scholarly journals Young people on the labour market in Poland — the point of view of the employer

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-568
Author(s):  
Urszula Kobylińska ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Joanna Samul
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The article presents the problem of youth unemployment from the perspective of employers in Poland exemplified by the research results conducted in Podlaskie province. The unemployment rate of young people in Poland in the age range 15-29, reached 14.2% in 2015. For comparison, at that time the average for the EU was higher by almost two percentage points, and the decline compared to the year 2013 was lower than in Poland. It turns out that higher education in Poland has lost its importance in the process of hiring staff. Employers are increasingly less likely to look at the educational background of candidates,  as they focus more on their experience and specific skills. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to present the results of re-search regarding the diagnosis of the situation of young people on the labour market in Poland from the perspective of employers. In particular, there were competency gaps and other reasons for not recruiting young people which have been identified. Methods: Two types of research were carried out with employers from Podlaskie province: quantitative, using CATI/CAWI and qualitative, using the technique of IDI. Quantitative research was carried out on a sample of 346 respondents. A qualitative study was carried out among 16 companies registered in Podlaskie province. Findings & Value added: Among the reasons for not employing young people which were most often mentioned by the entrepreneurs in quantitative research there were financial reasons. During the interviews, employers  indicated the reasons for not employing young people such as "lack of appropriate qualifications," "specific skills" or simply "practical preparation for work." Employers were asked about the competence gaps of young people, and they pointed out that they lack experience, initiative and entrepreneurship, as well as learning skills.

scholarly journals The multivariate techniques in evaluation of unemployment analysis of Polish regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Anna Tatarczak ◽  
Oleksandra Boichuk
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Central Statistical

Research background: The labour market situation is considered to be the most widely discussed part of economic development. However, it should be noted that the unemployment situation of young people (aged 15–24 years) in Poland in general terms seems to be problematic. Overall, the unemployment rate among young people in Poland is significantly higher than the overall unemployment rate in the EU.  Moreover, the situation varies greatly across the regions. Purpose of the article: Using multivariate techniques as a theoretical framework, the main goal of the paper is to identify groups of Polish regions that share similar patterns regarding unemployment among young people. To reach this goal, first a set of labour market indicators were selected. Next, the authors compared the labour market situation of young people between the Polish regions in 2005 and in 2014. Finally, the conclusions regarding the conducted analysis are explored. Methods: The initial calculation is based on the concept of the taxonomic measure developed by Hellwig. The final method used to create clusters of objects (across 16 voivodeships of Poland) is cluster analysis. A segmentation of the voivodeships is observed for the years 2005 and 2014, based on selected indicators to determine the labour market situation. The data was gathered from the databases of the Central Statistical Office of Poland and Eurostat. Findings & Value added: Through the exploration of the advantages of multivariate methods, the nature of youth unemployment is revealed in more detail. Indeed, dendrogram analysis divided the voivodeships into five groups, which are characterized by similar features associated with the labour market. It was found that the groups which emerged in 2005 have a different composition of regions than in 2014; this difference seems to be connected with the economic crisis.

scholarly journals European myriad of approaches to parasitic commercial practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka MacGregor Pelikánová
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Member States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Unfair Commercial Practices Directive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The Post-Lisbon EU aims at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth on the single internal market, as indicated by the Europe 2020. The interplay of the competition and consumer protection on such a market is subject to harmonization. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive has been made in order to achieve a full harmonization in this respect in 2007. However, EU member states share different social, political, legal and economic traditions and their approaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, are dramatically diverse. In such a context, is it feasible, effective and efficient to install a full harmonization?Purpose of the article: The primary purpose of this article is to describe and assess ap-proaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, by the EU law and EU member states law. The secondary purpose is to study and evaluate possibilities for the feasible, effective and efficient harmonization, or their lack. Methods: The cross-disciplinary and multi-jurisdictional nature of this article, and its dual purposes, implies the use of Meta-Analysis, of the critical comparison of laws and the impact of their application, to the holistic perception of historical and national contexts, and to case studies. The primary and secondary sources are explored and the yield knowledge and data are confronted with the status quo. The dominating qualitative research and data are complemented by the quantitative research and data.Findings & Value added: The EU opted for an ambitious challenge to install via the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive a full harmonization of the regime against unfair commercial practices, including parasitic ones. The exploration pursuant to the duo of purposes suggests that the challenge is perhaps too ambitious and that the EU underestimated the dramatic diversity of approaches to unfair commercial practices, especially parasitic ones.

