scholarly journals 3D-modeling of an experimenal wound channel caused by a piercing-cutting object with bilateral blade grinding

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kyshkan ◽  
Ivan Savka
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Forensic Practice

The research deals with the possibility to use up-to-date methods of 3D-modeling for diagnostics of piercing-cutting objects causing injuries with bilateral blade grinding. A virtual element of the wound channel is shown to be printed on 3D-printer and given to investigating bodies in order to increase the effective and objective search of a traumatic instrument.  Aim of the work. To apply the method of photogrammetry with further 3D-modeling of the wound channel formed by a piercing-cutting object with bilateral blade grinding for further examination of its morphological peculiarities and receiving its linear size with high accuracy in the space of graphics editor «3DsMax». Materials and methods. Fifteen experimental wound channels were made by means of alginate impression mass with rubber-like effect «Hydrogum 5» (firm «Zhermack», Italy), which becomes hard rapidly, remains elastic after polymerization, allows impresses to be obtained with an extremely smooth surface, most accurately preserves and reproduces characteristics of an immersed blade of the knife examined. To make experimental injury a piercing-cutting object was used – a knife with bilateral grinding of the blade 6,16 cm long, 2,6 cm wide in the base of the blade, and the blade in its middle part 0,3 cm thick. These sizes of the piercing-cutting instrument were obtained by means of sliding calipers with the error ±0,03-0,15 cm. The wound channel obtained was divided into fragments with a pitch about 3,5 cm. Every fragment of the wound channel was contrasted with a dye using 1 % brilliant green alcohol solution. All the fragments of the wound channel were opened parallel to its length and were placed on a rotary table located in a light cube to provide adequate illumination and photos were taken.  The digital camera SONY RX 10 II was used for shooting. The object of shooting was labeled with a number, a fragment of a plotting scale 1,0 cm long was placed on it to calibrate the scale and control the sizes of the object examined in computer programs. The photos obtained in JPEG format were loaded into the computer program «Agisoft Photoscan», and 3D-textured models of a wound channel fragment were created in it. The model obtained and the texture was exported in «OBJ» format. The next stage of the work was to transfer 3D-models obtained into the graphic space of «3DsMax» program, where the scale of the model was calibrated. After that the wound channel was reconstructed in the graphics editor by means of 3D models of the wound channel fragments. Results. To compare differences between classical and new methods of examination at first linear dimensions of injuries were measured by means of a ruler. The depth of the wound channel was obtained consisting of two fragments according to the method of measuring the wound channel depth in the dead body by means of joining of its separate parts due to immersion and passing the blade in the victim’s body (in the skin, subcutaneous tissue with muscles, in the wall of the cavity and inside of it, in the internal organ and other anatomical structures). The width and length of the wound channel on various levels of immersion were registered in the similar way, which is an important diagnostic component during forensic expertise in case of piercing-cutting injuries. The next stage in our research was to examine and get linear dimensions of injuries by means of up-to-date technologies using 3D-models with the help of the graphics editor «3DsMax». In this case the computer program enabled to get the above results with a higher accuracy to 0.001 cm. Conclusions. The results obtained are indicative of high information value of the three dimensional methods to identify a traumatic piercing-cutting object by means of a spatial reconstruction of the wound channel fragments, which provides high accuracy in solving applied tasks in modern forensic practice and criminal law science. The method with the use of the graphics editor «3ds max» allows retrospective diagnostics of the wound channel fragments to be obtained followed by further comparison with an expected traumatic object.

scholarly journals 3D MODELING OF EXPERIMENTAL WOUND CANAL CAUSED BY STABCUTTING TOOL WITH ONE-SIDED SHARPENING OF THE BLADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Ya. Kyshkan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Graphic Editor

