scholarly journals Evaluation of Oil Desorption from Shale and Sandstone by Surfactant Solutions with Implication to Oily Drillcuttings Decontamination

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Mazen Ahmed Muherei
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Full Factorial

In this paper, batch experiments of shale/sandstone aqueous systems were conducted to evaluate desorption of spiked oil from shale and sandstone using surfactant solutions. The desorption experimental study was designed to determine if selected surfactants in aqueous solutions with varying pH, initial oil on shale/sandstone, surfactant concentrations, surfactant type, solid/liquid ratio, with and without sonication and at different contact time could enhance the desorption of spiked oil (Sarapar147) from pre-spiked shale and sandstone. The experiments tested the influence of the selected variables in batch experiments. The early screening results obtained for sandstone and shale show that sandstone are very much easier to clean than shales. Furthermore, the desorption efficiencies was lower for water compared to surfactant solutions particularly for sandstones.  Nevertheless, ultrasound was able to improve the desorption efficiencies for sandstone washings but not for shale washings. In the other hand, the results of the full factorial experiments showed that the variations of solution pH, mechanical interruption by ultrasound, and prolonged desorption times did not significantly improve the desorption process. These results give strong evidence to the existence of a considerable and irreversibly bound fraction of oil to shale.

Removal of Copper from Vineyard Soil by Washing with Biosurfactant

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3091-3095
Author(s):  
Da Zhao ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Shi Bo Tao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Fermentation Solution

The washing process in batch experiments was conducted to investigate the performance of fermentation solution on removal copper(Cu) from vineyard soil. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, pH value and contact time on the removal capacities of Cu by fermentation solution had been studied. The results showed that the optimum solid-liquid ratio was 1:10 for soil treatment. The fermentation solution showed a better removal efficiency of Cu in alkaline conditions, getting the highest removal efficiency of 34.3%. In addition, with the increase of contact time, higher removal efficiency was obtained.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

scholarly journals β-Cyclodextrin Modified Poly(Acrylonitrule-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel for Thorium(IV) Adsorption

Polymers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojian Duan ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhong ◽  
Lei Bi ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Tonghuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water System ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

In this report, the β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was used to remove the thorium(IV) [Th(IV)] from the water system, and the new adsorbent was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of contact time, pH value, ionic strength, solid-liquid ratio, initial Th(IV) concentration, and temperature on Th(IV) adsorption onto the functional hydrogel were researched. The results showed that the experimental data followed the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Th(IV) was 692 mg/g at pH 2.95, which approached the calculated (qe) 682 mg/g. The desorption capacity of Th(IV) in different HNO3 concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 M was also studied, and the percentage of the maximum desorption was 86.85% in the condition of 0.09 M HNO3. The selectivity of β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was also be studied, the results indicated that this material retained the good adsorption capacity to Th(IV) even when the Ca2+, Mg2+, or Pb2+ existed in the system. The findings indicate that β-CD(AN-co-AA) can be used as a new candidate for the enrichment and separation of Th(IV), or its analogue actinides, from large-volume solution in practical application.

Thiacalix[4]Arenetetrasulfonate Applied to Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Lead

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Da Zhao ◽  
Tie Heng Sun ◽  
Xiao Jun Hu ◽  
Xiao Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Liquid

The performance of thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (TCAS) for the treatment of soils contaminated with lead was evaluated in this study. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of lead-polluted soil. The effects of temperature, solid-liquid ratio and the ionic strength on the removal capacities of lead by TCAS reagent had been studied. The results showed that the TCAS reagent was effective for removal of lead from the contaminated soil, the optimum temperature of TCAS for soil treatment was 5°C-25°C. The optimum solid-liquid ratio was 1:10 for soil treatment. Adding Ca(NO3)2 was of no advantage for lead removal, and the effect of Ca(NO3)2 on the removl rate was less when its molarity was less than 0.01mol/L. This experimental work has also demonstrated the great importance of soil matrix for the evaluation of the TCAS leaching as a cost effective remedial option.

Extractive Decontamination of Copper-Polluted Soils Using TCAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 462-465
Author(s):  
Da Zhao ◽  
Tie Heng Sun ◽  
Xiao Jun Hu ◽  
Xiao Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Total Copper ◽  
Solid Liquid

Thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (TCAS) was investigated as an extractant for decontaminating copper-polluted soils with elevated total copper (2000mg/kg) from the national field research station of Shenyang agroecosystems. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of copper-polluted soil. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, the ionic strength and temperature on the removal capacities of copper by TCAS reagent had been studied. The results showed that the TCAS reagent was effective for removal of copper from the contaminated soil, the optimum solid-liquid ratio was 1:10 for soil treatment. Adding Ca(NO3)2was of no advantage for copper removal, and the effect of Ca(NO3)2on the removl rate was less when its molarity was less than 0.1mol/L. The optimum temperature of TCAS for soil treatment was 5°C-25°C.

