scholarly journals The development of familys structure in Finland in 1960-1987

1992 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Matti Saari
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Total Coverage

The purpose of the article is to study the development of family structure in Finland in 1960—1987. For the first time, the data provide total coverage of all family types. Cohabitation became increasingly common in the 1970s but has so far not been covered by the data of official family statistics. Further, sample data have only included family data on selected age groups. Statistics Finland has now developed a method by which family and cohabitation data may automatically be derived from information about people’s place of residence, demographic characteristics, and relatives. The family statistics data for 1981 and 1987 have been reproduced. The article describes changes in the numbers of families of different types, families with young children and families of different sizes, as well as developments in the regional family structure during the 1960—1987 period. In addition, developments in the prevalence of living in a family and living in a family with young children are studied with reference to the 1981—1987 period.

scholarly journals HELMINTHOSES OF THE SHEEP OF BREED EDILBAYEVSKAYA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ALTAI REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Efremova ◽  
Udaltsov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

New scientific data on the modern epizootic situation on helminthoses of sheep of the breed Edilbayevskaya introduced on the territory of Altai region are provided. To study the contamination of animals with helminths, ovoliroscopic methods commonly used in parasitology were applied. In total 889 fecal samples received from sheep of different gender and age groups are investigated. Gelminthocomplex of animals is characterized by a variety. Tapeworms include parasites of the suborder Anoplocephalata, the family Anoplocephalidae, the genus Moniezia (M. brodeni, M. expanza) and the family Avitellinidae of the genus Thysaniezia (Thysaniezia giardi). Roundworms belong to the Strongylata suborder and are represented by 4 genera nematodes – Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Hemonchus, Oesophagostomum. The infection of lambs with helminths, including Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia spp. in 1.6–3.8 times more than at adult animals also makes respectively 48.1; 42.9 and 15.8%. A distinction of the sheep hermitage of the breed Edilbaevskaya is the low level of infection of animals with strangulates of the gastrointestinal tract, including esophagostomies (0.19%), ostertagies (1.3%), and hemones (0.2%). The dominating and subdominating components of helminthocomplex are Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia spp. For the first time the Skrjabinema ovis is registered in territory of Altai region.

scholarly journals MRSA in Pig Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
Meldra Ivbule ◽  
Edvīns Miklaševičs ◽  
Liene Čupāne ◽  
Laima Bērziņa ◽  
Andris Bāliņš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
First Time ◽  
Spa Types

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is widespread worldwide in different types of animal species and as a zoonosis takes a great risk for human health not only as a food toxicoinfection, but also as a highly resistant pathogen causing serious soft tissue infectious, septicaemia and even death. One of the most affected food-producing animal species is swine in the production of which new antibiotics in big amounts are used more and more continuously, increasing antimicrobial resistance. In this study several commercial pig farms and pigs with different age groups as well as farm workers and samples from environment were examined with the purpose of detecting MRSA prevalence and evaluating antimicrobial resistance. A total of 85 isolated MRSA strains were characterised by conventional microbial and molecular methods. MRSA was found in all farms. MRSA prevalence in different pig age groups and farms varied from none to 79.2% reaching higher values among 3–3.5 (26.6%) and 4–4.5 (31.9%) old pigs. The 98.7% of 74 further investigated MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, 94.9% to tetracycline, 45.6% to cephalexin and 10 different spa types were found among which spa type t011 was the most widespread. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time MRSA was researched in sow milk and the first description of the presence of MRSA in several age groups of pigs in Latvia.

The Evolution of Work and Family

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Jamie Ladge ◽  
Danna Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
New Work ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

In Chapter 4, we move beyond the first-time experiences of early motherhood to consider how life as a working mother shifts as a family structure evolves. There has been a predominant focus on pregnancy and women’s initial transition to becoming a working mother, yet as children age and careers shift, working mothers face new work and home decisions. This next series of transitions differ from those of early motherhood. While the anxiety and uncertainty of “will I be a good working mother?” may have diminished, working mothers often face increased complexity associated with managing a household with multiple children. At the same time, women may be experiencing more pressure to take on new opportunities in their careers. In exploring how women manage these competing pressures, we focus on how women can lean on relationships within the family, at work, and in the community to forge their positive path.

Branch Reconfiguration of Bricard Linkages Based on Toroids Intersections: Line-Symmetric Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. López-Custodio ◽  
J. S. Dai ◽  
J. M. Rico
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Plane Symmetric ◽  
Bifurcation Points ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

This paper for the first time investigates a family of line-symmetric Bricard linkages by means of two generated toroids and reveals their intersection that leads to a set of special Bricard linkages with various branches of reconfiguration. The discovery is made in the concentric toroid–toroid intersection. By manipulating the construction parameters of the toroids, all possible bifurcation points are explored. This leads to the common bi-tangent planes that present singularities in the intersection set. The study reveals the presence of Villarceau and secondary circles in the toroid–toroid intersection. Therefore, a way to reconfigure the Bricard linkage to a pair of different types of Bennett linkage is uncovered. Further, a linkage with two Bricard and two Bennett motion branches is explored. In addition, the paper reveals the Altmann linkage as a member of the family of special line-symmetric Bricard linkage studied in this paper. The method is applied to the plane-symmetric case in the following paper published together with this paper.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces paradoxus K66 Killer System Evidences Expanded Assortment of Helper and Satellite Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iglė Vepštaitė-Monstavičė ◽  
Juliana Lukša ◽  
Aleksandras Konovalovas ◽  
Dovilė Ežerskytė ◽  
Ramunė Stanevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Products ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Saccharomyces Paradoxus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Killer System ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Satellite Viruses

