scholarly journals Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in a Canadian First Nation population

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Bruce ◽  
ND Riediger ◽  
JM Zacharias ◽  
TK Young
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Introduction Rates of obesity are higher among Canada's Aboriginal First Nations populations than among non-First Nations populations. We studied obesity and obesity-related illness in a Manitoba First Nation community. Methods We conducted a screening study of diabetes and diabetes complications in 2003, from which we drew a representative sample of Manitoba First Nation adults (N = 483). We assessed chronic disease and chronic disease risk factors. Results Prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities was higher among women than men. By using multivariate analysis, we found that factors significantly associated with obesity among women were diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and employment status. Among men, factors were age, apolipoprotein A1 level, apolipoprotein B level, and insulin resistance. Seventy-five percent of study participants had at least 1 of the following conditions: obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes. Comorbidity was high even among the youngest age groups; 22% of men and 43% of women aged 18 to 29 had 2 or more chronic conditions. Twenty-two percent of participants had undiagnosed hypertension. Participants with undiagnosed hypertension had significantly more chronic conditions and were more likely to have microalbuminuria than were those without hypertension. The number of chronic conditions was not significantly different for participants with newly diagnosed hypertension than for those with previously diagnosed hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and other chronic conditions in the study community is high, especially considering the number of young people. Community-based interventions are being undertaken to reduce the excessive rate of illness.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk according to plasma apolipoprotein and lipid profiles in a Canadian First Nation

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ND Riediger ◽  
SG Bruce ◽  
TK Young
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Future Research

Introduction Despite high diabetes rates among Canadian First Nations people, little is known about their cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to describe the apolipoprotein profile with respect to cardiovascular risk in a Canadian First Nation community. Methods In 2003, a representative sample of adult members of a Manitoba First Nation (N = 483) participated in a screening study for diabetes and diabetes complications. We assessed their cardiovascular risk factors. Results Sixty percent of women were at increased cardiovascular risk because of low apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) levels, compared with 35% of men. The proportion of women with low apoA1 levels decreased with age, but the proportion with low high-density lipoprotein levels remained stable across age groups. Both apoB and apoA1 were significantly associated with obesity when age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, homocysteine, diabetes, and insulin resistance were controlled for. Conclusion Apolipoprotein and lipid profiles in this First Nation population suggest high cardiovascular risk. Future research should characterize the lipoprotein particle size in this population.

scholarly journals PROMOTING SUCCESSFUL CHRONIC DISEASE SELF-MANAGEMENT THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S68-S69
Author(s):  
Tiffany R Washington ◽  
Laura N Gitlin ◽  
Matthew L Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Interventions

Abstract Persistent chronic conditions are among the top leading causes of death in the U.S. The majority of older adults live with two or more chronic conditions. When poorly managed, chronic conditions can result in negative psychosocial and health outcomes such as low quality of life, diminished mood, workforce withdrawal, high healthcare utilization, and disability. Fortunately, chronic disease self-management interventions show promise in reducing the negative impact of chronic conditions on health status. This symposium will highlight formative work and recent findings of community-based interventions that promote successful self-management. To start, presenter one will describe findings from four studies that constitute the formative work necessary to inform implementation of self-management interventions in community and healthcare settings. Next, presenter two will report findings from an effectiveness trial of a technology-based intervention to support hypertension self-management. Then, presenter three will describe findings on the feasibility of a Health Passport tool to promote self-health management among individuals with physical limitations. Finally, presenter four will describe factors affecting attendance among African Americans with arthritis who participated in a national dissemination of Chronic Disease Self-Management Education programs. Collectively, these presentations will provide practical evidence and science-based recommendations for ways to increase successful chronic disease self-management and ultimately improve population health among older adults.

scholarly journals Chronic disease and chronic disease risk factors among First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations of northern Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Bruce ◽  
ND Riediger ◽  
LM Lix
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Aboriginal populations in northern Canada are experiencing rapid changes in their environments, which may negatively impact on health status. The purpose of our study was to compare chronic conditions and risk factors in northern Aboriginal populations, including First Nations (FN), Inuit and Métis populations, and northern non-Aboriginal populations. Methods Data were from the Canadian Community Health Survey for the period from 2005 to 2008. Weighted multiple logistic regression models tested the association between ethnic groups and health outcomes. Model covariates were age, sex, territory of residence, education and income. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported and a bootstrap method calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p values. Results Odds of having at least one chronic condition was significantly lower for the Inuit (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43–0.81) than for non-Aboriginal population, but similar among FN, Métis and non-Aboriginal populations. Prevalence of many risk factors was significantly different for Inuit, FN and Métis populations. Conclusion Aboriginal populations in Canada's north have heterogeneous health status. Continued chronic disease and risk factor surveillance will be important to monitor changes over time and to evaluate the impact of public health interventions.

