scholarly journals Allocation of added selenium in lettuce and its impact on roots

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SIMOJOKI ◽  
T. XUE ◽  
K. LUKKARI
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Large Scatter ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Growing Conditions

Allocation of selenium (Se) in lettuce and its impact on root morphology were studied to better understand the growth responses of plants to added Se. Lettuce was grown in vermiculite under controlled growing conditions for seven weeks, and the allocation in the shoots and roots of selenate added in increasing dosages (0, 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µg Se per 3.5-litre pot) as well as morphological variables of the roots were determined. The intermediate additions of 100 and 500 µg Se per pot seemed to produce the highest biomasses, although this was nearly masked by large scatter in the data. The Se contents both in roots and shoots increased roughly proportionally to the amount of Se added. However, at small additions Se was preferentially allocated to roots, whereas at larger additions the contents in roots and shoots (mg kg-1 dry matter) were roughly equal. Se treatments did not change the morphology of hypocotyls. On the contrary, the specific length and area of basal and lateral roots were smallest at intermediate Se additions, whereas the specific volume was largest at the largest Se addition. These effects of Se on root morphology were, however, not unambiguously related to plant growth. As the Se contents in roots increased, the roots grew thicker and the specific volume of lateral roots increased in agreement with a hypothesis of increased endogenous ethylene production.;

Distribution of Biomass, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Other Nutrients in Banksia marginata and B. ornata Shoots of Different Ages After Fire.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Groves ◽  
PJ Hocking ◽  
A Mcmahon
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The heathland form of Banksia marginata Cav. regenerates rarely from seed but commonly by resprout- ing from buds on lateral roots, whereas Banksia ornata F. Muell. regenerates only from seed, usually released after fire. The two species co-occur in heath vegetation on nutrient-poor soils in south-eastern South Australia and western Victoria. Shoots were sampled from stands of B. marginata aged from 1 to 25 years and of B. ornata aged from 1 to 50+ years after fire in the Little Desert National Park, western Victoria. B. marginata, the resprouter, distributed a greater proportion of the total shoot dry matter and content of all nutrients to vegetative growth over its shorter life span than B. ornata, the non-sprouter. About 50% of the total phosphorus in B. ornata shoots at 50+ years was present in cones (including seeds) compared with only about 20% in B. marginata shoots at a comparable stage of senescence (25 years). This difference between the species was also true to a lesser degree for nitrogen. There were considerable differences between other nutrients in their distribution patterns in shoots. Nutrients could be grouped together on the basis of distribution in shoots more satisfactorily than on presumed physio- logical roles. Stems were major sites of nutrient accumulation in both species. The content of a particular nutrient in seeds as a proportion of the content in the living parts of the shoot ranged from 0.03% (Na, Mn) to 2.0% (P) in B. marginata, and from 0.3% (Na) to as high as 31% (P) in B. ornata. Concen- trations of all nutrients except sodium were much higher in seeds than in the woody cones or vegetative organs of both species; seeds of B. ornata were particularly rich in calcium and manganese. We conclude that the different patterns of distribution of biomass and nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, within shoots of the two species reflect their different regenerative modes after fire. Introduction Phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen limit the growth of sclerophyllous shrubs on nutrient-poor soils in southern Australia

scholarly journals Influence of Root Morphology on Ecological Slope Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04036
Author(s):  
JI Xiaolei ◽  
XU Lanlan ◽  
YANG Guoping
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Included Angle ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Object Based

Ecological slope protection is of great importance for preventing the water and soil loss on bare slopes, improving the ecological environment, and realizing the sustainable ecosystem development. The root-soil composite slope consisting of homogenous soil mass and oleander root system was taken as the study object. Based on the mechanics principle of soil reinforcement by roots in ecological slope protection, the influences of the lateral root quantity of plants and included angle between main root and lateral root on the slope protection were investigated via the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS. The simulation results show that the larger the quantity of lateral roots, the more obvious the displacement reduction of the soil mass on the slope surface will be. The slope protection effect varies with the root morphology, the included angle between main root and lateral root is an important factor influencing the slope protection effect of plants, and the slope protection effect at included angle of 30° is apparently superior to that at 90°. The research results can provide a theoretical support for the plant selection in the ecological slope protection.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphate Shortage on Root Growth and Hormone Content of Barley Depend on Capacity of the Roots to Accumulate ABA

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vysotskaya ◽  
Guzel Akhiyarova ◽  
Arina Feoktistova ◽  
Zarina Akhtyamova ◽  
Alla Korobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Primary Root Length

Although changes in root architecture in response to the environment can optimize mineral and water nutrient uptake, mechanisms regulating these changes are not well-understood. We investigated whether P deprivation effects on root development are mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and its interactions with other hormones. The ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its wild-type (WT) were grown in P-deprived and P-replete conditions, and hormones were measured in whole roots and root tips. Although P deprivation decreased growth in shoot mass similarly in both genotypes, only the WT increased primary root length and number of lateral roots. The effect was accompanied by ABA accumulation in root tips, a response not seen in Az34. Increased ABA in P-deprived WT was accompanied by decreased concentrations of cytokinin, an inhibitor of root extension. Furthermore, P-deficiency in the WT increased auxin concentration in whole root systems in association with increased root branching. In the ABA-deficient mutant, P-starvation failed to stimulate root elongation or promote branching, and there was no decline in cytokinin and no increase in auxin. The results demonstrate ABA’s ability to mediate in root growth responses to P starvation in barley, an effect linked to its effects on cytokinin and auxin concentrations.

