scholarly journals Burnout and Empathy: A Cross-Sectional Study among Resident Physicians in Public Sector Hospitals of a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza Khalid ◽  
Rafia Ishtiaq ◽  
Laiba Fatima ◽  
Hassaan Ahmed ◽  
Aqsa Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resident Burnout

The main objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of burnout and to identify various socio-demographic factors which are associated with resident burnout. As a secondary objective, we aimed to assess levels of empathy among the residents. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among residents working in Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, and District Headquarter Hospital, all of which are situated in district Rawalpindi of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from January 2019 to April 2019 using a convenient sampling technique. The participants were requested to complete Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure burnout and Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy to measure empathy from January 2019 to April 2019. For data analysis IBM SPSS © version 25.0 was used. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the quantitative variables. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between burnout and categorical variables. Then, those independent variables with p-value < 0.05 were subjected to binary logistic regression to identify predictors of burnout. A P-value of < 0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance and OR with 95% confidence interval was used to indicate the strength of association. Independent sample t-test was used to assess empathy among the groups. The prevalence of burnout in our sample was 78%. The average burnout score of the sample was 81±13.45. Weekly working hours (p-value < 0.05) and the type of specialty (p-value < 0.05) were significantly associated with resident burnout. Residents working more than 80 hours were more prone to develop burnout [AOR 2.700(1.42-5.120)]. Medical residents were found to be at a higher risk of developing burnout as compared to surgical residents [(AOR 2.097(1.16-3.78)]. Residents working less than 80 hours per week had more empathy scores as compared to residents working more than 80 hours and this result was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). However, no significant difference in empathy was found for age, gender, marital status, and posts. Therefore, weekly working hours should be reduced to diminish burnout and increase empathy, thereby, promoting the quality of care being delivered to the patient. Moreover, efforts should be made to reduce burnout in medicine residents so that we may promote the doctor-patient relationship.

scholarly journals Utilization and associated factors of reproductive health services among 20–39-year-old women in rural China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yue ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Si Qin ◽  
Yanting Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The use of reproductive health (RH) services is important to promote RH. However, little is known about RH services in rural areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries. China is the most populous country in the world, and 40.4% of its population is rural. Our study determined the utilization of and factors associated with RH services in rural China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 978 20- to 39-year-old women was performed in four villages of four cities in Hunan Province. A researcher-created structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into EpiData v3.0 and analysed using SPSS v18.0. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided P-value of less than 0.05. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the socio-demographic factors and the use of RH services by the sample population. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between categorical variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors that correlated with the use of RH services. Results The top three services used were antenatal examinations (90.2%), postpartum visits (73.0%) and free folic acid supplements (71.6%). Age, monthly household income, employment, spousal education level, and artificial abortion history were associated with RH service utilization (P < 0.05). The most desired RH service was cervical/breast cancer prevention services (58.9%). The most preferred method participants used to obtain information on RH services was the internet. Conclusions The utilization rate for RH services in rural China needs improvement. Future efforts should target high-risk populations of women by providing them with RH-related information and cultivating positive attitudes towards RH services.

scholarly journals Professional burnout of nursing team working to fight the new coronavirus pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Müller de Magalhães ◽  
Denilse Damasceno Trevilato ◽  
Daiane Dal Pai ◽  
Amanda da Silveira Barbosa ◽  
Natascha Monteiro Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify burnout and associated factors among nursing workers working in coping with COVID-19. Methods: a cross-sectional study, developed in four hospitals in a capital in southern Brazil. Sample (n=499) composed of nurses and nursing technicians/assistants, who answered an online form containing socio-occupational characterization and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed, including multiple comparison tests. Results: burnout was identified in 60 (12%) workers, with no significant difference between hospitals, but with a difference in dimensions between them. In the emotional exhaustion dimension, a higher proportion (52.9%) was found at a moderate level. Prevalence of high level of professional achievement of 95.4% was identified. Conclusion: the presence of burnout was significantly prevalent among nurses and females. It reinforces the need to develop strategies to promote the health of nursing workers, providing improvement in health services and reduction of care and labor risks.

scholarly journals Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in humans involved in a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arithi Mutembei ◽  
Festus K. Mutai ◽  
Damaris Mwololo ◽  
John Muriuki ◽  
Mark Obonyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tana River

AbstractIntroductionLeptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic infection caused by spirochetes of Leptospira genus. Humans get infected through direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals or environment. It accounts for more than 300,000 severe cases annually worldwide with case fatality rates of over 30%. Costs of diagnosis and treatment for human and animals, disruption of international trade of animals and products, reduced productivity and reproductivity in animals constitute economic importance. In Kenya, leptospirosis burden is significant but under-diagnosis and under-reporting affects the awareness of the disease. This study aimed to determine and compare the sero-prevalence and factors associated with Leptospira spp. in the two counties.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study that involved apparently healthy people of at least 5 years of age in randomly selected households in Garissa and Tana River Counties. Blood samples were collected and tested for Leptospira spp antibodies using IgM ELISA. Standardized structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and exposure information. We calculated frequencies and proportions for categorical variables and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate association between sero-positivity and exposure factors. We used Wilcoxon test to evaluate statistical difference in sero-positivity for continuous variables and calculated test statistic (H) and p-value.ResultsA total of 952 subjects were recruited into the study – these included 482 persons from Garissa and 470 from Tana River. The overall sero-prevalence was 26% [(244/952); (CI: 23% to 29%)]. Garissa County had significantly higher Leptospira spp. seroprevalence (31%, n = 147; CI: 27% to 35%) compared to Tana River County (21 %, n = 97; CI: 17% to 25%). Being a female (OR=1.6, CI: 1.2-2.2) and engaging in pastoralism (OR=2.7, CI: 1.8-3.9) were significantly associated with higher odds of Leptospira spp. seropositivity compared to being a male or working in irrigated areas. The mean altitude of residence of sero-positive patients was 73m ± 21 SD (standard deviation) above sea level and that for sero-negative was 80m ± 22 SD (H=35, p-value = 0.00).ConclusionThis study determined the seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira spp. exposure in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya. Females in pastoral communities experience high burden of the disease. Enhanced surveillance in humans and animals and further research is required to understand the complex and multifactorial drivers of leptospirosis transmission in the two Counties.

Colostrum Avoidance Practice among primigavida Mothers in Urban Northwest Ethiopia. A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilksew Ayalew ◽  
Eden Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Childhood Illnesses ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
Strength Of Association

Abstract Background: Breast milk is the ideal and complete form of nutrition for infants colostrum contains all the necessary nutrients for infants’ growth and development and antibodies that can protect from many childhood illnesses. Understanding the extent of and barriers to colostrum avoidance in Ethiopia is important for learning how to best improve optimal breastfeeding. No single study has been conducted on primigavida mothers in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the rate of colostrum avoidance practice and associated factors among primigavida mothers Method: A community- based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2016 among (n=398) randomly selected primigavida mothers in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version25. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of association. Statistical significance was declared at P-value ≤0.05.Results: Out of 398 primipara mothers, 8.8% discarded colostrum. The most common reasons for discarding colostrum were; yellow and creamy (39.2%), bad for infant (35.2%), traditional/cultural reason (17.1%) and infant unable to feed (8.5%).Married mothers (OR=4.52, p<0.05), employed mothers (OR=3.46, p<0.05), mothers underwent normal delivery (OR=5.20, p<0.05) and mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 1 hr. (OR=2.79, p=0.05) were less likely to discard colostrum.Conclusion: The current study revealed that colostrum was discarded by 8.8 % of premiparious mothers. Primipara mothers who were married, unemployed, underwent normal delivery and initiated breastfeeding within one hour were less likely to discard colostrum. These results suggest that multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary approaches are needed to increase optimal breastfeeding among premiparious mothers.

scholarly journals Perinatally acquired HIV-positive status disclosure and associated factors in Dire Dawa and Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: a health facility-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e019554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Merid Mengesha ◽  
Yadeta Dessie ◽  
Aklilu Abrham Roba
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Dire Dawa

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the level and factors associated with caregivers’ disclosure of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) children’s seropositive status.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study in five public health facilities providing HIV treatment and care in Dire Dawa and Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. The data were collected from 310 caregivers through face-to-face interviews and record reviews. Data analyses were done using STATA V.14.2 and statistical significance was declared at p value <0.05.ResultsThe study revealed that the level of PHIV+ diagnosis disclosure was 49.4% (95% CI 43.8 to 54.9). Mean age at disclosure was 11.2 years. Disclosure level was higher among children who frequently asked about their health status (aOR (adjusted OR) 2.04, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.03) and when caregivers knew other people who had a disclosure experience (aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.17 to 5.32). Disclosure level was less among children of 12 years or below (aOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.09) and among caregivers practising deception about the children’s HIV positive status (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.74).ConclusionOnly half of the caregivers disclosed their child’s PHIV+ diagnosis. To facilitate disclosure, caregivers should be counselled about the appropriate age of disclosure and related misconceptions that hinder it. It is also apparent that caregivers need to be guided as to how to address children’s frequent questions about their health status. These interventions can be made in a one-on-one approach or through patient group counselling when they come to get healthcare services.