The Saccharomycetaceae yeast family recently became recognized for expanding of the repertoire of different dsRNA-based viruses, highlighting the need for understanding of their cross-dependence. We isolated the Saccharomyces paradoxus AML-15-66 killer strain from spontaneous fermentation of serviceberries and identified helper and satellite viruses of the family Totiviridae, which are responsible for the killing phenotype. The corresponding full dsRNA genomes of viruses have been cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of SpV-LA-66 identified it to be most similar to S. paradoxus LA-28 type viruses, while SpV-M66 was mostly similar to the SpV-M21 virus. Sequence and functional analysis revealed significant differences between the K66 and the K28 toxins. The structural organization of the K66 protein resembled those of the K1/K2 type toxins. The AML-15-66 strain possesses the most expressed killing property towards the K28 toxin-producing strain. A genetic screen performed on S. cerevisiae YKO library strains revealed 125 gene products important for the functioning of the S. paradoxus K66 toxin, with 85% of the discovered modulators shared with S. cerevisiae K2 or K1 toxins. Investigation of the K66 protein binding to cells and different polysaccharides implies the β-1,6 glucans to be the primary receptors of S. paradoxus K66 toxin. For the first time, we demonstrated the coherent habitation of different types of helper and satellite viruses in a wild-type S. paradoxus strain.

The Development of End-State Comfort Planning in Preschool Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weigelt ◽  
Thomas Schack
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Target Disk ◽  
First Time

We investigated the development of the end-state comfort effect in young children. Fifty-one children from three age-groups (3, 4, and 5 years old) participated in the study. They performed the dowel placing task, which required them to reach for a horizontal dowel and to insert one of its ends into a target disk. Depending on which end was instructed, end-state comfort could be reached by picking up the dowel either with an overhand or with an underhand grip. All children reached for the dowel with an overhand grasp when this resulted in a comfortable end-state (i.e., thumb-up posture). A different pattern emerged when an underhand grip had to be selected. Here, 18% of the 3-year-olds, 45% of the 4-year-olds, and 67% of the 5-year-olds used an underhand grip and finished the action comfortably. For the first time, these results show a distinct pattern of gradual improvement in children’s sensitivity to reach end-state comfort across three age-groups.

To the species structure of predatory phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) of state reserve “Elanetskyi Step”

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Bondarev
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
First Order ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Predatory Phytoseiid Mites

As material for this work the gatherings of the author executed in 2016 year. On 43 species of plants 85 samples in which 249 copies of phytoseiid mites are revealed are taken. For the statistical analysis used an occurrence index (P1, %) and an index of domination of Paliya-Kovnatski (Di). Species structure of predatory phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in plant associations of state reserve "Elanetskyi step" (Mykolaiv region, Ukraine) were studied at the first time. 21 species of 7 genera of the family are detected (A. andersoni, A. herbarius, A. maior, N. marginatus, N. reductus, N. tauricus, E. finlandicus, D. echinus, T. tiliarum, P. intermixtus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans, A. rapida, A. pirianykae, A. recki, A. verrucosa, A. spectata, T. cotoneastri, T. laurae, T. tiliae). Frequency of occurrence and fidelity to different types of plant communities for each species of mites were determined. Amlydromella (s. str.) recki, the most common species, was with occurrence index 35.3%. The species Amblydromella (s. str.) rapida, Amblydromella (Litoseia) spectata, and Paraseiulus intermixtus were the rare species (one specimen of each species was presented at collections). Amblydromella (s. str.) recki was the dominant in the complex of plant-feeding predatory mites. Three species, A. pirianykae, A. andersoni and E. finlandicus, were the subdominants. Typhlodromus cotoneastri was the subdominant of the first order. The remaining 16 species were the secondary members of the complex.

‘Keeping silent to keep the peace’: changes in grandmother's access to their grandchildren following the loss of the son/father

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Irit Regev ◽  
Yael Hochman ◽  
Einav Segev
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Middle Generation

Abstract Relations between grandmothers and their grandchildren following the loss of the son/father have not been studied to date. The present article focuses on this experience, as reflected in the stories of grandmothers (bereaved mothers) and spouses (widows) after the loss, and explores the perception of grandparenthood following the loss of the son/husband. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten grandmothers (bereaved mothers) and spouses (widows) who were recruited as a convenience sample. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings revealed three key patterns of the grandmother–grandchild relations, as perceived by the two groups of women. The patterns indicate complex relations between widows and bereaved mothers, which have implications for the access of the grandmothers to their grandchildren and for their perception of grandparenthood. The study sheds light on the patterns of relations in families that have lost the son/husband/father. The change in power balance between family members and the asymmetry in the family structure created by the absence of the son/husband affect grandparenthood relations. The study emphasises the role of the widows, as the middle generation, in shaping or mediating relationships following the loss. The findings stress the importance of clinical intervention with both the bereaved mothers and the widows.

Blocking Is Sensitive to Causal Structure in 4-Year-Old and 8-Year-Old Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Beckers ◽  
Uschi Van den Broeck ◽  
Marij Renne ◽  
Stefaan Vandorpe ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Contingency Learning

Abstract. In a contingency learning task, 4-year-old and 8-year-old children had to predict the outcome displayed on the back of a card on the basis of cues presented on the front. The task was embedded in either a causal or a merely predictive scenario. Within this task, either a forward blocking or a backward blocking procedure was implemented. Blocking occurred in the causal but not in the predictive scenario. Moreover, blocking was affected by the scenario to the same extent in both age groups. The pattern of results was similar for forward and backward blocking. These results suggest that even young children are sensitive to the causal structure of a contingency learning task and that the occurrence of blocking in such a task defies an explanation in terms of associative learning theory.

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