The aim – to carry out 3D modelling of the wound canal formed by a stab-cuttingtool with one-sided sharpening of the blade, using photogrammetry method for furtherinvestigation of its morphological peculiarities and obtaining linear dimensions withhigh accuracy in the space of the graphic editor "3ds Max".Material and methods. Fifteen experimental wound canals were reconstructedby means of an alginate imprinting mass with a rubber-like effect "Hydrogum 5"(Zhermack, Italy), which hardens quickly, remains elastic after polymerization, allowsto obtain imprints with an extremely smooth surface andmost accurately preserves andreproduces the properties of the immersed in it blade of the knife under study. Astabcutting tool - a knife with one-sided sharpening of the blade, blade length - 9.6 cm,width in the place of the greatest blade thickening - 2.6 cm, butt thickness - 0.24 cmwas used to mark experimental damage. Given dimensions of the stab- cutting toolwere obtained by means of sliding caliper with an error of ± 0.03-0.15 cm. The formedwound canal was divided into fragments with a step of about 3.5 cm. Each fragmentof the wound canal was contrasted with dye (1% alcohol solution of diamond green).These fragments of the wound canal were opened parallel to its length and placed on arotating table, which was located in a light cube to provide sufficient illumination andphotography was performed. A SONY RX 10 II digital camera was used for taking aphotograph. The index number and a fragment of a scale ruler 1.0 cm long were placedon the object for further calibration of the scale and control of the dimensions of theobject under study in computer programs. The photos obtained in JPEG format wereloaded to the computer program "Agisoft Photoscan", where 3D textured models of thewound canal fragment were created. The obtained model and texture were exportedin OBJ format. Then the obtained 3D models were moved to the graphic space of theprogram "3ds max" to calibrate the scale of the model and in the graphic editor thereconstruction of the wound canal was carried by means of 3D models of its fragments.Results. Measurements of the linear dimentions of damages were carried out at firstby a classical method (by means of a ruler). In addition to, that the depth of the woundcanal, which consists of three fragments, was obtained according to the method ofmeasuring the depth of the wound canal in the body of the corpse by putting togetherits seperate parts in accordance with immersion and permeability of the blade in thevictim's body (skin, subcutaneous muscle tissue, cavity wall and in it itself, the internalorgan and other anatomical formations). Similarly, the width of the wound canal andthe distance between the corners from the side of the butt, which illustrate the thicknessof the blade of the cutting edge and the length of its separate fragments, which in itsturn reproduce the parameters of the blade of an acute traumatic object, were fixed at different levels of immersion.The next stage of our work was to study and obtain the linear dimensions of 3Dmodels’damage by means of a graphic editor "3ds max". In this case, the mentionedcomputer program allowed to obtain the dimensions, described by us,already by anorder with higher accuracy (up to 0.001 cm).The results, obtained by us in the experiment, allow to assert about the high accuracyof measurements, carried out using a computer program for 3D modeling "3ds Max".When combining the obtained linear dimensions of the damage with increased accuracyand the possibility to conduct retrospective diagnosis of the most specific part of thewound canal, formed by the blade belly, the level of accuracy and visualization of thecarried out forensic medical examination is significantly increased.Conclusions. The results, obtained by photogrammetry and 3D modeling of the woundcanal, make it possible to assert the increased accuracy of investigations of individualmorphological characteristics of the lesions and allow to conduct retrospectiveidentification of fragments of the wound canal with the instrument of injury. In additionto that, forensic medical experts receive a modern objective tool for the selection andidentification of the used stab- cutting tool among those provided for examination byjudicial investigation organs. The introduction of the modern methods of 3D modelinginto forensic medical and medical-criminal practice allows to improve the accuracyand visualization of the carrying out examinations and brings them to a new higherlevel.

Three-Dimensional Modelling for Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
pp. 418-443
Author(s):  
Luis Marques ◽  
Josep Roca
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The City ◽  
Model Visualization

The creation of 3D models of urban elements is extremely relevant for urbanists constituting digital archives and being especially useful for enriching maps and databases or reconstructing and analyzing objects/areas through time, building/recreating scenarios and implementing intuitive methods of interaction. The widespread data available online offer new opportunities to generate realistic 3D models without the need to go physically to the place. This chapter aims to demonstrate the potential 3D modeling and visualization/interaction of urban elements in the city for multiple purposes, and it is organized in four main topics: The first deals with the theoretical framework regarding the bases of the human perception of the spatial environment and the importance of 3D modelling. The second and third deal with technical procedures on terrestrial/aerial data acquisition and demonstrate alternatively data gathered online to generate 3D models for the visualization of urban elements of the city, and the fourth introduces 3D model visualization within an augmented reality environment.

