Validation of Several Methods of Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young Men

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars McNaughton ◽  
Phil Hall ◽  
Dean Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Accurate Predictor ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of running tests. 32 young adult male undergraduates of (mean ± SE) age 20.14 ± 0.34 yr., height 179.4 ± 1.8 cm, weight 73.7±2.8 kg, and VO2max 57.89 ± 1.1 ml · kg−1 · min.−1 were randomly tested on four different predictive VO2max running tests to assess their actual VO2max, based on a continuous, progressive treadmill protocol and obtained via gas analysis. The four tests consisted of a treadmill jogging test, 1.5 mile run, Cooper's 12-min. run, and the 20-m progressive shuttle-run test. An analysis of variance applied to means indicated significance. Post hoc analysis between the means with correction by Scheffé showed significant difference between the predictive submaximal treadmill jogging test and the 12-min. run but no other difieren .es. The strength of the relationship between predictive tests and VO2max varied, wit1 the 12-min run having the highest correlation of .87, followed by the 1.5 mile rur .87, 20-m progressive shuttle run .82, and the treadmill jogging test .50. The 12-min. run had the highest correlation of all tests with VO2max in young men, with active to trained levels of fitness. The 1.5 mile and 20-m shuttle run also provided accurate predictions of VO2max and so should be used for an accurate prediction of young men's VO2max.

The Hearing Aid Effect in 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Rauterkus ◽  
Catherine V. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Negative Attributes

Background: The hearing aid effect is the term used to describe the assignment of negative attributes to individuals using hearing aids. The effect was first empirically identified in 1977 when it was reported that adults rating young children with and without hearing aids assigned negative attributes to the children depicted with hearing aids. Investigations in the 1980s and 1990s reported mixed results related to the extent of the hearing aid effect but continued to identify, on average, some negative attributes assigned to individuals wearing hearing aids. Purpose: The specific aim of this research was to investigate whether the hearing aid effect has diminished in the past several decades by replicating the methods of previous studies for testing the hearing aid effect while using updated devices. Research Design: Five device configurations were rated across eight attributes. Results for each attribute were considered separately. Study Sample: A total of 24 adults judged pictures of young men wearing various ear level technologies across 8 attributes on a 7-point Likert scale. Five young men between ages 15 and 17 yr were photographed wearing each of five device configurations including (1) a standard-sized behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid coupled to an earmold with #13 tubing, (2) a mini-BTE hearing aid with a slim tube open-fit configuration, (3) a completely-in-the-canal hearing aid that could not be seen because of its location in the ear canal, (4) an earbud, and (5) a Bluetooth receiver. Data Collection and Analysis: The 24 raters saw pictures of each of the 5 young men with each wearing one of the 5 devices so that devices and young men were never judged twice by the same observer. All judgments of each device, regardless of the young man modeling the device, were combined in the data analysis. The effect of device types on judgments was tested using a one-way between-participant analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference on the judgment of age and trustworthiness level among the five devices. However, our post hoc analysis revealed that only two significant effects were present. People wearing a completely-in-the-canal aid (nothing visible in the ear) were rated significantly older than people wearing an earbud, and people wearing the standard-size BTE with earmold were rated significantly more trustworthy than people who wore the Bluetooth device. Conclusions: It was hypothesized that the hearing aid effect would be diminished in 2013 compared with data reported in the past. This proved to be the case, as no hearing aid condition was rated as more negative than any of the non–hearing aid device conditions. In fact, models wearing the standard-size BTE with earmold were rated as more trustworthy than models wearing the Bluetooth device. The standard-sized BTE with earmold condition is the configuration that can be directly compared with previous research because similar devices were used in those studies. These results indicate that the hearing aid effect has diminished, if not completely disappeared, in the 21st century.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN LADDER DRILL DENGAN METODE ASCENDING DAN DESCENDING TERDADAP PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN DAN KELINCAHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dzul Fikri ◽  
Oce Wiriawan ◽  
Achmad Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Scheffe Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penurunan prestasi atlet futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh latihan Ladder Drill dengan metode latihan ascending dan metode latihan descending terhadap peningkatan kecepatan dan kelincahan pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode quasi-experiment. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design yang dilaksanakan dalam 24 kali pertemuan dalam 8 minggu. Instrumen tes kecepatan menggunakan lari 40 meter, sedangkan instrumen kelincahan menggunakan shuttle run test. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengolah hasil penelitian menggunakan uji-t, MANOVA, dan Post Hoc dengan uji Scheffe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kecepatan dan kelincahan yang signifikan dari metode ascending dan descending. Sedangkan analisis post hoc uji Scheffe tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok ascending dan kelompok descending terhadap kecepatan dan kelincahan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua metode ascending dan descending, dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan sama baiknya terhadap atlet futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. Abstract This research was motivated by a decrease in the achievement of futsal athletes at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. This study aims to examine the effect of ladder drill training with ascending training methods and descending training methods on increasing speed and agility in futsal extracurricular students at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. The type of research in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method. The design used in the study was the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design which was carried out in 24 meetings in 8 weeks. The speed test instrument uses 40 meters running, while the agility instrument uses the shuttle run test. Analysis of the data used to process the research results using the t-test, MANOVA, and Post Hoc with the Scheffe test. The results showed a significant increase in speed and agility from the ascending and descending methods. While the post hoc analysis of the Scheffe test, there was no significant difference between the ascending and descending groups in terms of speed and agility. The results of this study concluded that both ascending and descending methods can improve speed and agility as well as futsal athletes at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.

