scholarly journals Organic Weed Control Measures for Nigerian Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. O. Ansa ◽  
Kingsley O. Wiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control

The need for sustainability has been the focus of every country especially developing countries of which Nigeria belongs. Population increases at an uncontrollable dimension and the provision of food for the populace becomes paramount. The productivity of crops is seriously hampered due to influence of weds which reduce the quantity and quality of plants by affecting plants growth, development and yield. Weeds reduce crops performance by as much as 80% in an uncontrolled situation. To increase crops yield and control weeds, synthetic substances like inorganic fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were introduced into Nigerian cropping system. These off-farm-inputs caused soil degradation, soil compartment, soil pollution and environmental hazard as well as life uncertainty (insecurity) as herbicides enter water bodies and affect animals and human when such polluted underground water is used. Research on more efficient and effective means of saving the soil from destruction and adequate weed control measures gave rise to organic farming. The emergence of organic weed control is geared towards the effective control of weeds with environmental consideration and soil enrichment. Many organic weed control measures have been identified in Nigerian cropping system to include: use of cover crops, use of green manure, use of crop rotation, use of soil fauna, tillage, use of allelopathic plants, use of farmyard manures and biofertilizers. It was recommended that for increased food production to be achieved, organic farming system should be adopted, government at all levels should give more attention to the training of more personnel who will adequately control weeds, organic weed control measures should be advocated (encouraged) and there should be enlightenment for the Nigerian farmers on the need to adopt organic weed control measures in their cropping system for increased crop productivity.

scholarly journals Weed Control by Organic Mulch in Organic Farming System

10.5772/60120 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Pupalienė ◽  
Aušra Sinkevičienė ◽  
Darija Jodaugienė ◽  
Kristina Bajorienė
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Organic Farming System

scholarly journals Intercropping of Pea and Spring Cereals for Weed Control in an Organic Farming System

Weed Control ◽  
10.5772/34926 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina arnait ◽  
Aura Arlauskien ◽  
Irena Deveikyt Stanislava Maiktnien ◽  
ydr Kadiulien
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Organic Farming System

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management in Rice–Wheat Cropping System: An Evidence on Sustainability in the Indian Subcontinent through Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Sharma ◽  
Rajeev Padbhushan ◽  
Upendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Impact

Over years of intensive cultivation and imbalanced fertilizer use, the soils of the Indiansubcontinent have become deficient in several nutrients and are impoverished in organic matter.Recently, this region has started emphasizing a shift from inorganic to organic farming to managesoil health. However, owing to the steadily increasing demands for food by the overgrowingpopulations of this region, a complete shift to an organic farming system is not possible. The rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) is in crisis because of falling or static yields. The nations of thisregion have already recognized this problem and have modified farming systems towardintegrated nutrient management (INM) practices. The INM concept aims to design farmingsystems to ensure sustainability by improving soil health, while securing food for the populationby improving crop productivity. Therefore, this paper was synthesized to quantify the impact androle of INM in improving crop productivity and sustainability of the RWCS in the context of theIndian subcontinent through meta-analysis using 338 paired data during the period of 1989–2016.The meta-analysis of the whole data for rice and wheat showed a positive increase in the grainyield of both crops with the use of INM over inorganic fertilizers only (IORA), organic fertilizersonly (ORA), and control (no fertilizers; CO) treatments. The increase in grain yield was significantat p < 0.05 for rice in INM over ORA and CO treatments. For wheat, the increase in grain yield wassignificant at p < 0.05 in INM over IORA, ORA, and CO treatments. The yield differences in theINM treatment over IORA were 0.05 and 0.13 Mg ha−1, respectively, in rice and wheat crops. Thepercent yield increases in INM treatment over IORA, ORA, and CO treatments were 2.52, 29.2, and90.9, respectively, in loamy soil and 0.60, 24.9, and 93.7, respectively, in clayey soil. The net returnsincreased by 121% (INM vs. CO) in rice, and 9.34% (INM vs. IORA) and 127% (INM vs. CO) inwheat crop. Use of integrated nutrient management had a positive effect on soil properties ascompared to other nutrient management options. Overall, the yield gain and maintenance of soilhealth due to INM practices over other nutrient management practices in RWCS can be a viablenutrient management option in the Indian subcontinent.

