scholarly journals Adaptation Ability of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) against Mercury Contamination from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Beny Kurniawan ◽  
Duryat . ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gold Refining

Contamination of mercury (Hg) in illegal gold mining waste could be reduced by the plant. The study aimed to examine the adaptability of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedling in the growing media of tailings contaminated by mercury. Tailings were taken from the gold refining industry located in Bunut Village, Padang Cermin Sub-district, Lampung Province. The study was designed in a completely randomized design for 5 treatments and 4 replications used combination of topsoil : tailings in a ratio of 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75%; and 0% : 100%. Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that mahogany seedling had the adaptability to the media with a maximum tailings concentration of 75%. The higher concentrations of tailings tended to decrease the percentage of life, increment of diameter, increment of the number of leaves, leaf area, the increment of root length, and biomass of mahogany. The higher concentrations of tailings resulted in a better plant height increment compared to the lower concentrations, however, all concentrations of tailings in the planting medium reduced the height of the mahogany seedling.Keywords: Adaptability, mahogany, mercury, tailing

scholarly journals Application of Ectomycorrhiza (Scleroderma sp.) in Mangium (Acacia Mangium Willd.) using Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining(ASGM) Tailings

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ulfa Luthfiana ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Afif Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mining Tailings ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Gold Tailings

Artisanal small-scale gold mining tailings frequently used hazardous toxic materials that could contaminate land, rivers, and lakes which harmful to the environment and health. Phytoremediation is one way to overcome the mining waste. Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) is one of plant that often used for mining land phytoremediation. However, it was difficult for mangium to be able to survive on land with such extreme conditions, therefore additional input is needed. Using ectomycorrhiza fungi could be an alternative. This study aimed to measure the adaptation of mangium in gold mining tailings and analyze the function of ectomycorrhiza (Scleroderma sp.) in the growth of mangium. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with six growth media as treatments with five replications. The growth media used were: (1) topsoil with mycorrhiza, (2) topsoil without mycorrhiza, (3) topsoil + tailings with mycorrhiza, (4) soil + tailings without mycorrhiza,(5) tailings with mycorrhiza, and (6) tailings without mycorrhiza. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed with a Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the survival rate of mangium life in tailing media with mycorrhizae was fairly high with a percentage of life reaching 60% even though the growth was less when compared to topsoil media with mycorrhiza that reached 100%. The highest growth rate was achieved by mangium in topsoil media without tailings and mycorrhiza (control). This research showed that ectomycorrhiza did not have any significant effects on mangium growth in gold tailing.Keywords: Acacia mangium, ectomycoriza, gold tailings, phytoremediation, Scleroderma sp.   

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER BAKTERI Lactobacillus plantarum TERHADAP BEBERAPA KOMPONEN MUTU TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)

Pro Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Ade Irma Juliana ◽  
Moegiratul Amaro ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polynomial Orthogonal

ABSTRACT               This study aims to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial starter concentration on some quality of the porang flour. This study used experimental design one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of BAL concentration (KB) of Lactobacillus plantarum with 6 treatments which is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Each of treatment were repeated three times to obtain 18 unit samples. Data from observations were analyzed using analysis of variance (Analysis of Variance) at 5% significance level using Co-stat software. If there are significant differences, a further Polynomial Orthogonal and Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ) test is performed at a level of 5%. The parameters observed included pH value, protein content, water content, yield, total lactic acid bacteria, organoleptic parameters of color and aroma (hedonic and scoring). The results showed that the concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial 20% was the best treatment in producing porang flour, pH value 5.72, protein content 6.49%, yield 9.33%, total lactic acid bacteria 6.66 log CFU / g and color rather brown and slightly acidic aroma and somewhat preferred by panelists. Keywords: Porang flour, starter concentration, Lactobacillus plantarum   ABSTRAK             Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi starter bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap beberapa komponen mutu tepung porang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yakni konsentrasi BAL (KB) jenis Lactobacillus plantarum dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 18 unit percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf nyata 5% menggunakan software Co-stat. Apabila terdaapat beda nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Polynomial Orthogonal dan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Adapun parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, kadar protein, kadar air, rendemen, total bakteri asam laktat, parameter organoleptik warna dan aroma (hedonik dan scoring). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi strater bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum 20% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menghasilkan tepung porang nilai pH 5,72, kadar protein 6,49%, rendemen 9,33%, total bakteri asam laktat 6,66 log CFU/g serta warna agak coklat dan aroma agak asam serta agak disukai panelis.    Kata Kunci: Tepung porang, konsentrasi starter, Lactobacillus plantarum