Do National Activation Measures Stand the Test of European Law on the Free Movement of Workers and Jobseekers?

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Herwig Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article examines the compatibility of national measures taken to stimulate non-active people to enter the labour market (the so-called activation measures) with European law on the free movement of workers and jobseekers. It will first give a short overview of the objectives of the European employment strategy, more specifically with regard to the activation of workers. Subsequently it will sketch the European legal context of the free movement of workers and jobseekers, with special attention for the measures taken at the European level to enable and stimulate labour migration within the EU and thus create a European labour market. In the third part, by way of example, we will have a closer look at a number of activation measures taken in Belgium and examine which problems could arise in cross-border applications from the point of view of European law.

Raising People With Special Needs

2022 ◽  
pp. 310-342
Author(s):  
Ruža Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Attitudes Towards Inclusion

People with disabilities, who represent a significant part of the population of today's world, are still on the margins of social goods and values because of the attitudes of people who are not. Although, in earlier social eras, they were observed mainly from the point of view of social possibilities of existence, the appearance of significant world documents, and affirmations on the labour market, these attitudes changed somewhat. Nevertheless, in many countries of the world, the upbringing and education of children and young people with disabilities is burdened with numerous difficulties and problems. This chapter will help students, professionals, and others interested in these problems to get to know them and thus enrich their cognitive, emotional, social, and work competencies that may be needed to work with them. It will help them in practical application at all levels of their education, which will contribute to strengthening positive attitudes towards inclusion.

Which countries perform best and why?

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-90
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Uk

This chapter examines countries' performance regarding youth unemployment. Although the labour market situation of young people has started to improve in a number of countries since the Great Recession of 2007–8, youth unemployment still remains very high across Europe. High youth unemployment rates reflect young people's difficulties in securing employment, or the inefficiency of the labour market. Germany and the Netherlands have established the most effective institutions to achieve a high integration of 15–19 year-olds in education and employment. Indeed, both Germany and the Netherlands are amongst the highest performing countries in the EU for making sure their young people are in employment. Austria and Denmark also achieve good youth labour market and employment outcomes. Meanwhile, countries like France and the UK try to facilitate school-to-work (STW) transitions by lowering labour costs through subsidies or low employment protection.

Labour Market Flexibility: Need and Outcome. Some Socio-economic Reflections based on the European Experience

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-607
Author(s):  
SABINE M.-L. URBAN ◽  
DARIO VELO
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Scientific Associations ◽  
The Eu

The fast rate of the globalisation process and huge technological changes are leading to increased uncertainty. Risk (considered either as a threat or as an opportunity) is correlated to uncertainty. That means that the socio-economic environment may be considered as ambiguous, and the reaction of players complex, unforeseeable and difficult to handle. In such conditions one looks for simple formulae or tricks to manage the necessary change in human behaviour, institutional structures, production and trade methods. ‘Flexibility’ seems to be a magic keyword – both a performance driver and an expression of freedom. Labour market flexibility is currently the focus of ideological and political debate. This paper aims to clarify some points in the debate, especially in the European Union context. First, we give some brief information about the EU framework with regard to the labour market flexibility and its performance. Second, we try to understand how labour market flexibility is dependent on decisions of enterprises (in search of competitiveness). But this point of view needs to be enlarged to a more systemic approach; flexibility is only one of the socio-economic performance variables. A flexibility paradigm is related to a new political and humanistic project, and is a serious consideration for a number of industrial and financial companies, scientific associations and bodies.

scholarly journals Een verloren generatie van jongeren op de arbeidsmarkt?

