scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaIsolated from Animal-Origin Food Items in Gondar, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrat Ejo ◽  
Legesse Garedew ◽  
Zabishwork Alebachew ◽  
Walelgn Worku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Origin Food ◽  
Minced Meat

Salmonellahas been found to be the major cause of foodborne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2014 and December 2015 on food items of animal origin to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofSalmonellaisolates using standard bacteriological methods. The overall prevalence rate of 5.5% was recorded from the total analyzed food items of animal origin.Salmonellaisolates were detected from 12% of raw meat, 8% of minced meat, 2.9% of burger samples, 18% of raw eggs, and 6% of raw milk. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility test identified 47.6% resistantSalmonellaisolates, 28.6% intermediately sensitive isolates, and 23.8% susceptible isolates. AmongSalmonellaisolates tested, 42.6%, 28.6%, and 14.3% were found to be relatively resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ampicillin, respectively, while 9.5%–19% were intermediately resistant to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, our findings provide the prevalence and drug resistance ofSalmonellafrom foods of animal origin and contribute information to scientists as well as public health researchers to minimize the prevalent and resistant foodborneSalmonellaspecies in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times and Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽  
Susana Iglesias-Casás ◽  
Víctor Manuel González-Chordá ◽  
María Jesús Valero-Chillerón ◽  
Laura Andreu-Pejó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Background: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. Results: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and “other” professionals repeatedly appeared. Conclusions: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System’s structure and management but also on healthcare professionals’ training.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110134
Author(s):  
Chutima Rattanawan ◽  
Suraiya Cheloh ◽  
Asma Maimahad ◽  
Malatee Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella Isolates from Animal Origin Food Items in Selected Areas of Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, 2018/19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Minda Asfaw Geresu ◽  
Behailu Assefa Wayuo ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Arsi Zone ◽  
Animal Origin Food

The status of Salmonella and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile in animal origin food items from different catering establishments in Ethiopia is scarce. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolates from animal origin food items in the selected areas of Arsi Zone. One hundred ninety-two animal origin food samples were collected and processed for Salmonella isolation. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assay. An overall prevalence of 9.4% (18/192) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered from animal origin food samples collected from different catering establishments. Seven (21.9%) of “Dulet,” 4 (12.5%) of “Kitfo,” 3 (9.4%) of “Kurt,” 2 (6.3%) of raw milk, 1 (3.1%) of egg sandwich and 1 (3.1%) of cream cake samples were positive for Salmonella. Catering establishments, protective clothing, source of contamination, manner of hand washing, and money handling were among the putative risk factors that were significantly associated ( p < 0.05 ) with Salmonella spp. occurrence. Ampicillin, nitrofurans, and sulphonamide resistance were significantly associated ( p < 0.05 ) with Salmonella spp. occurrence in the selected food items. Three (16.7%), 5 (27.8%), 5 (27.8%), and 4 (22.2%) of the isolates were resistant to 3, 4, 5, and 6 antibiotics, respectively, whereas only a sole isolate was resistant to two antibiotics (viz. ampicillin and kanamycin). In conclusion, the general sanitary condition of the catering establishments, utensils used, and personnel hygienic practices were not to the recommended standards in the current study. Besides, detection of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella in animal origin food items from different catering establishments suggests the need for detailed epidemiological and molecular characterization of the pathogen so as to establish the sources of acquisition of resistant Salmonella strains. Hence, implementation of Salmonella prevention and control strategies from farm production to consumption of animal origin food items are crucial.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Hand-washing Habit and Toilet Use with Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Nikmatur Rohmah ◽  
Fariani Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Before And After

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years

scholarly journals Prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniInfection in Four Health Areas of Kisantu Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khonde Kumbu ◽  
K. Mbanzulu Makola ◽  
Lu Bin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Health Zone

