scholarly journals Self-Determination: Motivational Profiles of Bachelor’s Degree Seeking Students at an Online, For-Profit University

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Motivational Profile ◽  
Motivational Profiles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student Motivations

Grounded in the self-determination theory, this exploratory quantitative study investigated motivational profiles of bachelor’s degree seeking students at an online, for-profit university.  Cluster analysis revealed two distinct motivational profiles (internally and externally regulated) of 158 students enrolled in a bachelor’s degree program.  The significant differences between the two profiles offers support for the multidimensional nature of motivation as argued by self-determination theory.  A chi-square test of independence revealed a significant association between motivational profile membership and gender.  No associations were found between motivational profile membership and age.  The results offer insights into the motivations of bachelor’s degree seeking students attending an online, for-profit university.  Over two-thirds of the students in this study exhibited high external forms of motivation.  It is recommended practitioners employ methods to increase autonomous forms of motivation in the online, for-profit educational setting.  Understanding student motivations to graduate may help administrators, curriculum designers, and instructors develop focused interventions and best practices that could be used to increase graduation rates.

scholarly journals Self-Determination, Deviance, and Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Shyanna Albrecht ◽  
David Mykota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
John Howard

Deviant behaviours are a significant cost to Canadian society and can incur an immeasurable amount of emotional and physical damage every year (Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, 2018; The John Howard Society of Canada, 2018). There have been numerous studies on the role of risk factors in affecting deviant behaviours, however, few of these have examined the influence of self-determination on deviance (Mann et al., 2010; Murray & Farrington, 2010; Zara & Farrington, 2010). This study intends to fill this gap by investigating the interactions between self-determination, gender, risk factors, and deviance. Participants were invited through the University of Saskatchewan’s PAWS and SONA systems to complete an online survey that asked questions relating to gender, self-determination, risk factors, and deviance. A Chi-square Test for Independence was utilized to explore the explicit relationships between the type of self-determination and gender differences. In addition, a two-way MANOVA was used to compare self-determination and gender together in relation to deviance and risk factors. A Chi-square test found that there was not a significant relationship between gender and self-determination while the two-way MANOVA found a significant interaction effect between self-determination, deviance, and risk factors. However, when the interaction was examined further through univariate ANOVAs, no significant differences were found. Future research that examines and expands on the relationship between self-determination, gender, risk factors and antisocial behavior is suggested.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Witnessing and the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence from the Perspective of Children in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4724
Author(s):  
Johanna Hietamäki ◽  
Marjukka Huttunen ◽  
Marita Husso
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Child Victim ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Variations

Background—Intimate partner violence (IPV) has both direct and longer-term effects on children’s well-being. Much of the research thus far has relied on caregiver reports of IPV and clinical samples of children. By contrast, minimal research has examined violence between parents from the perspective of children using nationwide samples. Objective—This study explored the frequency of IPV witnessed by children and gender variations regarding the victims, perpetrators, and witnesses. Methods—The data were derived from a sample of 11,364 children from the Finnish Child Victim Survey 2013. The children were between 11 and 17 years old and were enrolled in the Finnish school system. The main methods of analysis included crosstabulation and the chi-square test. Results—The results indicate that children witnessed more IPV against their mother (4.9%) than their father (3.5%). Girls reported having witnessed more violence against both their mother (7.0%) and father (5.1%) than boys did (mothers 2.7%, fathers 1.8%). Girls’ reports of IPV against both parents were twice or more than twice as common as boys’ reports. Conclusions—The above differences might result from gendered expectations and boys’ and girls’ different relationships to violence, as well as differences in the recognition and interpretation of violent incidents. Therefore, practitioners should adopt a gender-sensitive approach as a precondition and practice for working with children in social and health care.

scholarly journals Self‐Assessment Quiz Taking Behaviour Analysis in an Online Course

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Ozarslan ◽  
Ozlem Ozan
Keyword(s):  
Online Course ◽  
Distance Learners ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Learner Profile ◽  
Exam Scores ◽  
And Gender

AbstractSelf-assessment is vital for online learning since it is one of the most essential skills of distance learners. In this respect, the purpose of this study was to understand learners’ self-assessment quiz taking behaviours in an undergraduate level online course. We tried to figure out whether there is a relation between self-assessment quiz taking behaviours and final exam scores or not. In addition, we investigated how self-assessment quiz taking behaviour differs with respect to learner profile. In line with this purpose, 677 students’ 6092 test events across Project Culture course on Sakai CLE LMS were analyzed. For the analysis of the quantitative data, one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square test of independence, independent-samples t-test and descriptive statistics were utilized. The results revealed that learners who attended self-assessment quizzes regularly had higher final exam scores than others who did not attend those quizzes. Also, they were more satisfied with the course than others study field. In addition, learners who attended selfassessment quizzes regularly had a higher degree of perceived learning. However, number of attempts to those quizzes does not have an effect on final exam scores. On the other hand, a statistically significant relationship was found between attempt number and gender in favour of female learners.