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten H.J. Wolbers
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Labour Market Entry

A lost generation of youth in the labour market? A lost generation of youth in the labour market? After the economic crisis of the 1980s concerns have been raised whether the high youth unemployment during that period produced a ‘lost generation’ of young people. The same question has been asked recently after the emergence of the currently high youth unemployment. But how justified is this issue? In order to find this out, it is investigated in this article to what extent recent cohorts of young people are (permanently) disadvantaged by high unemployment levels at labour market entry. To address this question, repeated cross-sections from the Labour Force Survey (1993-2011) were used and pseudo-panel analysis was applied in order to ‘follow’ labour market entry cohorts during the early career. The results show that labour market entry in times of high unemployment has negative effects on later employment opportunities and occupational status attainment. However, these negative effects disappear after a few years in the labour market. These findings imply that the negative effects of high unemployment at labour market entry are not permanent, but diminish during the early career. All in all, young people experience negative effects of labour market entry in times of high unemployment, but these effects do not produce a lost generation.

scholarly journals Rynek pracy i system edukacyjny. Zarys problematyki

2014 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Alicja Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Member States ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Flexible Management ◽  
The Eu

In Poland and other European Union member states, young people are disfavoured by employers in the labour market. This applies to the forms of employment (flexible and fixed- term contracts) and its financial conditions. In 2013, the unemployment rate among economically active population under the age of 25 in the EU was 23.1%, while in Poland it amounted to 27 %. The problems of the young people in the labour market include the mismatch of skills sought by employers and the ones mastered by potential employees, the limited number of new jobs, as well as the discriminatory practices of employers towards young people. Young people classified as NEET (not in employment, education, training) generate considerable social costs. In 2010, 16.5 % of individuals in the 18–24 group and 19.7 % in the 25 29 group in the EU were classified as  NEETs. The EU supported the member states’ governments actions regarding young people via the Lisbon Strategy and the Europe 2020 Strategy. The EU also proposed a new model for flexible management of the labour market (the so-called flexicurity) to improve the efficiency of labour markets and to ensure more jobs while fostering social security of workers. In Poland, the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy implemented the government policy as well as the recommendations of the European Commission through the “Youth in the labour market” programme.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Maya Lambovska ◽  
Boguslava Sardinha ◽  
Jaroslav Belas, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Eu

Youth unemployment is a problem in each member country of the European Union (EU). The EU seeks to alleviate this problem by implementing various programs to support young people in finding and keeping a job, thus contributing to economic growth. In 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The countries have introduced many strict measures to prevent its spread, but they have caused a significant increase in unemployment, including among young people, and thus harmed economic growth. In this paper, we analyze the unemployment of people under the age of twenty-five in the EU. We also point out how unemployment rates have increased in individual countries. This problem concerns not only countries where the youth unemployment rate had been high already, such as Greece, Spain, and Italy, but also countries with previously lower rates, for example, the Czech Republic, Netherland, Poland, and Slovenia. In the latter group of countries, the youth unemployment rate has doubled in some cases due to anti-pandemic measures. We found that the most affected countries in this regard are the aforementioned Czech Republic, where the unemployment rate at the end of 2020 rose to 2.19 times above the level at the end of 2019, and Estonia, where year-over-year youth unemployment rose by a factor of 2.5. However, unfavorable developments occurred also in Lithuania, Latvia, and Ireland. According to our results, in 2020, youth unemployment increased the least in Hungary, Italy, and Belgium. In general, however, as the situation is now much more urgent, measures to alleviate this problem need to be put in place in each country to help young people find employment and, thus, stimulate economic growth.

The Nature of Youth Employment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Roan and Diamond (2003) claim that labour market policy in Australia has focussed on the provision of employment and the preparation of young people for employment but entirely neglected quality of working life issues. The same may be said for other developed economies’ labour market policies. In the anguish to get young people into work, which is understandable given the youth unemployment crisis, the nature of work itself has, until recently at least, rarely been questioned. In the run up to the May 2015 UK general election, rival parties were at loggerheads over the nature of jobs being created in the economy, with the ruling coalition parties pointing to the fall in unemployment and the opposition arguing that many of these jobs were barely paying the minimum wage and that furthermore many of the jobs now being offered were on zero-hour contracts and also on casual contracts, which are ones where the employer can hire staff without the guarantee of work. Suddenly the nature of work reappeared on policy makers’ agendas and this, coupled with tourism’s admittedly poor reputation as an employer, suggests the need for a closer look at the nature of youth employment in the sector. Consequently, this chapter presents and discusses different characteristics of youth employment in tourism and hospitality. It aims to provide an insight into the experience of youth employment as well as reviewing the role of trade unions in improving working conditions for young people. The chapter also addresses separately the nature of youth employment in developing countries, and concludes with a review of the relationship between responsible tourism and youth employment.

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