Background. Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Democratic Republic of the Congo but estimates of its prevalence vary widely. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection and associated risk factors among children in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone.Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone. 388 children randomly selected were screened forS. mansoniusing Kato Katz technique and the sociodemographic data was collected. Data were entered and encoded using software EpiData version 3.1. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software.Results. The prevalence ofS. mansoniwas 26.5% (103); almost two-thirds (63) (61.2%) had light infection intensity. A significant association was found betweenS. mansoniinfection and age (p=0.005), educational level (p=0.001), and practices of swimming/bathing (p<0.001) and using water from river/lake/stream for domestic use (p<0.001). Kipasa health area had high prevalence of schistosomiasis (64.6%) (64/99; 95% CI 54.4–74.0) compared to other health areas.Conclusion.Schistosoma mansoniinfection still remains a public health problem in these areas. There is a need to promote health education and promote behavioral changes in children towards schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Martin Kampamba ◽  
Trevor Cheela ◽  
Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo ◽  
Steward Mudenda ◽  
Kennedy Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Expired Medicines

Background: Unsafe disposal of unused and expired household medicines is a public health problem and mostly occur because of a lack of knowledge towards suitable medicine disposal methods. Thus, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on the disposal methods of unused and expired medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 385 students from three higher learning academic institutions were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire from 10th May to 24th June 2019. The cleaned data was then transferred to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 23 (SD±2.9). Out of the 385 participants, 215 (55.8%) did not know much about medical waste and 345 (89.6%) of them did not have any previous information regarding proper and safe disposal of unused and expired medicine. However, 351 (91.4%) of the participants appropriately responded that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicine poses a threat to human health and can harm the environment. Throwing unused and expired medicine in household garbage/bin was the most frequently used disposal practice followed by flushing them in toilet/sink as responded by 231 (60.0%) and 128 (33.3%) of participants respectively. Only 17 (4.42%) reported returning unused and expired medicines to the nearest pharmacy.  Conclusions: The majority of the study participants used unsafe methods to dispose of unused and expired medicine. However, most of the participants acknowledged that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines is a public health problem and proposed the need to introduce drug take-back programs in the communities.  

scholarly journals Anemia among HIV Infected Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesay Lema Geleta ◽  
Fithamlak Bisetegn Solomon ◽  
Efrata Girma Tufa ◽  
Fekadu Elias Sadamo ◽  
Samson Kastro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract Background Anemia is a global public health problem and most of the HIV positive people become anemic at some point in the course of the disease. We lack adequate evidence on the magnitude of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Ethiopia and particularly in South Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed at determining the proportion and associated factors of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.Method a facility based cross-sectional study has been conducted from November to December 2018 on 256 children 6 months to 14 years of age who were on Anti retroviral therapy. Data were collected through an interview with caregivers and review of medical records. CD4+ cell count was analyzed using FACS caliber and Hemoglobin level was measured with Hem cue 301 analyzer. Stool sample was examined for presence of intestinal parasites by direct wet mount technique. Data analyzed with Stata version 14.0 were conveyed in mean and standard deviation of the mean, median and inter-quartile range. Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported.Results The magnitude of anemia was found to be 38.8%. Taking Co-trimoxazole antibiotic prophylaxis (AOR=.45; 95% CI: .21, .95), caregivers’ not receiving nutritional counseling (AOR=09; 95% CI: .01, .98) and presence of intestinal parasites (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.39, 6.88) were associated with anemia.Conclusion The magnitude of anemia obtained in this study is a moderate public health problem. Health education programs in Anti Retroviral Therapy clinics should be targeted at appropriate dietary practice, and appropriate hand washing and other hygienic practices to prevent intestinal parasitic infections. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should give given to all eligible children based on the recommendation.

scholarly journals ANGKA KEJADIAN MEROKOK PADA PASIEN TB PARU YANG BEROBAT DI POLIKLINIK DOTS PADA BULAN NOVEMBER 2014

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widyanita K. Silo ◽  
M. C. P. Wongkar ◽  
Yuanita A. Langi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Keywords Lung