Cross Validation of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test for Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
A. Lynn Millar ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Terri Hensen ◽  
Mathew D. Vukovsch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Specific Formula ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

We cross validated the 20-m shuttle run test of aerobic capacity in children and adolescents with mild and moderate mental retardation (MR) using the population specific formula of Fernhall et al. (1998). Nine boys and 8 girls (age = 13.7 yr) completed a maximal treadmill protocol (measured V̇O2peak) and a 20-m shuttle run (predicted V̇O2peak). The measured peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) was 39.4 ml kg-1 min-1. The relationship between measured and predicted V̇O2peak was r = .86 with an SEE of 6.2 ml kg-1 min-1. Multiple regression and Bland-Altman analyses showed that there was little bias, but the Bland-Altman analysis indicated highly variable limits of agreement (Bland & Altman 1986). Thus, the traditional approach (regression analysis) to concurrent validity revealed that the 20-m shuttle run is a valid indicator of V̇O2peak in these participants. The accuracy of prediction (Bland & Altman, 1986), however, was lower than expected in a population without MR.

scholarly journals Positional Role Differences in the Aerobic and Anaerobic Power of Elite Basketball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Pojskić ◽  
Vlatko Šeparović ◽  
Edin Užičanin ◽  
Melika Muratović ◽  
Samir Mačković
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the aerobic and anaerobic power and capacity of elite male basketball players who played multiple positions. Fifty-five healthy players were divided into the following three different subsamples according to their positional role: guards (n = 22), forwards (n = 19) and centers (n = 14). The following three tests were applied to estimate their aerobic and anaerobic power and capacities: the countermovement jump (CMJ), a multistage shuttle run test and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). The obtained data were used to calculate the players’ aerobic and anaerobic power and capacities. To determine the possible differences between the subjects considering their different positions on the court, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the different groups of players in eleven out of sixteen measured variables. Guards and forwards exhibited greater aerobic and relative values of anaerobic power, allowing shorter recovery times and the ability to repeat high intensity, basketball-specific activities. Centers presented greater values of absolute anaerobic power and capacities, permitting greater force production during discrete tasks. Coaches can use these data to create more individualized strength and conditioning programs for different positional roles.

scholarly journals Safety of Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects and the Relationship Between Shoulder Stiffness, Diagnosis Points, and Stimulation Points

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Tetsuharu Kamiya ◽  
Takuya Suematsu ◽  
Fumiya Omata ◽  
Sachie Kasukabe ◽  
Manami Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Scalp Acupuncture ◽  
Shoulder Stiffness ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) has been used in clinical practice for pain symptoms worldwide. However, the safety of YNSA and the role of the diagnosis and stimulation points have never been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the safety of YNSA and the relationship between the diagnosis points, the stimulation points, and changes in shoulder stiffness. YNSA was performed at the shoulder point A, acupuncture at the non-shoulder point D, and no intervention as a control in 15 healthy participants three times with a washout period of 1 week. Adverse reactions (changes in blood pressure, changes in heart rate, or bleeding), objective evaluation of the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and muscle hardness (MH) scores at the shoulder, and subjective evaluation of shoulder stiffness with a visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded before, during, and 20 min after stimulation. In the safety evaluation, no adverse reactions such as hypotension, bradycardia, or bleeding/hematoma were observed. PPT and MH revealed no significant difference between the conditions. There was a significant difference in the VAS between all three conditions (p = 0.039). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between controls and D-point stimulation (p = 0.034), but no significant difference between A- and D-point stimulation. VAS subanalysis and post-hoc analysis in right-LI4-positive subjects (n = 4) showed a significant difference in VAS between A-point stimulation and controls (p = 0.01, 0.015, respectively). Our pilot investigation exhibited the safety of YNSA. Diagnosis and stimulation points may relate to changes in shoulder stiffness; however, further comparative studies with YNSA are required.

