scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF TROUT BREEDING IN THE TAYINTINSKY WATER RESERVOIR OF EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Toleukhan Sadykulovich Sadykulov ◽  
Symbat Mukhametbekuly Anuarbekov ◽  
Saule Zhangirovna Asylbekova ◽  
Nina Sergeevna Badryzlova ◽  
Damir Kayirkeldyevich Zharkenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Aqua Feed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

In the course of optimizing the technology of breeding 400 rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) specimens in 4 cages (100 specimens in each cage) at the pilot fish pond in 2016 there was evaluated the impact of abiotic and biotic factors of the environment on the growth and development of trout and the dynamics of the temperature and oxygen regimes. The gas regime, physico-chemical properties, the content of the main ions and water biogens from the area of the fishpond were investigated. The research results showed that structure of the cage line is compatible enough compared to those available in the market. However, it is necessary to increase the size of cages to 5-6 m in depth and to use lifting mechanisms in summer to raise water from the depths, because water at 19-20ºC can provoke a great withdrawal of trout. During 30 days of the experiment there was investigated the efficiency of using 4 types of productional feed (in 4 different cages): pilot productional trout feed made by "KazNIIPPP", LLP, and three control variants - "Aller Aqua" (Danmark) feed and two productional feed types made by Kazakh manufacturers. Best results gave the trout species fed with "Aller Aqua" feed. Values of absolute, average daily and relative trout growth fed with pilot feed of "KazNIIPPP", LLP were higher than if fed with feeds of other Kazakh manufacturers to 23.3 and 26.7 g; 0.81 and 0.89 g; 13.0 and 11.8%; feeding ratio - to 0.7 and 0.65 units. The difference between feeding ratios of "KazNIIPPP", LLP feed and "Aller Aqua" feed was minimum - 0.6 units. Subject to the fact that "KazNIIPPP", LLP feed is not much inferior to the import feed in quality and profitability, its manufacturing technology is preferable to use in commercial trout breeding

scholarly journals Influence of taxonomic and functional content of microbial communities on the quality of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatziri Mota-Gutierrez ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Manuela Giordano ◽  
Mirna Leonor Suarez-Quiroz ◽  
Oscar Gonzalez-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The microbial metabolism drives the changes in the physico-chemical properties and consequently the sensory characteristics of fermented cocoa beans. In this context, information regarding the structure, function and metabolic potential of microbial communities’ present during cocoa pulp-bean mass fermentation is limited, especially concerning the formation of aromatic compounds. To bridge the gap, the metagenome of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass (Criollo and Forastero) has been investigated using shotgun metagenomics coupled with physico-chemical, microbiological, quality and sensory analysis to explore the impact of microbial communities on the quality of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass on one farm in one season and in one region under the same environmental conditions. Our findings showed that the metagenomic diversity in cocoa, fermentation length, and the diversity and function of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) greatly influence the resulting distinctive flavours. From the metabolic perspective, multiple indicators suggest that the heterolactic metabolism was more dominant in Criollo fermentations. KEGG genes were linked with the biosynthesis of acetic acid, ethanol, lactic acid, acetoin and phenylacetaldehyde during Criollo and Forastero fermentations. MAGs belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Acetobacter pasteurianus were the most prevalent. The fermentation time and roasting are the most important determinants of cocoa quality while the difference between the two varieties are relatively minor. The assessment of microbiological and chemical analysis is an urgent need for developing fermentation protocols according to regions, countries and cocoa varieties to guarantee safety and desirable flavour development. Importance. Monitoring the composition, structure, functionalities and metabolic potential encoded at the level of DNA of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass metagenome is of great importance for food safety and quality implications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Filler Geometry on Polylactic Acid-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Karol Leluk ◽  
Stanisław Frąckowiak ◽  
Joanna Ludwiczak ◽  
Tomasz Rydzkowski ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Recently, biocomposites have emerged as materials of great interest to the scientists and industry around the globe. Among various polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular matrix material with high potential for advanced applications. Various particulate materials and nanoparticles have been used as the filler in PLA based matrix. One of the extensively studied filler is cellulose. However, cellulose fibres, due to their hydrophilic nature, are difficult to blend with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. This leads to agglomeration and creates voids, reducing the mechanical strength of the resulting composite. Moreover, the role of the various forms of pure cellulose and its particle shape factors has not been analyzed in most of the current literature. Therefore, in this work, materials of various shapes and shape factors were selected as fillers for the production of polymer composites using Polylactic acid as a matrix to fill this knowledge gap. In particular, pure cellulose fibres (three types with different elongation coefficient) and two mineral nanocomponents: precipitated calcium carbonate and montmorillonite were used. The composites were prepared by a melt blending process using two different levels of fillers: 5% and 30%. Then, the analysis of their thermomechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out. The obtained results were presented graphically and discussed in terms of their shape and degree of filling.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Efficiency of Vermicompost Derived from Different Biowastes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Growth and Soil Health

