scholarly journals Effects of blocking farm mink's feed access with open water

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P.B HANSEN ◽  
L.L JEPPESEN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Swimming Water ◽  
Ranch Mink

Thirty-eight farm mink were used to investigate whether open water in some instances could be a barrier to farm mink. Half of the animals grew up with free access to swimming water in a basin, the other half to an empty middle cage. Access between the cage containing the nest box and the cage containing the feed was either through the basin/middle cage or through a tunnel above it. Twenty-four hours before observations, the animals were confined without feed to the cage containing the nest box. Observations were carried out over two and a half hours after re-opening one of the access routes to the feed. When access was through the water filled basin, the animals were slower in reaching the feed and crossed between the feed and the nest box fewer times compared to both the same animals using the tunnel and the animals having a dry middle cage. In addition, animals scratched more at the blocked tunnel access when the available route was through the water than when it was through the dry middle cage. The results led to the conclusion that, under some circumstances, water can act as a barrier when farm minks are approaching feed. This indicates that water for swimming is not necessarily an environmental enrichment for, and that the lack of it would not impair the welfare of ranch mink.;

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Concentration of Molacarplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) and Spotted Snakehead (Channa punctatus) Collected from Pond Water and Open Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
FH Shikha ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
MA Mansur ◽  
N Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Composition Analysis

A study was conducted on the proximate composition and heavy metal concentration of Amblypharyngodon mola and Channa punctatus collected from pond water and open water in Mymensingh. The proximate composition analysis result showed -protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water A. mola were 20.26±0.63, 6.70±0.17, 66.40±1.51 and 2.55±0.58, respectively and for the fish caught from open water the values were 19.66±0.75, 5.81±0.18, 63.03±0.82 and 2.92±0.15, respectively. On the other hand, protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water C. punctatus found 23.83±1.07, 5.91±0.11, 64.44±1.87 and 3.23±0.11, respectively whereas the values for the fish caught from open water were 22.21±0.66, 5.43±0.19, 62.73±1.65 and 3.67±0.47, respectively. Arsenic (As) concentration of A. mola was higher in open water fishes (0.23±0.05 μg g-1) than the fishes of pond water (0.14±0.03 μg g-1). Cd concentration of pond water C. punctatus was found 0.21±0.04 μg g-1 whereas open water fishes contained 0.28±0.06 μg g-1. Copper (Cu) concentration of pond water and open water A. mola was 0.27±0.07 μg g-1 and 0.32±0.04 μg g-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentration of A. mola and C. punctatus was within permissible limits except Cd. The result revealed that open water fishes had higher concentration of heavy metals in their muscle than the fishes of pond water. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 91-99, 2019

Impact of Innovative Capital on the Global Performance of the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-124
Author(s):  
Cristina Raluca Gh. Popescu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Access Data

With the main objective of determining the essential factors that incorporate or enhance innovative capital, the present study, based, on the one hand, on the evaluation of the literature, allowed identifying ten potential factors and centered, on the other hand, on the analysis represented by the linear regression facilitated displaying the interdependencies between these factors and performance, thus determining the overall meaning and intensity of their contribution. In order to identify general and essential trends, to eliminate the cyclical influences of innovative capital, the present study was conducted on the basis of public and free access data contained by Eurostat, the transparency and accessibility of information being very important criteria in defining a simple and successful model, applicable for assessing the contribution of intellectual capital, in general, and its most dynamic component of innovative capital to increasing the performance of organizations.

scholarly journals Perch Selection by Three Cooccurring Species ofCelithemis(Odonata: Libellulidae): Testing for a Competitive Hierarchy among Similar Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade B. Worthen ◽  
Parker H. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Imagej Software

In many communities of perching dragonflies (Odonata: Libellulidae), a size-dependent competitive hierarchy creates a positive relationship between male body size and perch height. We tested for this pattern among three similar-sized species:Celithemis elisa,C. fasciata, andC. ornata.Males were caught and photographed from May to July 2015 at Ashmore Heritage Preserve, Greenville County, SC, USA, and perch heights and perch distance to open water were measured. Five indices of body size were measured with ImageJ software: abdomen length, forewing length, hindwing length, area of forewing, and area of hindwing.Celithemis fasciatawas significantly larger than the other two species for all five anatomical characters and used perches that were significantly taller and closer to open water than the other species, though these differences changed over the summer. Aggressive interactions between and within species were tallied and compared to expected distributions based on mean relative abundances derived from hourly abundance counts. Patterns of interspecific aggression were also consistent with a size-dependent hierarchy: the largeC. fasciatawas attacked less frequently, and the smallC. ornatamore frequently, than predicted by their relative abundances. We conclude that even small differences in body size may contribute to niche partitioning in perch selection.

scholarly journals Markets: Red Light States: Who Buys Online Adult Entertainment?