Removal of Low Concentration Chromium (III) from Aqueous Solution with 4 Microbial Biosorbents

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1863-1870
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yong Liang Sun ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Ju Fang Wang ◽  
Wen Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Biomass Dosage ◽  
Optimal Ph

The low concentration Chromium (Ⅲ) adsorption was studied by 4 biosorbents (TP, XB, MY and TQ), which were isolated from Chrome-tanned leather construction section sludge. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of contact time, solution pH, biomass dosage, initial concentration of copper and temperature on biosorption efficiency. The experiment results showed that the concentration of chromium (Ⅲ) could meet the national standard (≤1.5mg/L) after treatment. The optimal pH value, mass concentration and temperature of biosorption was 4.0, 0.5g/L and 30°C, respectively. When the biosorbent were treated by [ NaOH ]= 0.3 mol/L, absorption capacitie was increased by 34.54%、23.21%、17.86% and 38.96% respectively. And from the results of SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and FT-IR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy), the structure and functional groups of biosorbents was changed after the biosorption.

Removal of Fluoride on Chitosan Coated Alumina (CAL) from Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 797-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Lin Tang ◽  
Huan Zhen Zhang ◽  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Shu Fen Gong
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Naoh Solution

CAL beads were made by dropping wise mixture of chitosan and alumina into NaOH solution. Effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and pH on fluoride removal were carried out by batch experiments. Results show that adsorption rate was relatively rapid in the first 6 h, thereafter distinctly decreased until adsorption reached the equilibrium within 48 h, at this time, adsorption capacity was up to 0.67 mg/g, which was much higher than raw chitosan (0.052 mg/g). Fluoride removal increased significantly with an increase of adsorbent dosage, however, it rose slowly when the adsorbent dosage was above 16 g/L. Adsorption capacity reduced from 0.75 mg/g to 0.64mg/g when solution pH rose from 4 to 7, nevertheless, adsorption was relatively independent on solution pH between 7 and 10.

Studies of Pb2+ adsorption by Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds from an aqueous medium in a batch system

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Meneghel ◽  
Affonso Celso Gonçalves ◽  
César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Fernanda Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Desorption Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The efficiency of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seeds for removing lead ions (Pb2+) from water was evaluated. Parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent mass, contact time between solution and adsorbent, isotherms, thermodynamic, kinetics, and desorption were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the biosorbent was found to be 12.24 mg g−1. In order to verify the effectiveness of this material, comparative studies were performed with activated carbon under the same optimal conditions for the construction of isotherms and the desorption process. Average desorption rate values led to the assumption that a strong interaction took place between the adsorbents and the metal ions. Thus, it has been concluded that the biosorbent studied herein can be considered very effective and feasible for remediating Pb2+-contaminated solutions, since this material is itself an untreated and low-cost byproduct.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS (CU, NI, ZN, PB, CD) FROM COMPOST BY MOLASSES HYDROLYSATE

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Elmaslar ÖZBAŞ ◽  
Nilgün BALKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to remove heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd) from composts using molasses hydrolysate, produced from molasses by-product of the sugar industry. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of differing experimental conditions on the removal of heavy metals, according to contact time and solid–liquid ratio. Batch experiments achieved removal efficiencies of 66% for Cu(II), 52% for Ni(II), 57% for Zn(II), 51% for Pb (II), and 77% for Cd(II) at 60 minutes and 1:12.5 solid–liquid ratio. Column experiments achieved removal efficiencies of 91% for Cu, 86% for Ni, 99% for Zn, 61% for Pb, and 99% for Cd at 0.55 mL/minute flow rate and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:12.5 g/mL. Producing large quantities of highly acidic and heavy metal contaminated solution, compost with low pH, and decreasing some parameters’ concentrations of compost such as C, TKN, total P are the disadvantages of suggested technology.

scholarly journals Liquid-liquid separation of Cd (II) from Cu-sulfide cake prepared from sulfate solution of Abu-Thor ore material, Southwestern, Sinai, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Elham Awny
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Southwestern Sinai

The present work is concerned with the subsequent liquid-liquid separation of Cu, Zn, and Cd compounds from Cu- sulfide cake prepared from the sulfate solution of Abu-Thor Gibbsite-bearing shale ore material. This ore was found assaying 0.014% of Cd, 0.5% of Cu, and 0.55% of Zn as the elements of interest, by using 25% of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution at a solid/liquid ratio of 1/3 reaction time of 90 min at a temperature of 80<sup> </sup>◦C. About 96.5% of Cu (II), 99.3% of Cd (II), and 95.6% of Zn (II), respectively, were dissolved. After filtration, the prepared sulfate solution was treated with a suitable weight of Na<sub>2</sub>S to prepare the working Cu-sulfide cake, which was then wholly re-dissolved in 10% of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution to prepare the working sulfate solution, which contained the elements of interest. This solution was gone out to the organic solvent process for complete separating between the Cu (II), Zn (II) ions in the organic phase, and Cd (II) ions in the aqueous phase. The effective extraction parameters such as pH value, LIX concentration, contact time, and organic/aqueous ratio were studied. The obtained data cleared that the pH value of 2.5 was found effective for separating Cd (II) in the aqueous phase and both Zn (II) and Cu (II) in the organic phase. Where Cd (II) ions were precipitated as CdS using Na<sub>2</sub>S solution at pH 0.89, on the other side, both Zn (II) and Cu (II) were completely separated in the stripping process using Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution.

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