Application of laser scanning technology for modelling real estate objects in 3D cadastre

2018 ◽  
Vol 939 (9) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
M.A. Altyntsev ◽  
A.V. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
3D Cadastre

The authors present the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the use of laser scanning technology for the 3D-modeling of real estate objects in the cadastre. The result of the theoretical part of the research was a set of parameters for 3D modeling of real estate objects influencing the choice of the scanning method (ground, air or mobile), which showed that when creating separate 3D models of real estate objects (buildings, structures, premises and objects of unfinished construction) the method of ground-based laser scanning should be used. Based on the theoretical part, an experiment on 3D-modeling of a typical real estate object (building) was performed on the basis of data obtained with the method of ground- based laser scanning. The model of the real estate object was built with various degrees of detail to demonstrate its accuracy characteristics, depending on the distance from the scanner stations, the use of photographic materials, etc. The results of the experimental part of the studies show that the model obtained is in full conformity with the current requirements of the legislation in the field of cadastre. The proposed solution can be used as a methodological basis for constructing three-dimensional models in the transition of the Russian Federation to a 3D-cadastre system.

High Resolution "DIY" Photogrammetry - 'HRP' Protocol v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Tang ◽  
Jacopo Niccolo Cerasoni ◽  
Emily Yuko Hallett
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Photogrammetry is a method of calculating the three-dimensional shape of an object from a set of images. The advantages of Photogrammetry include the ability to record the shape of an object in a short time and with high accuracy without contact. In addition, the generated model can be displayed without textures. Here, the High Resolution Photogrammetry method is presented, which describes the use of photogrammetric techniques to take pictures and generate models. This method aims to give a comprehensive and extensive description for the development of high resolution 3D models, merging the well known techniques used in academic and computer graphic fields, allowing anyone to independently produce high resolution and quantifiable models for any need.

scholarly journals AR Based App for Tourist Attraction in ESKİ ÇARŞI (Safranbolu)

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W1 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Merve Polat ◽  
İsmail Rakıp Karaş ◽  
İdris Kahraman ◽  
Behnam Alizadehashrafi
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
Text Information

This research is dealing with 3D modeling of historical and heritage landmarks of Safranbolu that are registered by UNESCO. This is an Augmented Reality (AR) based project in order to trigger virtual three-dimensional (3D) models, cultural music, historical photos, artistic features and animated text information. The aim is to propose a GIS-based approach with these features and add to the system as attribute data in a relational database. The database will be available in an AR-based application to provide information for the tourists.

scholarly journals PREOPERATIVE 3D MODELING AND PRINTING FOR GUIDING PERIACETABULAR OSTEOTOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0002
Author(s):  
Trevor J. Shelton ◽  
Monazzam Shafagh ◽  
Arash Calafi ◽  
Holly B. Leshikar ◽  
Brian M. Haus
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Periacetabular Osteotomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Femoral Osteotomy ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Edge Angle ◽  
Center Edge ◽  
Center Edge Angle

Background: Achieving adequate acetabular correction in multiple planes is essential to the success of Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO). Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing has the potential to improve preoperative planning by accurately guiding intraoperative correction. Hypothesis/Purpose: We, therefore, asked the following questions: 1) For a patient undergoing a PAO, does 3D-modeling with intraoperative 3D-printed models create a reproducible surgical plan to obtain predetermined parameters of correction including lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), anterior center-edge angle (ACEA), Tonnis angle, and femoral head extrusion index (FHEI), 2) Can 3D computer modeling accurately predict when a normalized FHEI can be achieved without the need for a concomitant femoral sided osteotomy? Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on forty-two (42) consecutive patients that underwent a PAO. 3D-modeling software was utilized to simulate a PAO in order to achieve normal LCEA, ACEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI. If adequate FHEI was not achieved, a femoral osteotomy was simulated. 3D-models were printed as intraoperative guides. Preoperative, simulated, and postoperative ACEA, LCEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI were measured and compared statistically. Results: 40 patients had a traditional PAO, and 2 had an anteverting-PAO. The simulated LCEA, ACEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI were within a median difference of 3º, 1º, 1°, and 0% of postoperative values, respectively and showed no statistical difference. Of those that had a traditional PAO, all thirty-four (34) patients were correctly predicted to need a traditional acetabular sided correction alone and the other six (6) were correctly predicted to need a concomitant femoral osteotomy for a correct prediction in 100% of patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in PAO, 3D-modeling and printing allow the surgeon to accurately create a reproducible surgical plan to obtain predetermined postoperative hip coverage parameters. This new technology has the potential to improve preoperative/intra-operative decision making for hip dysplasia and other complex disorders of the hip.

scholarly journals Simplified three-dimensional model provides anatomical insights in lizards' caudal autotomy as printed illustration

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANA D.C.G. DE AMORIM ◽  
ISADORA TRAVNIK ◽  
BERNADETE M. DE SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Caudal Autotomy