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Safdar Bashir ◽  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Korkmaz Bellitürk ◽  
Niaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
The Impact

The present study was conducted to explore the role of different types of vermicomposts (VCs) prepared from different substrates to improve soil health (physical and chemical properties) and wheat plant growth under field conditions. Different combinations of vermicompost prepared from different substrates (cow dung, paper waste, and rice straw) and inorganic fertilizers were applied in soil using wheat as a test plant. The impact of three different VCs on physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient availability in soil was evaluated to examine their efficacy in combination with chemical fertilizers. Temporal trends in vermicomposting treatments at various stages showed significant improvement in physico-chemical attributes of the VCs substrates. All the plant physiological attributes showed significant response where N:P:K 100:50:50 kg ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 cow dung vermicompost was applied. In addition, post-harvest analysis of soil not only revealed that different combinations of the vermicomposting treatments improved the soil health by improving the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Conclusively, application of cow dung vermicompost along with recommended NPK not only improved crop yield, soil health, reduced insect (aphid) infestation but also fortified grains with Zn and Fe.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽  
Irena KINDERIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

scholarly journals Exploring the difference in xerogels and organogels through in situ observation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170492
Author(s):  
Binglian Bai ◽  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yukihiro Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Difference

Solvent–gelator interactions play a key role in mediating organogel formation and ultimately determine the physico-chemical properties of the organogels and xerogels. The ethanol organogels of 1,4-bis[(3,4,5-trihexyloxy phenyl)hydrazide]phenylene (TC6) were investigated in situ by FT-IR, Raman and fluorescence spectra, and XRD, and it was confirmed that the intermolecular interaction and aggregation structure of TC6 ethanol organogels were quite different from those of xerogels. Simultaneously, unprecedented phase transition from organogel to suspension upon heating was observed in ethanol organogel, and the suspension phase exhibited lytropic liquid crystalline behaviour with a rectangular columnar structure. This study may open the possibility to design new gelators with a new dimension of versatility.

scholarly journals MRI Relaxivity Changes of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Induced by Different Amino Acid Coatings

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Antal ◽  
Oliver Strbak ◽  
Iryna Khmara ◽  
Martina Koneracka ◽  
Martina Kubovcikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The One ◽  
Molecular Contrast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positively Charged

In this study, we analysed the physico-chemical properties of positively charged magnetic fluids consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised by different amino acids (AAs): glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp), and the influence of AA–MNP complexes on the MRI relaxivity. We found that the AA coating affects the size of dispersed particles and isoelectric point, as well as the zeta potential of AA–MNPs differently, depending on the AA selected. Moreover, we showed that a change in hydrodynamic diameter results in a change to the relaxivity of AA–MNP complexes. On the one hand, we observed a decrease in the relaxivity values, r1 and r2, with an increase in hydrodynamic diameter (the relaxivity of r1 and r2 were comparable with commercially available contrast agents); on the other hand, we observed an increase in r2* value with an increase in hydrodynamic size. These findings provide an interesting preliminary look at the impact of AA coating on the relaxivity properties of AA–MNP complexes, with a specific application in molecular contrast imaging originating from magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic resonance techniques.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Liposomes Assembled from Bioconjugates of Anisic Acid with Phosphatidylcholine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13146
Author(s):  
Hanna Pruchnik ◽  
Anna Gliszczyńska ◽  
Aleksandra Włoch
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of a new type of liposomes that are composed of DPPC and bioconjugates of anisic acid with phosphatidylcholine. In particular, the impact of modified anisic acid phospholipids on the thermotropic parameters of liposomes was determined, which is crucial for using them as potential carriers of active substances in cancer therapies. Their properties were determined using three biophysical methods, namely differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), steady-state fluorimetry and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Moreover, temperature studies of liposomes composed of DPPC and bioconjugates of anisic acid with phosphatidylcholine provided information about the phase transition, fluidity regarding chain order, hydration and dynamics. The DSC results show that the main phase transition peak for conjugates of anisic acid with phosphatidylcholine molecules was broadened and shifted to a lower temperature in a concentration- and structure-dependent manner. The ATR-FTIR results and the results of measurements conducted using fluorescent probes located at different regions in the lipid bilayer are in line with DSC. The results show that the new bioconjugates with phosphatidylcholine have a significant impact on the physico-chemical properties of a membrane and cause a decrease in the temperature of the main phase transition. The consequence of this is greater fluidity of the lipid bilayer.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Projects Applied to Chemistry Lessons: Example of Chemistry Linked to Food Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-198
Author(s):  
Lydie Moreau ◽  
Véronique Breguet Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Interdisciplinary Projects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Good Organization