scholarly journals Mercury Contamination of Cattle in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Geosciences ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Masayuki Sakakibara ◽  
Koichiro Sera ◽  
Idham Andri Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Comparison of Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity in Traditional Gold Mining Waste Disposal Site and Rice Field by Using a Metabarcoding Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimawali ◽  
Billy Johnson Kepel ◽  
Maria Apriliani Gani ◽  
Trina Ekawati Tallei
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Waste Disposal Site

Traditional small-scale gold mining mostly use mercury to extract the gold from ores. However, mercury contamination in the environment can affect the composition and structure of the bacterial community. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mercury contamination on the bacterial community in the traditional gold mining waste disposal site and in the rice field. Mercury analysis was carried out using the CVAFS method. Analysis of bacterial communities and structure was carried out based on the results of metabarcoding of the V3-V4 16S rRNA regions obtained from paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads. The results showed that the sample from the mining waste disposal site had a mercury level of 230 mg/kg, while the sample from the rice field had 3.98 mg/kg. The results showed that there were differences in microbial composition and community structure in both locations. With the total reads of 57,031, the most dominant phylum was Firmicutes in the mining disposal site sample. Meanwhile, with the total reads of 33,080, the sample from rice field was dominated by Planctomycetes. The abundant classes of bacteria in the mining waste disposal site, from the highest were Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria and Planctomycetia, while the sample from the rice field was dominated by the Planctomycetia and Acidobacteria subdivision 6. The families that dominated the sample in disposal site were Bacillaceae and Aeromonadaceae, while the sample from the rice field was dominated by Gemmataceae. The abundant genera in both locations were Bacillus and Gemmata. This study concluded that the high level of mercury in the soil reduced the richness and diversity of bacterial phyla and lower taxa. There was also a shift in the dominance of phyla and lower taxa in both locations. This study provides an understanding of the microbial community structure in the area that is highly contaminated with mercury to open insight into the potential of these bacteria for mercury bioremediation.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA MARINASI DENGAN AIR KELAPA TERFERMENTASI PADA SUHU REFRIGERATOR TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK DAGING BROILER BAGIAN PAHA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
I Gede Pande Wisnu Gunanda ◽  
Dian Septinova ◽  
RR Riyanti ◽  
Veronica Wanniatie
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Refrigerator Temperature ◽  
Water Holding

This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking time by using fermented coconut water on physical properties (pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking losses) of thigh broiler meat, and to know the best marinating time for preserving thigh broiler meat. This research was conducted in May 4th--13th, 2020, at Production of Livestock Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research material used were 18 pieces of broiler thigh meat. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 3 treatments and 6 replications. The applied treatments were broiler thigh meat which was stored in the refrigerator temperature for 7 days (P0), broiler thigh meat marinated with fermented coconut water for 40 minutes, kept in refrigerator temperature for 7 days (P1), and the broiler thigh meat marinated with fermented coconut water for 80 minutes, kept in a refrigerator temperature for 7 days (P2). The variables observed were pH value, water holding capacity (WHC), and cooking losses. The data obtained were then analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. Results that had a significant effect were further tested using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that marinating time had a significant effect (P<0,05) on pH and water holding capacity of broiler meat, but no significant effect (P>0,05) on cooking losses of broiler meat. Keywords: Broiler meat, Fermented coconut water, Marination, Physical quality, Storage time

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SENGON (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN PADA MEDIA CAMPURAN TANAH PASCATAMBANG BATU KAPUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Alawiyah Alawiyah ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Dermiyati Dermiyati ◽  
Christine Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mining Law