scholarly journals Poorer Diet Quality Observed Among US Adults With a Greater Number of Clinical Chronic Disease Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272094589
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Fanelli ◽  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Janell L. Pisegna ◽  
Owen J. Kelly ◽  
Jessica L. Krok-Schoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Total Score Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Obesity and chronic disease risk are significantly related to healthy lifestyle behavior, including dietary intakes. Further, the interrelated etiology of many chronic conditions supports the comorbidity in US adults to manage multiple diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to assess diet quality across varying numbers of existing conditions, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data from 17 356 adults aged 45 years and older from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed for the presence of overweight or obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2), hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin >5.7%), hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), and high blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg). Overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores computed from the intakes reported during the 24-hour dietary recall collected in the mobile examination center. The total score (range 0-100) is based on the sum of 13 subscales that represent concordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Results Few adults presented with no markers of chronic disease (n = 407), with other presenting 1 indicator (n = 1978), 2 indicators (n = 4614), 3 indicators (n = 6319), and all 4 indicators (4038). While there was no significant difference in mean energy intakes on the day of intake, those with all 4 markers of chronic disease had a significantly poorer diet quality ( P < .001) and consumed significantly more saturated fat ( P = .026), but significantly less total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and added sugars ( P < .005). While mean consumption of protein was lowest in those with more chronic conditions, the differences were not significant. Conclusion Overall dietary intakes from the day of intake indicated that those with a greater number of chronic conditions presented with poorer overall dietary intakes. The foundational intervention strategy across all evidence-based treatment strategies is the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Physician Advice to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Friedman ◽  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Dan E. Peterson ◽  
Joan C. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Physician Advice

scholarly journals Drinking Water Consumption Patterns: An Exploration of Risk Perception and Governance in Two First Nations Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6851
Author(s):  
Neal Spicer ◽  
Brenda Parlee ◽  
Molly Chisaakay ◽  
Doug Lamalice
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Individual Risk

Many Indigenous communities across Canada suffer from the lack of access to clean drinking water; ensuring individuals and communities have safe water to drink either from their home or from their local environment requires the consideration of multiple factors including individual risk perception. In collaboration with local leaders, semi-structured interviews (n = 99) were conducted over a two-year period in the Dene Tha’ First Nation and Kátł’odeeche First Nation to unpack the issue of risk perception and its meaning to local community members. These local metrics of risk perception including smell, taste, safety, health fears and level of concern were then used to explore patterns in other data on drinking water consumption patterns and bottled water use. The results are consistent with previous research related to water insecurity and indicate that both communities consume more bottled water than the average Canadian. Results also varied by jurisdiction; those in Alberta indicated much higher levels of concern and a greater degree of bottled water consumption.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an eHealth self-management tool for older adults with multimorbidity (KeepWell): protocol for a hybrid effectiveness–implementation randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e048350
Author(s):  
Monika Kastner ◽  
Julie Makarski ◽  
Leigh Hayden ◽  
Jemila S Hamid ◽  
Jayna Holroyd-Leduc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionIn response to the burden of chronic disease among older adults, different chronic disease self-management tools have been created to optimise disease management. However, these seldom consider all aspects of disease management are not usually developed specifically for seniors or created for sustained use and are primarily focused on a single disease. We created an eHealth self-management application called ‘KeepWell’ that supports seniors with complex care needs in their homes. It incorporates the care for two or more chronic conditions from among the most prevalent high-burden chronic diseases.Methods and analysisWe will evaluate the effectiveness, cost and uptake of KeepWell in a 6-month, pragmatic, hybrid effectiveness–implementation randomised controlled trial. Older adults age ≥65 years with one or more chronic conditions who are English speaking are able to consent and have access to a computer or tablet device, internet and an email address will be eligible. All consenting participants will be randomly assigned to KeepWell or control. The allocation sequence will be determined using a random number generator.Primary outcome is perceived self-efficacy at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, health background/status, lifestyle (nutrition, physical activity, caffeine, alcohol, smoking and bladder health), social engagement and connections, eHealth literacy; all collected via a Health Risk Questionnaire embedded within KeepWell (intervention) or a survey platform (control). Implementation outcomes will include reach, effectiveness, adoption, fidelity, implementation cost and sustainability.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received from the North York General Hospital Research and Ethics Board. The study is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Ontario Ministry of Health. We will work with our team to develop a dissemination strategy which will include publications, presentations, plain language summaries and an end-of-grant meeting.Trial registration numberNCT04437238.

scholarly journals Examine the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 263355652110281
Author(s):  
John S. Moin ◽  
Richard H. Glazier ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Alex Kiss ◽  
Ross E.G. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Indicator Framework

Background: Multimorbidity, often defined as having two or more chronic conditions is a global phenomenon. This study examined the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings. The prevalence of individual diseases was also investigated by age and sex. Methods: The Canada Community Health Survey and linked health administrative databases were used to examine the association between multimorbidity, sociodemographic, behavioral, and other risk factors in the province of Ontario. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to conduct the main analysis. Results: Analyses were stratified by age (20–64 and 65–95) and area of residence (rural and urban). A total sample of n = 174,938 residents between the ages of 20–95 were examined in the Ontario province, of which 18.2% (n = 31,896) were multimorbid with 2 chronic conditions, and 23.4% (n = 40,883) with 3+ chronic conditions. Females had a higher prevalence of 2 conditions (17.9% versus 14.6%) and 3+ conditions (19.7% vs. 15.6%) relative to males. Out of all examined variables, poor self-perception of health, age, Body Mass Index, and income were most significantly associated with multimorbidity. Smoking was a significant risk factor in urban settings but not rural, while drinking was significant in rural and not urban settings. Income inequality was associated with multimorbidity with greater magnitude in rural areas. Prevalence of multimorbidity and having three or more chronic conditions were highest among low-income populations. Conclusion: Interventions targeting population weight, age/sex specific disease burdens, and additional focus on stable income are encouraged.

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