An interdisciplinary project regarding the effect of ascorbic acid on bread dough's physico-chemical properties was proposed to bachelor students in chemistry and food sciences. Such an approach was proposed to develop both scientific and soft skills, in order to prepare students for their future working environment. Together, students deepened their knowledge regarding food science and chemistry. They were then able to plan and design experiments demonstrating the impact of gluten network formation and ascorbic acid influence onto bread dough and finished product characteristics. This way of teaching was very appreciated by students, nevertheless it highlighted the fact that the professors' investment was considerably high, and that good organization, alignment and preparation prior to the start of this project is key.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan on the Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Selected Properties of Polyurethane/Chitosan Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piotrowska-Kirschling ◽  
Joanna Brzeska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Materials science is an interdisciplinary area of studies. This science focuses on the influence of the physico-chemical properties of materials on their application in human everyday lives. The materials’ synthesis should be developed in accordance with sustainable development. Polyurethanes (PUR) represent a significant consumption of plastic in the world. Modification of PUR, e.g., with polysaccharide of natural origin (chitosan, Chit), should have a positive effect on their functional properties and degradability in the natural environment. The basic parameters affecting the scope and direction of changes are the size and quantity of the chitosan particles. The impact assessment of chitosan on the chemical structure, morphology, thermal properties, crystallinity, mechanical properties, flammability, water sorption, adsorption properties, degradability, and biological activity of PUR/Chit composites (without other additives) is discussed in this article. To the best of our knowledge, recent literature does not contain a study discussing the direct impact of the presence of chitosan in the structure of PUR/Chit composite on its properties, regardless of the intended uses. This paper provides an overview of publications, which presents the results of a study on the effect of adding chitosan in polyurethane/chitosan composites without other additives on the properties of polyurethane.

scholarly journals The Puzzling Potential of Carbon Nanomaterials: General Properties, Application, and Toxicity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Danica Jović ◽  
Vesna Jaćević ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Ivana Borišev ◽  
Jasminka Mrdjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterial ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Being a member of the nanofamily, carbon nanomaterials exhibit specific properties that mostly arise from their small size. They have proved to be very promising for application in the technical and biomedical field. A wide spectrum of use implies the inevitable presence of carbon nanomaterials in the environment, thus potentially endangering their whole nature. Although scientists worldwide have conducted research investigating the impact of these materials, it is evident that there are still significant gaps concerning the knowledge of their mechanisms, as well as the prolonged and chronic exposure and effects. This manuscript summarizes the most prominent representatives of carbon nanomaterial groups, giving a brief review of their general physico-chemical properties, the most common use, and toxicity profiles. Toxicity was presented through genotoxicity and the activation of the cell signaling pathways, both including in vitro and in vivo models, mechanisms, and the consequential outcomes. Moreover, the acute toxicity of fullerenol, as one of the most commonly investigated members, was briefly presented in the final part of this review. Thinking small can greatly help us improve our lives, but also obliges us to deeply and comprehensively investigate all the possible consequences that could arise from our pure-hearted scientific ambitions and work.

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