Lizards' caudal autotomy is a complex and vastly employed antipredator mechanism, with thorough anatomic adaptations involved. Due to its diminished size and intricate structures, vertebral anatomy is hard to be clearly conveyed to students and researchers of other areas. Three-dimensional models are prodigious tools in unveiling anatomical nuances. Some of the techniques used to create them can produce irregular and complicated forms, which despite being very accurate, lack didactical uniformity and simplicity. Since both are considered fundamental characteristics for comprehension, a simplified model could be the key to improve learning. The model here presented depicts the caudal osteology of Tropidurus itambere, and was designed to be concise, in order to be easily assimilated, yet complete, not to compromise the informative aspect. The creation process requires only basic skills in manipulating polygons in 3D modeling softwares, in addition to the appropriate knowledge of the structure to be modeled. As reference for the modeling, we used microscopic observation and a photograph database of the caudal structures. This way, no advanced laboratory equipment was needed and all biological materials were preserved for future research. Therefore, we propose a wider usage of simplified 3D models both in the classroom and as illustrations for scientific publications.

scholarly journals Introduction of All-Around 3D Modeling Methods for Investigation of Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Nobuo Kochi ◽  
Sachiko Isobe ◽  
Atsushi Hayashi ◽  
Kunihiro Kodama ◽  
Takanari Tanabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
3D Data ◽  
System Composition ◽  
Model Failure

Digital image phenotyping has become popular in plant research. Plants are complex in shape, and occlusion can often occur. Three-dimensional (3D) data are expected to measure the morphological traits of plants with higher accuracy. Plants have organs with flat and/or narrow shapes and similar component structures are repeated. Therefore, it is difficult to construct an accurate 3D model by applying methods developed for industrial materials and architecture. Here, we review noncontact and all-around 3D modeling and configuration of camera systems to measure the morphological traits of plants in terms of system composition, accuracy, cost, and usability. Typical noncontact 3D measurement methods can be roughly classified into active and passive methods. We describe their advantages and disadvantages. Structure-from-motion/multi-view stereo (SfM/MVS), a passive method, is the most frequently used measurement method for plants. It is described in terms of “forward intersection” and “backward resection.” We recently developed a novel SfM/MVS approach by mixing the forward and backward methods, and we provide a brief overview of our approach in this paper. While various fields are adopting 3D model construction, nonexpert users struggle to use them and end up selecting inadequate methods, which lead to model failure. We hope that this review will help users who are considering starting to construct and measure 3D models.

scholarly journals MERGING PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND AUGMENTED REALITY: THE CANADIAN LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Carrión-Ruiz ◽  
S. Blanco-Pons ◽  
A. Weigert ◽  
S. Fai ◽  
J. L. Lerma
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Real World ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Panoramic Images

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) technology has experienced considerable progress and the combination of AR and 3D modeling opens up new opportunities regarding 3D data visualization and interaction. Consequently, the dissemination of cultural heritage can benefit from these technologies in order to display the cultural assets as realistically and interactively as possible. In this way, high-accuracy 3D models are integrated in the real world.</p><p>Nevertheless, progress has also still been limited due to several factors. The paper presents a case study based on the recreation of the Queen Victoria sculpture in an AR application. Furthermore, the environment of the sculpture is simulated by panoramic images, inside the Library of Parliament in Ottawa, Canada. The main problems for the development of an AR smartphone application from panoramic images and photogrammetric 3D data are described in this paper. The characteristics of AR systems are explained in detail, analyzing all the steps involved and the available solutions considered.</p>

scholarly journals Estimation of minimum volume of bounding box for geometrical metrology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Petr Chelishchev ◽  
Knut Sørby
Keyword(s):  
Convex Polyhedron ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
Measuring Machine

This paper presents algorithms for estimating the minimum volume bounding box based on a three-dimensional point set measured by a coordinate measuring machine. A new algorithm, which calculates the minimum volume with high accuracy and reduced number of computations, is developed. The algorithm is based on the convex hull operation and established theories about a minimum bounding box circumscribing a convex polyhedron. The new algorithm includes a pre-processing operation that removes convex polyhedron faces located near the edges of the measured object. As showed in the paper, the solution of the minimum bonding box is not based on faces located near the edges; therefore, we can save computation time by excluding them from the convex polyhedron data set. The algorithms have been demonstrated on physical objects measured by a coordinate measuring machine, and on theoretical 3D models. The results show that the algorithm can be used when high accuracy is required, for example in calibration of reference standards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document