The multivariate techniques in evaluation of unemployment analysis of Polish regions

Research background: The labour market situation is considered to be the most widely discussed part of economic development. However, it should be noted that the unemployment situation of young people (aged 15–24 years) in Poland in general terms seems to be problematic. Overall, the unemployment rate among young people in Poland is significantly higher than the overall unemployment rate in the EU. Moreover, the situation varies greatly across the regions. Purpose of the article: Using multivariate techniques as a theoretical framework, the main goal of the paper is to identify groups of Polish regions that share similar patterns regarding unemployment among young people. To reach this goal, first a set of labour market indicators were selected. Next, the authors compared the labour market situation of young people between the Polish regions in 2005 and in 2014. Finally, the conclusions regarding the conducted analysis are explored. Methods: The initial calculation is based on the concept of the taxonomic measure developed by Hellwig. The final method used to create clusters of objects (across 16 voivodeships of Poland) is cluster analysis. A segmentation of the voivodeships is observed for the years 2005 and 2014, based on selected indicators to determine the labour market situation. The data was gathered from the databases of the Central Statistical Office of Poland and Eurostat. Findings & Value added: Through the exploration of the advantages of multivariate methods, the nature of youth unemployment is revealed in more detail. Indeed, dendrogram analysis divided the voivodeships into five groups, which are characterized by similar features associated with the labour market. It was found that the groups which emerged in 2005 have a different composition of regions than in 2014; this difference seems to be connected with the economic crisis.

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Which countries perform best and why?

Youth Employment ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447350347.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 59-90

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Labour Market ◽

Youth Unemployment ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Youth Labour Market ◽

Market Situation ◽

Education And Employment ◽

The Uk

This chapter examines countries' performance regarding youth unemployment. Although the labour market situation of young people has started to improve in a number of countries since the Great Recession of 2007–8, youth unemployment still remains very high across Europe. High youth unemployment rates reflect young people's difficulties in securing employment, or the inefficiency of the labour market. Germany and the Netherlands have established the most effective institutions to achieve a high integration of 15–19 year-olds in education and employment. Indeed, both Germany and the Netherlands are amongst the highest performing countries in the EU for making sure their young people are in employment. Austria and Denmark also achieve good youth labour market and employment outcomes. Meanwhile, countries like France and the UK try to facilitate school-to-work (STW) transitions by lowering labour costs through subsidies or low employment protection.

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The impact of Special Economic Zones on local labour markets in Poland

Miscellanea Geographica ◽

10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Adam A. Ambroziak ◽

Wojciech Dziemianowicz

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Job Creation ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Local Labour ◽

Market Situation ◽

Economic Zones ◽

The Impact

AbstractStudies conducted so far suggest that SEZs are not treated by local authorities as the main mechanism of job creation in a given region. The objective of this paper is to highlight potential mechanisms through which SEZs impact labour markets in poviats (counties) in Poland. To this end we conducted a comparative analysis of changes that had taken place in the labour market over the period 2004–2016 in two groups of poviats with the highest unemployment rate reported in 2004: with and without SEZs. The study does not allow us to unambiguously conclude that SEZs contributed to the improvement of labour market situation in poviats with the highest unemployment rate in Poland. That can be attributed to the fact that SEZs in Poland are highly fragmented as well as to SEZs investors being able to select locations for their investment projects in relatively better developed regions.

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A magyarországi fiatalok munkaerőpiaci integrációja a covid-19 világjárvány idején

Acta Sociologica – Pécsi Szociológiai Szemle ◽

10.15170/as.2021.7.1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adél Csikai

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Research Question ◽

Target Group ◽

Quantitative Methodology ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Market Situation ◽

On Line

In this study, my goal is to present the results of an on-line research conducted in the autumn of 2020 in Hungary focusing on the labour market situation and opportunities and difficulties of integration of 17-29 aged young people. The aim of research is to improve the labour market situation of young people in the COVID-19 pandemic. The research question is what impact does the pandemic have on the integration of young people into the labour market. It is assumed that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a negative impact on the target group. My work involves quantitative methodology as well as questionnaires filled out by young people on-line.