Cross Validation of the 20-Meter Shuttle Run Test for Adolescents with Down Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Guerra ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Regression Formula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of this study was to determine if the regression formula developed for the 20-m shuttle run test (20 MST) for children and adolescents with mild mental retardation (MR), used to predict cardiovascular fitness (V̇O2peak), is valid for adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Twenty-six adolescents (mean age = 15.3 ± 2.7 yr) with DS (15 males, 11 females) completed a maximal treadmill protocol (measured V̇O2peak) and a 20 MST (predicted V̇O2peak). There was a significant difference (p < .01) between the means of the measured (25.5 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1-·min-1) and the predicted (33.5 ± 3.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) V̇O2peak, respectively. In addition, there was a low relationship between measured and predicted values (r = .54). The results of this study indicate that the regression formula developed for children and adolescents with MR to predict V̇O2peak was not valid in this sample of adolescents with DS.

scholarly journals Using Wearable Cameras to Assess Foods and Beverages Omitted in 24 Hour Dietary Recalls and a Text Entry Food Record App

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1806
Author(s):  
Virginia Chan ◽  
Alyse Davies ◽  
Lyndal Wellard-Cole ◽  
Silvia Lu ◽  
Hoi Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Paired T Test

Technology-enhanced methods of dietary assessment may still face common limitations of self-report. This study aimed to assess foods and beverages omitted when both a 24 h recall and a smartphone app were used to assess dietary intake compared with camera images. For three consecutive days, young adults (18–30 years) wore an Autographer camera that took point-of-view images every 30 seconds. Over the same period, participants reported their diet in the app and completed daily 24 h recalls. Camera images were reviewed for food and beverages, then matched to the items reported in the 24 h recall and app. ANOVA (with post hoc analysis using Tukey Honest Significant Difference) and paired t-test were conducted. Discretionary snacks were frequently omitted by both methods (p < 0.001). Water was omitted more frequently in the app than in the camera images (p < 0.001) and 24 h recall (p < 0.001). Dairy and alternatives (p = 0.001), sugar-based products (p = 0.007), savoury sauces and condiments (p < 0.001), fats and oils (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p = 0.002) were more frequently omitted in the app than in the 24 h recall. The use of traditional self-report methods of assessing diet remains problematic even with the addition of technology and finding new objective methods that are not intrusive and are of low burden to participants remains a challenge.

scholarly journals The effect of liraglutide and sitagliptin on oxidative stress in persons with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvanjaa Sivalingam ◽  
Emil List Larsen ◽  
Daniel H. van Raalte ◽  
Marcel H. A. Muskiet ◽  
Mark M. Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists have shown cardioprotective effects which have been suggested to be mediated through inhibition of oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of treatment with a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (liraglutide) on oxidative stress measured as urinary nucleic acid oxidation in persons with type 2 diabetes. Post-hoc analysis of two independent, randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded clinical trials. In a cross-over study where persons with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria (LIRALBU, n = 32) received liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks in random order, separated by 4 weeks of wash-out. In a parallel-grouped study where obese persons with type 2 diabetes (SAFEGUARD, n = 56) received liraglutide (1.8 mg/day), sitagliptin (100 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Endpoints were changes in the urinary markers of DNA oxidation (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)) and RNA oxidation [8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo)]. In LIRALBU, we observed no significant differences between treatment periods in urinary excretion of 8-oxodG [0.028 (standard error (SE): 0.17] nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.87) or of 8-oxoGuo [0.12 (0.12) nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.31]. In SAFEGUARD, excretion of 8-oxodG was not changed in the liraglutide group [2.8 (− 8.51; 15.49) %, p = 0.62] but a significant decline was demonstrated in the placebo group [12.6 (− 21.3; 3.1) %, p = 0.02], resulting in a relative increase in the liraglutide group compared to placebo (0.16 nmol/mmol creatinine, SE 0.07, p = 0.02). Treatment with sitagliptin compared to placebo demonstrated no significant difference (0.07 (0.07) nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.34). Nor were any significant differences for urinary excretion of 8-oxoGuo liraglutide vs placebo [0.09 (SE: 0.07) nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.19] or sitagliptin vs placebo [0.07 (SE: 0.07) nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.35] observed. This post-hoc analysis could not demonstrate a beneficial effect of 12 weeks of treatment with liraglutide or sitagliptin on oxidatively generated modifications of nucleic acid in persons with type 2 diabetes.