Open mining activities have caused soil damage, water pollution, air pollution, and damage to vegetation. Limestone post mining is a critical area that must be rehabilitated to be productive again. This problems can be fixed by doing land reclamation activities which mandated in the Mining Law Number 4, 2009. The success of land reclamation is largely determined by the choice of plant species and the provision of appropriate soil enhancers (ameliorant). This study was aimed to analyze the growth response of sengon plants on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil. This study was designed in completely randomized design for 7 treatments and 3 replications used combination of ameliorant: P0 (without ameliorant); P1 (AH 4 kg ha-1); P2 (BFA 350 kg ha-1); P3 (FMA 500 spores plant-1); P4 (the combination of AH and FMA); P5 (the combination of BFA and FMA); and P6 (the combination of AH, BFA, and FMA). Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the best growth response of sengon on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil was P1 treatment (humic acid material) which significantly increased root length, root volume, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight in sengon plants. The addition of ameliorant can be recommended to improve the quality of revegetation plants

scholarly journals PENGARUH VOLUME PENYIRAMAN PUPUK CAIR URINE SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI MERAH BESAR (Capsicum annum L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Ona Sitra Adu ◽  
Alwi Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Materials Used

Background: Organic fertilizers is able to maintain the balance of the land and improve land productivity as well as reducing the environmental impact of land. Pepper plants contain lots of vitamin A and vitamin C and contain essential oils capsaicin, which causes a spicy flavor and heat to provide warmth when used for spices (herbs). Methods: The materials used in this study is the land of black, red chilli seeds large, EM4, water immersion soy, turmeric and wastewater cow urine. The study was conducted over three months, from April 2015 - July 2015. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a liquid treatment factors limbar cow urine at levels as follows: P0 = control, ML P1 = 25, P2 = 50 ML and P3 = 75 ML. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if there is an influence, it will be followed by Least Significant Difference Test (BNT) at significance level of 5% and 1%. Results: The results showed that administration of cow urine liquid waste significant effect on the growth of large red pepper plant, that plant height, fruit number and weight of the fruit harvest. Conclusion: The growth of large red pepper plant with the highest scores were obtained in treatment P3 with a concentration of 75 ml while the growth to the lowest value was obtained in treatment P1 with a concentration of 25 ml.

scholarly journals Mercury Contamination in Riverine Sediments and Fish Associated with Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Madre de Dios, Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Martinez ◽  
Stephen McCord ◽  
Charles Driscoll ◽  
Svetoslava Todorova ◽  
Steven Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Δ15n And Δ13c

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Madre de Dios, Peru, continues to expand rapidly, raising concerns about increases in loading of mercury (Hg) to the environment. We measured physicochemical parameters in water and sampled and analyzed sediments and fish from multiple sites along one ASGM-impacted river and two unimpacted rivers in the region to examine whether Hg concentrations were elevated and possibly related to ASGM activity. We also analyzed the 308 fish samples, representing 36 species, for stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) to estimate their trophic position. Trophic position was positively correlated with the log-transformed Hg concentrations in fish among all sites. There was a lack of relationship between Hg concentrations in fish and either Hg concentrations in sediments or ASGM activity among sites, suggesting that fish Hg concentrations alone is not an ideal bioindicator of site-specific Hg contamination in the region. Fish Hg concentrations were not elevated in the ASGM-impacted river relative to the other two rivers; however, sediment Hg concentrations were highest in the ASGM-impacted river. Degraded habitat conditions and commensurate shifts in fish species and ecological processes may influence Hg bioaccumulation in the ASGM-impacted river. More research is needed on food web dynamics in the region to elucidate any effects caused by ASGM, especially through feeding relationships and food sources.

scholarly journals Growth and survivorship of Vetiveria zizanioides in degraded soil by gold-mining in the Peruvian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3219-3225
Author(s):  
Jorge Santiago Garate Quispe ◽  
Rosa Ponce de Leon ◽  
Marx Herrera Machaca ◽  
Edgar Julian Laime ◽  
Carlos Nieto Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amended Soil