Manipulating Crop Row Orientation to Suppress Weeds and Increase Crop Yield

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. D. Borger ◽  
Abul Hashem ◽  
Shahab Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
East West

Crop rows oriented at a right angle to sunlight direction (i.e., east–west within the winter cropping system in Western Australia) may suppress weed growth through greater shading of weeds in the interrow spaces. This was investigated in the districts of Merredin and Beverley, Western Australian (latitudes of 31° and 32°S) from 2002 to 2005 (four trials). Winter grain crops (wheat, barley, canola, lupines, and field peas) were sown in an east–west or north–south orientation. Within wheat and barley crops oriented east–west, weed biomass (averaged throughout all trials) was reduced by 51 and 37%, and grain yield increased by 24 and 26% (compared with crops oriented north–south). This reduction in weed biomass and increase in crop yield likely resulted from the increased light (photosynthetically active radiation) interception by crops oriented east–west (i.e., light interception by the crop canopy as opposed to the weed canopy was 28 and 18% greater in wheat and barley crops oriented east–west, compared with north–south crops). There was no consistent effect of crop row orientation in the canola, field pea, and lupine crops. It appears that manipulation of crop row orientation in wheat and barley is a useful weed-control technique that has few negative effects on the farming system (i.e., does not cost anything to implement and is more environmentally friendly than chemical weed control).

scholarly journals PENGARUH JENIS KOMPOS DAN WAKTU PENGENDALIAN GULMA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS SECARA ORGANIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Wijaya ◽  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Masdar Masdar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Plants

There has been a shift towards sustainable agriculture including organic farming system. Organic fertilizer is absolutely necessary in organic farming to replace synthetic fertilizers. In addition, weed control is nessesary to prevent yield decrease. This study aimed to compare influence of different types of compost and weed control periode on growth and yield of sweet corn. This research was carried out in January-March 2016 in Padang Serai, Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, Bengkulu City, Indonesia. The design used in the experiment was Complete Random Design with two factors. The first factor was synthetic fertilizer, vermicompost, litter compost, wedelia compost and water hyacinth compost, whereas the second factor was the weed control periode which were 3 WAP (week after planted) as well as 3 and 6 WAP. Sweet corn plants that nurtured with compost has better growth and yield compared to a plant that just nurtured with inorganic fertilizers. The best growth and yield of sweet corn plants produced from plants fertilized with wedelia compost and vermicompost followed by water hyacinth compost and litter leaves compost. Sweet corn fertilized with wedelia compost and vermicompost provided highest shoot fresh and dry weight. Sweet corn fertilized with compost of rate 20 ton/Ha gave diameter of unhusked ear, diameter of husked ear as well as length of unhusked ear higher than synthetic fertilizer. Weed control once in 3 WAP (week after planted) as well as twice in 3 and 6 WAP resulted in no significant different on sweet corn growth and yield

scholarly journals Soil Particulate and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter Increases in Organic Farming under Cover Cropping and Manure Addition

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Sandra Pärnpuu ◽  
Liina Talgre ◽  
Viacheslav Eremeev ◽  
Anne Luik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Sequestration Rate ◽  
Soc Stock

This study aimed to investigate the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and soil organic matter (SOM) composition in conventional rotational cropping with mineral fertilization compared with organic cover cropping with and without composted manure addition during 2008–2018 to specify the SOM stabilization under different farming systems. The SOC proportion in particulate organic matter (POM) (63–2000 µm) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) (<63 µm) fractions were estimated in different treatments, and the SOM composition in the fractions was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The SOC sequestration rate was treatment-dependent, with the higher SOC sequestration rate (1.26 Mg ha−1 y−1) in the organic treatment with cover crop and composted manure. Across all treatments, 57.3%–77.8% of the SOC stock was in the MAOM fraction. Mineral N fertilization increased POM-C concentration by 19%–52% compared with the unfertilized control. Under the organic treatments, the POM-C concentration was 83%–95% higher than the control. The MAOM-C concentration increased by 8%–20%. The mineral N fertilization and organic treatments (with and without cover crops and composted manure) increased the SOC stock proportion of POM. The highest proportion of SOC stock related to POM was in the cover cropping system, reducing the proportion of C related to the MAOM fraction, but the addition of composted manure with cover cropping also increased the proportion of C in MAOM. Compared with MAOM, the POM had a less resistant organic matter composition, and the POM resistance was higher in organic than conventional treatments. In general, the recalcitrance of SOM increased with SOC concentration. The POM fraction had higher aromaticity (or degree of decomposition) than the MAOM fraction. The aromaticity in POM and MAOM fractions was higher in the organic farming system and depended on mineral N fertilization and cover cropping, but the effect of manure was not significant. Although the SOC sequestration rate was higher under manure addition, resulting in the highest formation of both POM and MAOM in the soil, manure addition had little effect on overall SOM composition compared with cover crops.

scholarly journals The problems of breeding new varieties of forage and other plants for improving the soil in organic farming in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
S I Kostenko ◽  
N Yu Kostenko ◽  
E G Sedova ◽  
K S Kharkov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
Main Thing