scholarly journals Motivaciones para la práctica deportiva en escolares federados y no federados (Motivations for practicing sports in federate and non-federate students)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Manuel Isorna Folgar ◽  
Antonio Rial Boubeta ◽  
Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Men Students ◽  
External Regulation ◽  
Motivational Profile ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Identified Regulation

En este artículo se analiza el perfil motivacional hacia la práctica de ejercicio físico entre los escolares de varios centros educativos a través de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación de Deci y Ryan, diferenciando los resultados en función del sexo, el modo de la práctica deportiva (federado vs. no federado) y el deporte practicado; así como conocer la influencia de la implantación de una unidad de iniciación en el ámbito escolar en la práctica de este deporte en horario extracurricular. Un total de 306 alumnos/as de 5º de primaria a 4º de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años, los cuales pertenecían a centros educativos en los cuales se había dado una unidad didáctica de iniciación al piragüismo, completaron la versión en castellano del BREQ-2. Los resultados mostraron que sólo el 57.2% de los sujetos practicaban deporte federado, siendo la mayoría de ellos hombres. Se ha encontrado que los estudiantes tenían puntuaciones altas en motivación intrínseca, moderadas en regulación identificada y regulación introyectada, bajas en regulación externa y muy bajas en desmotivación, mostrando quienes practican deporte federado unos niveles más altos de motivación intrínseca y la regulación identificada que los que hacían deporte no federado. Los hombres mostraron una mayor motivación intrínseca que las mujeres. No se encontraron diferencias en función de la modalidad deportiva practicada. El fútbol fue el deporte más practicado, seguido del piragüismo y el baloncesto.Palabras clave: deporte, deporte federado, adolescentes, autodeterminación, ejercicio físico, piragüismo.Abstract: This paper analyzes the motivational profile in physical exercise among students from various schools with the Deci & Ryan’ self-determination theory. The results were divided according to sex, mode of sport (federated vs non-federated) and the sport modality, as well as know the influence of the implantation of an initiation unit in the school in the practice of this sport in extracurricular schedule. A total of 306 male / female students from Elementary 5th to 4º ESO, with ages between 9 and 16, who belonged to schools in which there had been teaching a didactical unit of initiation to canoeing, completed the Spanish version of the BREQ-2. The results showed only a 57.2% of the students did federate sport, most of them being men. Students had high scores in intrinsic motivation, moderate scores in identified regulation and introjected regulation, low scores in external regulation, and very low scores in demotivation. Federated sport practitioners showing higher levels of intrinsic motivation and identified regulation than those who did not federated sport. Men showed greater intrinsic motivation than women. No differences were found depending on the sport modality practiced. Football is the most popular sport, followed by canoeing and basketball.Key words: sport, federated sport, teenagers, self-determination, physical exercise, canoeing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microdontia among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microdontia among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, (JSMU) from January-2020 to May-2020. Pre-treatment casts were taken of 140 subjects. The mesiodistal dimension of each tooth was recorded through the vernier caliper. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the presence of microdontia. The test applied was Pearson’s Chi-square test to assess the relationship between microdontia and variables like age and gender. P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 140 subjects were selected i.e. 105 (75%) females and 35 (25%) males aged range 13 -30 years with mean age 18.29 ± 3.88. Out of 42, single tooth microdontia was found in 3 (7.1%), more than one tooth microdontia, and generalized microdontia was present in 36 (85.7%) and 3 (7.1%) respectively. Microdontia was found to be more common in the maxilla (n=42, 100%) than the mandible (n=14, 33.3%). It was found more common in females (n=37, 35.2%) as compared to males (n=5, 14.3%). Statistically significant relationship was found among gender and prevalence of microdontia (p=0.019) with a statistically insignificant relationship between age and presence of microdontia (p=0.228). Conclusions: Microdontia was found to be a frequent dental anomaly, was more common in maxilla and females with a significant association with gender.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Factors on the Oral Health Status of Smoking and Nonsmoking Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Saleem Tubaishat ◽  
Zain A Malkawi ◽  
Zakereyya S Albashaireh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Covering Letter ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Emotional Effects