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Edelman
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Internet Pornography ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Online Entertainment ◽  
Legal Barriers

This paper studies the adult online entertainment industry, particularly the consumption side of the market. In particular, it focuses on the demographics and consumption patterns of those who subscribe to adult entertainment websites. On the surface, this business would seem to face a number of obstacles. Regulatory and legal barriers have already been mentioned. In addition, those charging for access to adult entertainment face competition from similar content available without a fee. In the context of adult entertainment, free access offers consumers an extra benefit: online payments tend to create records documenting the fact of a customer's purchase; consumers of free content may feel more confident that their purchases will remain confidential. More broadly, measured levels of religiosity in American are high. On the other hand, social critics often argue that the rise of Internet pornography is contributing to a coarsening of American culture. Do consumption patterns of online adult entertainment reveal two separate Americas? Or is the consumption of online adult entertainment widespread, regardless of legal barriers, potential for embarrassment, and even religious conviction?

scholarly journals Effect of habitat complexity on the distribution of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) (Crustacea: Cladocera) in a deep lake

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Adamczuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pelagic Zone ◽  
Submerged Vegetation ◽  
Deep Lake ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Quadrangula

Effect of habitat complexity on the distribution of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) (Crustacea: Cladocera) in a deep lake The aim of the study was to compare the density, body size, and reproduction of the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785), in various habitats of Lake Piaseczno (38.8 m deep) in eastern Poland. Samples were taken in the littoral zone (from emergent and submerged vegetation, as well as from open water and the surface layer of water above submerged vegetation) and in the pelagic zone (from the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion). The results show that C. quadrangula prefers the littoral zone, as it achieves there much higher values of the analysed variables than in the pelagic zone. The number and size of adults (including ovigerous females), as well as brood size achieved equally high values in emergent and submerged vegetation, and much lower values in the other habitats (including pelagic ones). Juveniles also preferred to stay in the littoral zone but displayed clear preferences to none of the habitats.

Song Sharing and Local Dialects in a Population of the European Wren Troglodytes Troglodytes

Behaviour ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive K. Catchpole ◽  
Armanda Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Song Sharing ◽  
Song Types

AbstractSongs were recorded from a local population of 13 male wrens at Wraysbury Lakes, Berkshire, U.K. during 1991. Sonagraphic analysis revealed that there were 15 distinct song types in the population, and that each male had between three and six song types in his repertoire. Song sharing between neighbouring males was particularly high. Six of the males in the population were on the east bank of the lake, separated from the other seven on the west bank by 200 metres of open water. Although three song types were distributed over the whole area, six were unique to the east bank and six to the west. Any male could be classified as an east or west bank male, by the possession of several distinct song types unique to each 'dialect' area. So far, clear examples of dialects have been largely restricted to species with only one or two song types in their repertoires. Song sharing and the development of local dialects in the wren are discussed in relation to current views on mechanisms of social learning in songbirds.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FLOOR TYPE ON SERUM FOLATES, SERUM VITAMIN B12, PLASMA BIOTIN AND ON GROWTH PERFORMANCES OF PIGS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BILODEAU ◽  
G. J. BRISSON ◽  
J. J. MATTE ◽  
A. M. B. de PASSILLÉ ◽  
C. L. GIRARD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
B Complex Vitamins

Forty-eight 5-wk-old piglets were grouped into six blocks of eight pigs each. Each block comprised two pens of four pigs, two castrates and two females; one pen had a solid floor (free access to feces) while the other had a slatted floor (limited access to feces). Pigs were fed ad libitum a diet computed to meet NRC requirements for 18 wk. Every 14 d, each animal was weighed and a blood sample was taken for the determination of folates, vitamin B12, biotin, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of floor type on serum folates or vitamin B12, nor on plasma biotin which averaged, respectively, 72.2 ± 2.9 ng mL−1, 246.0 ± 21.3 pg mL−1 and 1.34 ± 0.1 ng mL−1 at the end of the experiment. Biotin concentration was about 16-fold greater in the feces than in the diet, which was indicative of active bacterial synthesis of B-complex vitamins in the gut. Hb and Ht were about 4% higher (P < 0.05) in pigs on slatted floors than in those on solid floors. From 5 to 11 wk, pigs raised on slatted floors grew faster (P < 0.05) than those raised on solid floors, but growth rate was similar (P > 0.05) on both floor types from 11 to 23 wk. The results suggest that whatever the age of growing pigs, coprophagy is not an important way by which these animals meet their requirements in B-complex vitamins. Key words: Pigs, floor type, coprophagy, folates, vitamin B12, biotin

scholarly journals MEDIA WEIGHTED JACKET DAN WEIGHTED BELT UNTUK KEKUATAN TUNGKAI ATLET POLO AIR : STUDI LITERATUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ayudya Suidarwanty Pratiwi ◽  
Boyke Mulyana ◽  
Dikdik Zafar Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Swimming Water ◽  
Water Trapping ◽  
Full Body