In the Peruvian Amazon, large area of primary forest have been deforested by Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Vetiveria zizanioides (Poaceae) is considered an excellent plant for the ecological restoration of degraded lands. The present study aimed to analyze the growth and survivorship of V. zizanioides in degraded soils by gold-mining in the Peruvian Amazon (Madre de Dios). The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, and it followed a randomized complete block design with four treatments (substrates). The substrates were sand (mining), sand+pebbles (mining), forest soil, and amended soil. We evaluated the survivorship, shoot, tiller, and biomass production of V. zizanioides for two months. Univariate analysis of variance was used to detect differences among treatments. Fifteen days after experiment establishment, V. zizanioides survivorship was significantly higher in ASGM substrate 2 (sand+pebbles) than in other substrates, following the order of ASGM substrate 1 (sand) > forest soil > amended soil. However, at the end of the experiment, we did not find a significant difference on survivorship in subsequent assessments, and the total biomass per plant was lower in mining substrates than in non-mining substrates. The total biomass was significantly higher in amended soil than in other substrates, with yields between 1.7 and 3.6 times more biomass in amended substrate than in mine substrates. The soil substrate type significantly affected the survivorship, number of shoots, and biomass of V. zizanioides. The research results can provide a reference for remediation of degraded soils by gold-mining in the Peruvian Amazon.

scholarly journals Penurunan Logam Hg dalam Air Menggunakan Sistem Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland: Studi Efektivitas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rikhanatul Firdausy Puspitasari ◽  
Agus Prasetya ◽  
Edia Rahayuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gold Bearing

A B S T R A C THigh amount of Mercury contamination is commonly found in traditional gold mining areas. This problem might occur due to the use of amalgamation process in traditional gold extraction process by dissolving the gold-bearing rocks with mercury (Hg). The utilization of mercury in gold mining activity has contaminated the water with Hg which might lead to serious health problems. This research was carried out by discharging the Hg-contaminated wastewater to enter a system called the Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF-SW). The system employed a mixture of soil and the fibers of water hyacinth as the media on which Echinodorus palaefolius L. was planted. The wastewater containing HgCl2 at 8.59 mg/L was flown. The flow rate and pH were set to 6.3 L/hour and 6-7 pH at room temperature. Samples were collected at 0; 3.5; 7; 10.5 hours every day. The SSF-CW system was continually run for 10.5 hours and 13.5hour batch. The result of this research showed that the efficiency of Hg removal reached 92.79%. The results showed that the SSF-CW offers a stable system to reduce the mercury levels as shown in the growth of the plant and the total Hg removal efficiency. Plants with Hg exposure have distinct patterns of chlorosis. Some leaves turning yellow and die, others start with new growth. In addition, the growth of Echinodorus palaefolius L. was also influenced by the amount of nutrients in the soil.Keywords: Echinodorus palaefolius L., mercury, sub-surface flow constructed wetland A B S T R A KPencemaran merkuri banyak ditemukan pada penambangan emas tradisional. Pada umumnya proses yang diterapkan dalam penambangan emas tradisional dalam ekstraksi emas adalah proses amalgamasi, yaitu dengan cara mencampur bijih emas dengan merkuri (Hg). Aktivitas penambangan dengan memanfaatkan Hg menyebabkan tercemarnya air dengan Hg yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengalirkan air limbah Hg ke dalam sistem Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF-CW). Media yang digunakan berupa campuran tanah dan serat eceng gondok serta ditanami dengan Echinodorus palaefolius L. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengalirkan air limbah HgCl2 berkonsentrasi 8,59 mg/L. Percobaan menggunakan laju alir 6,3 L/jam dengan pH sekitar 6-7 pada suhu ruangan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada jam ke 0; 3,5; 7 dan 10,5 pada setiap harinya. Operasi sistem SSF-CW dijalankan 10,5 jam kontinu dan 13,5 jam batch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi penurunan Hg sebesar 92,79%. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem SSF-CW cukup stabil. Kestabilan sistem SSF-CW dalam menurunkan kadar Hg dapat dilihat dari pertumbuhan tanaman dan total penurunan yang diperoleh. Tanaman yang terpapar Hg terlihat bercak klorosis. Beberapa daun menguning dan mati, sebagian lain tumbuh tunas baru. Pertumbuhaan Echinodorus palaefolius L. tidak lepas dari pengaruh unsur hara yang terdapat di dalam tanah.Kata kunci: Echinodorus palaefolius L., merkuri, sub-surface flow constructed wetland

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