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study to determine the influence of smoking on self-reported oral health status among university students. Materials and methods Voluntary sample of 669 adults of 18 to 26 years old were invited to participate in the study. They were asked to read a self-designated questionnaire and a covering letter which explained the purpose of the study. The questionnaire addressed self-reported demographics, oral hygiene and smoking habits; knowledge about smoking and its effects on oral health. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test to determine statistically significant differences across the oral health status. Results The sample included 340 (56.7%) males and 240 (43.3%) females; 56.8% of the subjects were nonsmokers; 43.2% were current smokers, and 17.5% smoke argileh. Almost 24.7% of subjects started smoking because of emotional effects; 66.9% did not smoke because of its harm to health. The percentage of subjects with dental plaque on their teeth was 27.1%, and with calculus was 27.9%, and with stains was 26.9%. About 35.5% of the subjects brushed their teeth once daily. Statistically, significant association was proven between smoking and gender (p < 0.01); and smoking and halitosis (p < 0.01). Conclusion Smoking is significantly related to esthetics, calculus, tooth stains, halitosis, gingival bleeding, and gender with p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p = 0.05, and p < 0.01 respectively. How to cite this article Tubaishat RS, Malkawi ZA, Albashaireh ZS. The Influence of Different Factors on the Oral Health Status of Smoking and Nonsmoking Adults. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):731-737.

Meaningful Individual Differences in Statistics Cognition

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-234
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Motivational Profiles ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter focuses on the understanding and use of individual differences in statistics cognition. We argue that individual differences can be classified along a continuum ranging from within an individual (internally derived) to an outside source (externally prescribed), and that where an individual differences falls on the continuum may have important implications for how individual differences are used to describe, control for, predict, or explain findings in scholarly research. We argue that individual differences are more useful when they meaningfully pertain to cognitive development, and outline how motivation (using goal orientation and self-determination theory) can be used as an individual difference. We conclude with a discussion of aligning motivational goals and how online courses could adapt themselves to student motivational profiles.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN WESTERN IRAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Kheirandish ◽  
Mohammad Javad Tarahi ◽  
Behrouz Ezatpour
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Parasitic infection is one of the problems that affect human health, especially in developing countries. In this study, all of the fast food shops, restaurants, and roast meat outlets of Khorramabad (Western Iran) and all the staff employed by them, some 210 people, were selected through a census and their stools were examined for the presence of parasites. The parasitological tests of direct wet-mount, Lugol's iodine staining, formaldehyde-ether sedimentation and Trichrome staining techniques were performed on the samples. The data was analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression was selected as the analytical model. The results showed 19 (9%) stool specimens were positive for different intestinal parasites. These intestinal parasites included Giardia lamblia2.9%, Entamoeba coli 4.3%, Blastocystis sp. 1.4%, and Hymenolepis nana 0.5%. There was a significant difference between the presence of a valid health card, awareness of transmission of intestinal parasites, participation in training courses in environmental health with intestinal parasites (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the rate of literacy and gender among patients infected with intestinal parasites (p > 0.05). To control parasitic infection in food handlers, several strategies are recommended such as stool examinations every three months, public education, application of health regulations, controlling the validity of health cards and training on parasitic infection transmission. In this regard, the findings of the present study can be used as a basis to develop preventive programs targeting food handlers because the spread of disease via them is a common problem worldwide.

scholarly journals Association between voice disorder and breathing alteration in children

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Cristiane Marangom ◽  
Viviani Souza Peruchi ◽  
Marta Assumpção de Andrada e Silva ◽  
Irene Queiroz Marchesan ◽  
Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Voice Quality ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breathing Mode ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nasal Flow ◽  
The Voice

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between voice disorder and aspects related to breathing mode in children, according to sex. Methods: 250 children, aged six to nine years, attending a public school in São Paulo city, were selected. The collection consisted of spontaneously audio recorded speech samples. The breathing mode was evaluated for lip resting posture and nasal flow. Three audiologists performed the perceptual evaluation of the voice quality, with the help of GIRBAS scale. The results were associated using the chi-square test (p = 0.05). Results: 50.4% females and 49.6% males. As for the overall grade (G), 12.8% had voice disorder with respect to voice quality. In the breathing mode, 36.8% presented alterations in lip posture and 71.2%, in nasal flow. The associations between voice disorder and gender (p = 0.96), lip posture (p = 0.38) and nasal flow (p = 0.18) and between alterations in the nasal flow and sex (p = 0.449) were not confirmed. The association between lip posture and sex revealed significant differences in favor of males (p = 0.003). Conclusion: there was no statistically significant difference associating voice disorders with breathing mode (lip posture and nasal flow) and gender.

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