Water polo is a full body contact sport. It is the combination of swimming, rugby, soccer, and basketball. The basic skills to be mastered in water polo are swimming, water trapping, and ball controlling using hands while floating in the water supported by egg-beater foot movement, where the leg endurance is the main point to perfect this technique. Athletes need leg endurance to float and swim during the game. This study is a literature review aimed at analyzing water polo athletes’ training using weighted jacket and weighted belt in water on their strength and leg endurance. The data were collected from research results published in national and international journals from 1991 to 2019. Therefore, the data were analyzed using content analysis. The review result revealed that the strategy to combine weighted jacket and weighted belt to train water polo athletes’ leg endurance was more effective. Weighted belts were worn around the athlete's waist, and heavy objects that were generally used for scuba diving were placed on belts. On the other hand, weighted jackets must be placed directly below the waist and the weight is suspended between the legs. The jacket with soft, durable, and waterproof material can be adjusted to the athlete's body size. The use of weighted jacket and weighted belt training media in water polo affected the strength and leg endurance of water polo athletes directly.

scholarly journals Short term behavioural consequences of denied access to environmental facilities in mink

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P.B HANSEN ◽  
L.L JEPPESEN
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Right ◽  
Empty Cage ◽  
Empty Area

The aim of this study was to investigate whether farm mink denied access to water for swimming became more frustrated than animals denied access to an empty cage. Also the relative importance of water for swimming, the empty cage and the nest box was measured. Seventy-eight farm mink were placed in four groups according to a 2x2 experimental design: two unit sizes, large and small, and two water conditions, with or without water. Each unit consisted of three cages side by side in which half of the animals had a water filled basin and the other half an empty area in the middle cage. This cage had openings to the other two cages. In addition, a tunnel above the basin connected the right and left cage. One hour before the beginning of daily observations the animals had their access restricted to only the left cage. Each animal was observed ten times a day on nine consecutive days. No difference in scratching into the tunnel, basin or nest box was detected between the four groups. All groups scratched significantly or nearly significantly more into the nest box than into both the tunnel and the basin. Most stereotypies were found in the group in small cages with a dry basin. Our investigation suggests that when compared to the deprivation from a nest box, the deprivation of water for swimming does not alone cause frustration of farm mink any more that the exclusion from an empty cage. However, it does indicate that the cage size may affect the level of stereotypy.;

Diatom-based Sensors: Organic/Inorganic Interfaces and Health Science Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000974-001002
Author(s):  
Michael Goryll ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Shankar Ramakrishnan ◽  
Kai-Chun Lin ◽  
Kaushal Rege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Health Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Via Holes ◽  
Nanopore Membranes

Nanopore membranes exhibit tremendous potential for applications such as molecular filtration and DNA sequencng studies. However, the large-scale manufacturing of these nanopore membranes using MEMS technology is challenging, requiring slow serial electron or ion-beam patterning. Marine diatoms on the other hand feature biomineralized silica shells with the smallest pore diameters being 40 nm. Their hierarchical pore architecture makes these nanomembranes exceptionally mechanically stable. Moreover, the nanopores are homogeneous in size and have a low aspect ratio, enabling fast diffusion-driven transport. The drawback of the biomineralized structures is that they are single entities, which have to be combined with a support structure to integrate them into a microsystem. Our solution consists of immobilizing the biomineralized structures on silicon substrates. With the diatom shells growing up to 200 μm in diameter, they are easy to manipulate on the oxidized silicon surface. Through-wafer via holes with diameters between 5 μm and 30 μm were etched using a dry etching technique to allow free access to the bottom of the immobilized diatom shell. Two pathways towards immobilization of the diatom shells were used, one being a chemical linkage approach using poly-L-lysine and the other involving UV-polymerizable epoxy. Controlled etching of the silica structure has been employed to manipulate both the dimensions of the nanopores as well as the pore hierarchy. Studies of transport phenomena were carried out after mounting the silicon chip in a fluidic chamber with reservoirs for aqueous solution on either side of the chip. Electrical contact was made via Ag/AgCl electrodes and the transmembrane current was measured by a transimpedance amplifier. Results on our transport studies based on size and chemical considerations will be presented for ions, such as potassium and sodium, present in physiologically relevant isotonic buffers, polystyrene nanobeads and gold nanoparticles.

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