Abstract: Lung Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that remains as a public health problem. Several studies suggest a significant relationship between smoking and lung tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis in DOTS Polyclinic Prof. Dr R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive cross - sectional study conducted in October 2014. Samples included 57 people. Total of lung tuberculosis patients who smoked were 33 people; 28 were males (84.8 %). In the age group of 56-65 years there were 9 people (27.3 %). The most frequent of jobs were self-employed (8 people; 24.2 %). The results showed that the incidence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis approximately 57.9 %. Keywords: lung tuberculosis, smoking.Abstrak: Penyakit TB paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dalam masyarakat. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok dengan TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional terhadap pasien TB paru yang berobat di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada bulan November 2014. Sampel berjumlah 57 orang. Jumlah pasien TB paru yang merokok adalah 33 orang, dimana jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki yaitu 28 orang (84,8%). Kelompok umur 56-65 tahun adalah yang terbanyak yaitu 9 orang (27,3%), dan pekerjaan terbanyak adalah wiraswasta 8 orang (24,2%). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru sekitar 57,9% dari keseluruhan data.Kata kunci: TB paru, merokok

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ABOUT PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS REGARDING PUNISHMENT OF RAPE FOR ACCUSED

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Suba Tvisha N ◽  
PRITISH KRISHNA RAUT ◽  
Kadu Sandeep S
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Rape is a significant social and public health problem that has severe shattering effect on victims, including negative consequences on physical health, mental health, academic performance, and interpersonal and social relationships. It is important to know the perception and opinion of young people about the punishment of rape and increase transparency and one’s participation in the implementation of act. Aim: To spread awareness and portray severity of crime by learning the perception of medical students towards the punishment given for rape accused and to examine dimensionality of rape attitudes and its law in youth. Methods: Data was collected from 100 randomly selected medical students with the help of questionnaire and verbal discussion with them. Results: All the students were in the age group of 18 to 24 years. Only 47% were aware about the exact punishment given for accused. Maximum (75%) participants feel that death should be the ideal punishment and it should be given immediately as soon as the accused is found guilty. Inadequate mentality and lack of sex education are considered as major causes that provoke a person to commit rape. Majority of the cases are not reported because of social stigma and family reputation. Conclusion: Education is the most favored approach to sex related violence in the community. It is important to support every individual, as it plays a vital role in gaining media and government attention, which is a step forward for the betterment of the society, and soon towards the complete eradication of such social and public health issues like rape and sexual assault.

EXPOSURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NOISE POLLUTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF BICHI TOWN, KANO STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Muktar A. Gadanya ◽  
Imrana A. Buhari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Environmental pollution is the most important public health problem densely in populated areas in the developing countries and often the underlying cause of many diseases of public health importance. Noise pollution is an undesirable sound that interferes with wellbeing in the environment with significant effects. With the current rapid growth and technological advancement, noise pollution is increasingly becoming environmental menace that deserves appropriate attention in order to  mitigate its health effects. This paper aims to determine the sources, awareness and health effects of noise pollution in a typical Nigerian sub-urban population. Descriptive cross-sectional study using interviewer administered questionnaire and measurement of environmental noise using acoustic metre. Majority of the respondents (75.8%) were exposed to noise levels above the 55dB WHO safe noise level without health effects. Power generators, automobiles and grinding machines are the commonest sources of noise pollution in the studied environment amounted to a value of 55.8%, 40% and 35.8% respectively and to a lesser extent hawker (16.4%) and loudspeaker (9.6%) among others. Sleep disturbance, headache, and poor concentration were commonly reported effects of noise in the environment with magnitudes of 52.7%, 50.9%, 15.8% respectively. Anxiety (12.1%) and hearing disturbances (11.5%) were also common. Noise pollution associated health problems are common in the community with significant effects on the quality of life of the inhabitants. Stable power supply, effective legislation and improvement in living condition of the people are key to minimize noise pollution and avert its deleterious health effects

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