scholarly journals Harm Perception and Attitudes towards E-cigarette Use Among Qatar University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Kurdi ◽  
Hanan Abdul Rahim ◽  
Ghadir Al-Jayyousi ◽  
Manar Yaseen ◽  
Aetefeh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular worldwide especially among youth. Research reported that university students have poor knowledge and misconceptions about the health risks of e-cigarettes, which may lead students to use them even in populations where prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low. At this age, the influence of peers is also significant. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among Qatar University students using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate analysis of all variables was conducted as well as a bivariate analysis to check the association of e-cigarette use with selected variables. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was found to be 14% where 32% of them were daily users. Approximately 42% of the participants agreed that ‘e-cigarettes are less harmful to health compared to traditional cigarettes, and 45.7% of them agreed that ‘e-cigarettes can prevent smoking traditional cigarettes. The prevalence of e-cigarettes use was 16.2% among males and 12.8% among females, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. Females were more likely to use e-cigarettes because they “don’t smell” (P-value=0.023). The study showed a significant association between e-cigarette use and knowledge items (P-value < 0.05) and having a smoker among siblings or friends. At the multivariate analysis level, only the friends’ effect remained significant after controlling for the other variables (OR= 7.3, P-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our research found that university students have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions in regards to e-cigarettes use, especially among users. Effective smoking prevention policy and educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness among university students about the health effects associated with e-cigarettes use.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Profil Lipid pada Akseptor Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat dengan Implant Levonorgestrel di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Tawar Padang Tahun 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafika Oktova ◽  
Desmiwarti Desmiwarti ◽  
Arni Amir
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstrakDepo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat dan Implant Levonorgestrel merupakan kontrasepsi hormonal progestin sintetik yang memiliki efek samping yaitu peningkatan berat badan dan mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil lipid pada akseptor Depo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat dengan Implant Levonorgestrel. Ini adalah studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional comparative. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Bagian Biokimia Fakultas Universitas Andalas dari Maret sampai Mei 2014. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok, masing-masing 20 subjek. Pemeriksaan dengan metode enzimatis kolorimetri yaitu GPO-PAP untuk trigliserida, dan CHOD-PAP untuk kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dengan nilai p<0.05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Rerata kadar LDL pada Depo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat lebih tinggi (95,51 ± 20,47) mg/dl daripada Implant Levonorgestrel (79,35 ± 12,55) mg/dl dengan nilai p<0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna sedangkan kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total dan HDL tidak bermakna. Kesimpulan penelitian in adalah terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna rerata kadar LDL pada Depo MedroksiprogesteronAsetat dan Implant Levonorgestrel, sedangkan kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total dan HDL tidak bermakna. Secara klinis profil lipid pada kedua kelompok dalam keadaan normal.Kata kunci: profil lipid, depo medroksiprogesteron asetat, implant levonorgestrelAbstractDepo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants are synthetic progestine hormonal contraceptives that have side effect in body weight and lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of lipid profile between acceptors Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants. This was a comparative cross sectional study. The study was done at laboratory of Biochemistry Departement in Medical Faculty of Andalas University from March until May 2014. The subjects were consisted of two groups, each group had 20 subjects. The examination used an enzymatic colorimetric method GPO-PAP for trygliserides and CHOD-PAP for total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Data was analyzed using analysis of t-test with p<0.05 was considered to be significantly different. LDL levels average in Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate was (95,51 ± 20,47) mg/dl and Levonorgestrel Implants was (79,35 ± 12,55) mg/dl with p-value, it means there is a significantly difference, but levels of trygliserides, total cholesterol and HDL means there is no significantly difference. This research concluded that there is a significant difference on average levels of LDL in the Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants but levels of trygliserides, total cholesterol and HDL there is no significantly difference. The clinically lipid profile in the two groups is in normal range.Keywords: lipid profile, depo medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel implants

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Parisa Shojaei ◽  
Azadeh Nazemi ◽  
Atefe Dadashi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

scholarly journals Predictors of low birth weight babies born in tribal tertiary health care setting: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Thakre S. B. ◽  
Thakre S. S. ◽  
Kaware A. C. ◽  
Adikane H.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Setting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: A baby’s weight at birth is a strong indicator of maternal and newborn health and nutrition. Strategies to reduce prevalence of LBW are important in order to achieve the third Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3)-reduce child mortality. With this background the present study was undertaken to estimate proportion of LBW babies born at tribal tertiary health care institution and to find out predictors of the LBW among babies.Methods: The present cross sectional study was undertaken at tertiary health care setting. We restricted analyses to singleton live births, and following an initial descriptive summary of the deliveries, logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association of various factors.Results: Our results show proportion of LBW was 17.84% in babies born at tribal tertiary health care setting. There is no significant difference of LBW in different socio-demographics of the mother. However; significant difference was observed in tribal and non-tribal women and women with low literacy lever; wherein significant predictors were related to utilization of antenatal care (ANC), ICDS services, etc. Statistical significance was ascertained based on a p<0.05.Conclusions: In this study; significant predictors were low maternal education, <4 ANC visits, inadequate consumption iron and folic acid, low hemoglobin percent level, and no additional diet at ICDS during current pregnancy. It has also provided basic information pertinent to quality of ANC care and it influence on LBW. Findings of this study are useful for maternal and child health policy makers, practitioners and those who provide health care during pregnancy

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents at governmental high schools of Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enguday Tirfeneh ◽  
Mengesha Srah
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background depression is one of the most serious and prevalent mental illnesses that can result in serious disability and ending life by committing suicide and homicide. The risks of having depression are substantially higher in persons who have parental neglect when compared to the general population.Objective To detect prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents in governmental high schools at Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019Method A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1-30/2019 at Aksum town high schools. Public health questionnaire was used in this study to detect Depression. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with face to face interview. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to see the association between depression and parental neglect. Adjusted Odds ratio at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was taken to declare statistical significance of variables.

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