Growth responses of clonal lines of American sycamore grown under different intensities of nutrition

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Steinbeck
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Peak ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Clonal Lines

Four random clones of American sycamore supplied with four concentrations of Hoagland's solution differed in their response to and interacted with treatment as far as height and diameter growth and total dry matter production in the first growing season were concerned. Varying nutrient intensity did not affect the time of the seasonal peak of height and diameter growth; better growth was maintained subsequent to the seasonal peak at the higher concentrations, however. The proportions of the trees in terms of dry-matter distribution and branching characteristics changed with nutrient concentration.

scholarly journals Strength and rigidity of the masonry fragment in a fuzzy setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Vladimir Adishchev ◽  
Irina Kucherenko ◽  
Maria Teterina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Large Scatter ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fuzzy Setting

The strength and stiffness of masonry depend on various factors, such as the properties of the brick and mortar, their specific volume, relative position and quality of adhesive bonds. A high degree of uncertainty of these factors and a large scatter of experimental data in the testing of bricks and mortar are the important features of the masonry. In this paper, we present a mathematical model that allows us to determine the averaged characteristics of masonry based on the mechanical properties of substructural materials and their specific volume content in a fuzzy setting. All input parameters allowing to obtain fuzzy estimates of stresses and deformations of a brickwork fragment are determined by membership functions. For a representative volume of masonry, dependencies are obtained that allow to determine the level of destructive loads and the nature of destruction.

Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine application affects root morphology by altering hormone status and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Plant Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1159
Author(s):  
J. Mao ◽  
C. Niu ◽  
K. Li ◽  
M. Mobeen Tahir ◽  
A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Malus Hupehensis ◽  
Hormone Status

scholarly journals Aluminum in corn plants: influence on growth and morpho-anatomy of root and leaf

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelli Fernandes Batista ◽  
Ismar Sebastião Moscheta ◽  
Carlos Moacir Bonato ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Batista ◽  
Odair José Garcia de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Corn Plants

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most limiting factors for productivity. This research was carried out to assess the influence of Al nutrient solution on plant height, dry weight and morphoanatomical alterations in corn (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five treatments consisting of Al doses (0, 25, 75, 150, and 300 µmol L-1) and six replications. The solutions were constantly aerated, and the pH was initially adjusted to 4.3. The shoot dry matter, root dry matter and plant height decreased significantly with increasing Al concentrations. Compared to the control plants, it was observed that the root growth of corn plants in Al solutions was inhibited, there were fewer lateral roots and the development of the root system reduced. The leaf anatomy of plants grown in solutions containing 75 and 300 µmol L-1 Al differed in few aspects from the control plants. The leaf sheaths of the plants exposed to Al had a uniseriate epidermis coated with a thin cuticle layer, and the cells of both the epidermis and the cortex were less developed. In the vascular bundle, the metaxylem and protoxylem had no secondary walls, and the diameter of both was much smaller than of the control plants.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Chemically Root-pruned Cork Oak Seedlings in the Nursery

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
M. Pardos ◽  
J.A. Pardos ◽  
G. Montero
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings of two Iberian provenances (PA-SR and SM-Lp) were grown for one growing season in non-treated containers or in containers treated on their interior surfaces with white exterior latex paint containing 80 g CuCO3/liter. Copper carbonate-treated containers effectively prevented root deformation and decreased the amount of circled, kinked and matted roots formed at the container wall-medium interface. Root morphology was altered by the copper coating, so elongation of lateral roots contacting CuCO3-treated surfaces was more reduced than that of the tap root (82.7% vs 1.5%). These lateral roots showed higher branching frequency than roots contacting untreated container walls. CuCO3 treatment decreased root collar diameter, but did not influence seedling height, leaf area and tap root length. No sign of copper toxicity was observed in any seedling treated with CuCO3. Provenance had a significant effect on height, root collar diameter, tap root length and root weight per unit length; these results may reflect differences in growth habit of the two provenances. Other growth parameters measured were affected by a copper × provenance interaction. Seedlings of the PA-SR provenance produced less root and plant dry wt when grown in CuCO3-treated than in control containers, but shoot:root ratio was not influenced.

scholarly journals Organic Production of Angelica

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 906A-906
Author(s):  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
Lucette LaFlamme ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions

Angelica (Angelica archangelica) is a tall biennial grown for its root-bound active ingredients. A research was conducted to adapt conventional angelica production methods to organic principles and nordic growing conditions. Seeds should be stratified for 7 to 8 weeks before sowing and transplant production done in multicellular trays filled with compost-peat media and supplemented with organic soluble fertilization. A sequential sampling program was conducted to better-understand the dry matter and active ingredients accumulation patterns over the growing seasons. In light of these results, the recommended production schedule consists of a fall planting and a harvest the following fall. In this manner, both dry matter yield and active ingredient concentration in the root are improved. Root yields increase linearly with planting densities up to 111,111 plants/ha. After 5 years of research, most of the limiting factors have been studied and the problems solved. Our research clearly shows how much yield, quality, and profitability of a newly introduced crop can be improved when a comprehensive research program is implemented.

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