without attracting any pennies for "retribution". Sociologically, the socio-economic relation between pesantren and the local people who work as a sword gives birth to the pattern of the economic behavior of mashlahat. It can be said that the economic action played by pesantren is a substantive economy based on Islamic moral values, namely the principles of ta'awun (mutual help) and the principle of maslahat (the common good).

ETHNIC CULTURE OF LAMUNKHINSKI EVENS AS A RESOURCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY OF YAKUTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Sardaana Anatolievna Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

When getting acquainted with the ethnic traditions of the peoples of Yakutia, special attention should be paid to the national culture of the evens as a small indigenous people of the North. Cultural and ethnographic features of Yakutia are one of the most important resources for the development of tourism. The main purpose of the work is to consider the potential of ethnic tourism on the example of the village of Sebyan-Kuel in the Кobyai district of Yakutia. The following specific ethnographic methods are used: the method of included observation and indepth interview. The result was that in this remote mountains of the Verkhoyansk ridge preserved the original culture of the local group Lamynkhinsky Evens, which is a unique, non-commodity, and, consequently, an inexhaustible resource for the economy, social and cultural development of the nasleg. In our opinion, the area of Lamynkhinsky nasleg can become one of the most popular tourist destinations due to its uniqueness in ethnic and extreme, ecological, hunting and fishing types of tourism.

The role of science in the study of and response to space threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
B. M. Shustov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
The Sun ◽  
National Program ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Space Activities

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.

Millennials as Emerging Adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Gender Revolution

This chapter begins by providing a historical context for the Millennial generation. Growing up is different in the 21st century than before; it takes much longer. Given how many years youth take to explore their identities before they emerge into adulthood with stable jobs and committed partners, the chapter reviews what we now about “emerging adulthood” as a stage of human development. The chapter also highlights a debate in social science as to whether Millennials are entitled narcissists or a new civically engaged generation that will re-energize America. The chapter concludes with an overview of another debate, whether Millennials are pushing the gender revolution forward or returning to more traditional beliefs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document