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YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LABOUR MARKET

Latgale National Economy Research ◽

10.17770/lner2016vol1.8.1482 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Young People ◽

Human Resources ◽

Labour Market ◽

The European Union ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Eu Countries ◽

European Welfare State ◽

Market Situation ◽

The Eu

In an era of aging of the European Union population, it is crucial to take care of human resources in various spheres of their life. The potential of young people is particularly important, as their economic activity creates the basis of maintaining the European welfare state model. However, the labour market situation of young people is difficult. Moreover, the phenomena, which have recently attracted increasing attention, are remaining for young people without employment, education or training (NEET). The occurrence of NEET's resources is harmful at micro level - due to pauperization of European households as well as for the whole economy due to insufficient usage of human resources. The paper aim is to compare how the situation of young people differs in the European Union labour markets.The paper was based on both the desk-research of literature as well as the analysis of selected economic indicators of young people (aged 15-29 years). The indicator analysis was made through the usage of cluster analysis (Ward's method and k-means method). The data was gathered from the databases of Eurostat. The selected indicators determine the labour market situation of young people in the EU countries and they are derived from two years – 2006 and 2014.Ward's and k-means methods allowed for dividing the EU countries into three groups. It occurred that the groups in 2006 have a completely different composition of countries than in 2014, which was mainly determined by crisis influences on the labour markets as well as directions of conducted reforms. Additionally, the k-means method allowed for comparison of selected groups on the basis of chosen variables and determination of countries with the best and the worst situation of young people.

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Changes in the Situation of Different Demographic Groups in the Lithuanian Labour Market and the Influence of Methodical Differences on Relative Unemployment Indicators

Lietuvos statistikos darbai ◽

10.15388/ljs.2016.13863 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 6-18

Author(s):

Arūnas Pocius

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Statistical Data Analysis ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Market Situation ◽

Men Elderly

The paper analyses employment, activity and unemployment trends in Lithuania by sex and age, with thefocus on the monitoring of the labour market situation of different demographic groups. The possibilities of integratingwomen and men, elderly and young people into the labour market are evaluated using key labour market indicators. Differentunemployment estimation methods are used for the assessment of changes in the labour market situation of differentdemographic groups in Lithuania. Statistical data analysis is supplemented by the results of individual research.

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Comparison of changes in the labour markets of post-communist countries with other EU member states

Equilibrium ◽

10.24136/eq.2021.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 741-764

Author(s):

Krzysztof Dmytrów ◽

Beata Bieszk-Stolorz

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Value Added ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Added Value ◽

Time Warping ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Market Situation ◽

Dynamic Time ◽

Communist Countries

strengthen their international competitiveness. This was linked to the implementation of institutional and economic reforms, significant technological changes and improvements in the quality of human capital, as well as fiscal stabilisation policies. These changes affected their situation in the labour market. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to assess changes in the situation in the labour market in the EU with particular emphasis on the post-communist countries in the period 2002? 2019. Methods: The situation of countries in the European labour market was estimated using the TOPSIS method. A similarity matrix of changes in the composite variable for each country was then constructed using the Dynamic Time Warping method. On its basis, homogeneous clusters of countries were determined using the Ward?s method. Findings & value added: Four homogenous clusters of countries were formed. The post-communist ones belonged to two groups. In one, there were two countries ? Croatia and Slovakia. The rest of the post-communist countries were in a large cluster, which also included Germany, Malta, Finland, Portugal, France and Belgium. Changes of the situation in the post-communist countries in this group improved very much during the analysed period (this was particularly evident for Czechia, Estonia and Poland). It is interesting to investigate whether the reaction of labour markets to changes in the global economic situation in post-communist countries is similar to that in the old EU countries. The similarity of changes can be measured using the DTW method. There is an empirical research gap in this respect. Therefore, the added value is the use of this method in assessing similarities of changes in the labour market situation in post-communist countries in comparison to the Western European ones.