Abstract In the agriculture of Russia, organic farming is still relatively uncommon, aimed at obtaining ecologically pure food products of the highest quality category. Such agriculture is characterized by minimal use (up to complete rejection of the use) of various pesticides and other agrochemicals. Tillage under such a farming system is also minimized. At the same time, the use of green manure plants is of great importance. The most famous of these is the seradella. But this culture is most common in the southern regions. In Western Europe, it has been used for this purpose for hundreds of years. On the territory of our country, other crops are used and mainly these are fodder plants: yellow lupine, narrow-leaved lupine, white lupine, hedgehog, perennial ryegrass, white mustard. gray mustard, spring rape, winter rape, spring vetch, winter furry vetch, meadow clover and many others. To create specialized varieties, the main thing is to select plants that, to the maximum extent, will be able to suppress the development of weeds, increase soil fertility, and make poorly soluble nutrients available. In our country, there is a huge number of soil differences and climate features (temperatures, rainfall and their distribution by seasons, etc.), therefore, the creation of one variety of each crop for the entire country is extremely difficult. The requirements for green manure and normal use of plants of the same crop differ sharply. For example, the presence in fodder plants of hydrocyanic acid, glucosinolates and other substances toxic to animals is unacceptable, and their presence in green manure crops, as a rule, is not harmful, and often useful. There are also differences in the requirements for the rate of development and longevity of varieties. Therefore, the standards for breeding varieties intended for green manure fallows or cover crops differ significantly from the requirements for a variety for other purposes - such varieties should be distinguished by rapid seed germination, rapid growth of green mass, such varieties may not differ in longevity, since they are used for one season, often they winter hardiness is not needed. Work in this direction has begun, there are specialized first varieties, but for many cultures this work is just beginning.

scholarly journals Summer Squash Planting Systems Following a Rye Cover Crop

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 998D-999
Author(s):  
James W. Shrefler ◽  
Warren Roberts ◽  
Charles Webber ◽  
Jonathan Edelson ◽  
Merritt Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Commercial organic vegetable production requires using soil improvement practices and effective weed control measures. Rye (Secale cereale) cover crops are known to suppress annual weeds. Research was begun in 2004 to measure crop yield, annual weed infestation, and weed control requirements for vegetable planting systems that begin with a rye cover crop. Poultry litter was used to supply nutrients and was applied based on a soil test and commercial vegetable recommendations. Rye `Elbon' was seeded 21 Oct. 2004 on beds with 1.8-m centers. Zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) `Revenue' was planted the following year using three crop establishment dates, such that transplanting occurred on 6 May, 3 June, and 29 June. Planting system treatments included: conventional tillage (CT), CT and plastic mulch (P), CT with stale seedbed, mow, mow and burn-down, mow and shallow till (ST), ST and burn-down. Following field preparation, squash was transplanted in a single row at the bed center with 0.77-m plant spacing. Drip irrigation was used in all plantings. Emerging weeds were removed by hoeing. Squash was harvested from each planting over approximately 3 weeks and total marketable fruit counts were determined. Marketable yields with P were approximately double those of the CT and ST treatments in the 6 May transplanting. Yields were comparable for CT and ST in the 3 June transplanting, but were significantly lower for the P treatment. There were no significant differences among the treatments that received tillage in the 29 June planting. However, the non-tilled treatments had significantly lower yields compared to tilled treatments.

Transmission dynamics and control options for Echinococcus granulosus

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (S1) ◽  
pp. S143-S158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. TORGERSON ◽  
D. D. HEATH
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Economic Output

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a global public health problem. Whilst in a few localities, such as New Zealand, the parasite has been effectively controlled or even eradicated, in most endemic regions it remains a persistent problem. In some areas, such as the former Soviet Union, the disease incidence in humans has increased rapidly in recent years. It is important to have an understanding of the transmission dynamics, both between dogs and domestic livestock where the parasite maintains itself and from dogs to people. It is from this knowledge that effective control measures can be devised to reduce the prevalence of the parasite in animals and hence reduce the incidence of human disease. Mathematical models to describe the transmission of the parasite and the effects of different control strategies were first proposed over twenty years ago. Since then further information has been acquired, new technology has been developed and better computing technology has become available. In this review, we summarise these developments and put together a theoretical framework on the interpretation of surveillance information, how this affects transmission and how this information can be exploited to develop new intervention strategies for the control of the parasite. In particular, the parasite remains a persistent or re-emerging problem in countries of low economic output where resources for an intensive control programme, that has been successful in rich countries, are not available. By understanding of the transmission biology, including mathematical modelling, alternative and cost-effective means of control can be developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document