Could Be % MMEF and sGaw Determinant Diagnostic Parameters Between Partial Reversibility and Reversibility in Evaluating Short-Acting Bronchodilator Response?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Erdoğan ◽  
Elif Altuğ ◽  
Sacide Rana Işık ◽  
Levent Tabak
Keyword(s):  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Airway Conductance

INTRODUCTION: By examining the relationship between changes in maximum mild-expiratory flow( MMEF) and specific airway conductance(sGaw), parameters with the change in FEV1 when evaluating the spirometer test and the bronchodilator response, we investigated their diagnostic contribution to the bronchodilator response in those with partial responses to FEV1. METHODS: The retrospective study sample consists of data from 112 patients between Jun 1, 2019, and Feb 1, 2020 who applied to the pulmonary function laboratory with a pre-diagnosis of bronchial hyperreactivity as well as body plethysmography test performed together with the reversibility test. RESULTS: MMEF% and ▲sGaw were linearly correlated with ▲FEV1 (respectively r = 0.752; p <0.001, r = 0.611; p <0.001). While there was a significant difference between ▲MMEF% and ▲sGaw between reversible, partially reversible, and irreversible groups (P <0.001), there was no significant difference in ▲sGaw between partial reversible and reversible groups in post-hoc comparisons (P> 0.05). In the binary logistic regression model created between the partially reversible and reversible groups, demographic characteristics, MMEF% and ▲sGaw variables, ▲MMEF was an independent predictor [OR: 1.132; 95% CI (1.036-1.238), p = 0.006]. The 24% threshold for absolute reversibility or partial reversibility calculated with MMEF% was significant, indicating significance at 86.2% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity (AUC: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.686-0.936; p <0.001). This value we found defined 81% of the partially reversible group as reversible. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We observed that ▲sGaw alone didn' have a determinant contribution for determining reversibility in bronchodilator response, which showed partial reversibility with respect to FEV1 change. We believe that ▲MMEF% can be an independent predictor between these two groups and the calculated threshold value of 24% can be used as a criterion for determining the reversibility in cases where FEV1 is not determinant.

scholarly journals Diastolic function in patients with preeclampsia during pre- and post-partum period using tissue doppler imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I B Rangga Wibhuti ◽  
Amiliana M. Soesanto ◽  
Fahmi Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Prior studies have compared the E/e’ elevation in preeclampsia patients to normal patients, however there are no data whether this elevation persists after birth. The aim of this study is to analyze diastolic function in preeclampsia patients during pre- and post-partum period using E/e’ parameter measurement.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women with preeclampsia who were hospitalized and planned for pregnancy termination. Basic clinical characteristics were obtained from all samples. Echocardiography was done prepartum, 48-72 hours after termination, and 40-60 days postpartum. Post hoc analysis using least significant difference method was used to compare the results between measurements.Results: 30 subjects were enrolled in the study. Analysis on E/e’ characteristics showed statistical difference between prepartum E/e’ and 40 days postpartum E/e’ (11.87±3.184 vs 9.43±2.529, p=0.001, CI=1.123-3.751), as well as between 48 hours post-partum and 40 days post-partum period (12.12±2.754 vs 9.43±2.529, p<0.001, CI=1.615-3.771). There were no statistical differences between pre-partum E/e’ and 48 hours post-partum E/e’ (11.87±3.184 vs 12.12±2.754, p=0.633, CI=-1.345-0.832).Conclusion: This study showed diastolic dysfunction in preeclampsia patients persists up until a few days after birth, but resolves in time (40 days after birth) as measured by tissue doppler imaging.

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