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Young people on the labour market in Poland — the point of view of the employer

Oeconomia Copernicana ◽

10.24136/oc.v8i4.34 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 553-568

Author(s):

Urszula Kobylińska ◽

Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽

Joanna Samul

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Value Added ◽

Youth Unemployment ◽

Educational Background ◽

Point Of View ◽

Learning Skills ◽

Age Range ◽

The Eu

Research background: The article presents the problem of youth unemployment from the perspective of employers in Poland exemplified by the research results conducted in Podlaskie province. The unemployment rate of young people in Poland in the age range 15-29, reached 14.2% in 2015. For comparison, at that time the average for the EU was higher by almost two percentage points, and the decline compared to the year 2013 was lower than in Poland. It turns out that higher education in Poland has lost its importance in the process of hiring staff. Employers are increasingly less likely to look at the educational background of candidates, as they focus more on their experience and specific skills. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to present the results of re-search regarding the diagnosis of the situation of young people on the labour market in Poland from the perspective of employers. In particular, there were competency gaps and other reasons for not recruiting young people which have been identified. Methods: Two types of research were carried out with employers from Podlaskie province: quantitative, using CATI/CAWI and qualitative, using the technique of IDI. Quantitative research was carried out on a sample of 346 respondents. A qualitative study was carried out among 16 companies registered in Podlaskie province. Findings & Value added: Among the reasons for not employing young people which were most often mentioned by the entrepreneurs in quantitative research there were financial reasons. During the interviews, employers indicated the reasons for not employing young people such as "lack of appropriate qualifications," "specific skills" or simply "practical preparation for work." Employers were asked about the competence gaps of young people, and they pointed out that they lack experience, initiative and entrepreneurship, as well as learning skills.

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Das deutsche Jugendbeschäftigungswunder

Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2516.2012.00387.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 239-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Neumann

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Education System ◽

Vocational Training ◽

Market Entry ◽

Youth Unemployment ◽

Eu Member States ◽

International Data ◽

Labour Market Entry

AbstractThe unemployment among young people in Germany is one of the lowest in Europe. Notably, the relation between the unemployment rate among young people and the standard unemployment rate is rather low compared to other EU member states. How can this phenomenon be explained? We show, that the German vocational education system ensures labour market entry for many graduates, but also, that vocational preparation courses are extensively used by low skilled young people. If we reassess youth unemployment by the number of participants in such courses we obtain a “shadow unemployment rate for young people” which is in line with official international data. Therefore, minimum labour market qualification standards are often not met by young people. To ensure labour market entry for these persons, we suggest that apprenticeship pay should allowed to be differentiated by qualification. Furthermore, vocational preparation courses should be constructed in a way which leads the young people directly into vocational training with certified degrees.

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The Influence of Enterprises with Participation of Foreign Capital on the Labour Market Situation in Poland

Olsztyn Economic Journal ◽

10.31648/oej.2901 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 45-57

Author(s):

Dorota Sobol

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Foreign Capital ◽

Foreign Direct Investments ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Market Situation ◽

Scientific Project ◽

The Individual ◽

Economic Zones

The aim of the article is to present the influence on the labour market of enterprises with participation offoreign capital in special economic zones (SEZ) in Poland. The research utilised selected results of the surveys conducted among enterprises with participation of foreign capital operating in all Polish special economic zones for the scientific project called Foreign direct investments in the special economic zones of Poland'. These findings are complemented by opinions from management boards of all the zones in Poland concerning the influence of the foreign direct investments (FDI) located in the individual zones on the labour market of the region in which they operate.

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The Fight against Idleness

10.1093/oso/9780198805489.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony F. Heath ◽

Elisabeth Garratt ◽

Ridhi Kashyap ◽

Yaojun Li ◽

Lindsay Richards

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Low Income ◽

Young Men ◽

Dark Side ◽

Educational Expansion ◽

Left Behind ◽

Wide Range

Unemployment has a wide range of adverse consequences over and above the effects of the low income which people out of work receive. In the first decades after the war Britain tended to have a lower unemployment rate than most peer countries but this changed in the 1980s and 1990s, when Britain’s unemployment rate surged during the two recessions—possibly as a result of policies designed to tackle inflation. The young, those with less education, and ethnic minorities have higher risks of unemployment and these risks are cumulative. The evidence suggests that the problems facing young men with only low qualifications became relatively worse in the 1990s and 2000s. This perhaps reflects the dark side of educational expansion, young people with low qualifications being left behind and exposed in the labour market.

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