scholarly journals Deliberative democracy: modernization or crisis of democracy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
O.V. Voloshenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This article is devoted to the advantages and disadvantages of the model of advisory (deliberative) democracy. Its basic provisions are revealed, the contribution to its development of J. Besset, J. Habermas, J. Cohen, R. Dahl, J. Fishkin is characterized. It has been established that the model of advisory democracy offers tools for active participation of the population in the discussion of important political issues in the period between elections. When discussing problematic issues, the right to vote is given to all those who are influenced by the decisions of public authorities (the principle of equity participation). At the same time, the dialogue should be free, equal, reasoned and aimed at reaching consensus. The main problems of deliberative democracy are highlighted, including the difficulty of reaching a general consensus in a socially heterogeneous society, leveling important social differences in the process of compromise, unpreparedness of citizens for a rational dialogue, the presence of cultural barriers in implementing advisory procedures in non-Western countries. Forms and methods of informal participation of citizens in the discussion of political issues in the United States, as well as in Germany, Spain, Belgium, Iceland, Poland and other European countries are considered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the use of advisory procedures in the world is characterized by a variety of deliberative tools and the breadth of its application: from solving problems of education and ecology, medicine and the local budget to the adoption of a new constitution. It is established that the concept of deliberative democracy takes into account both negative realities (alienation of political power from society, low level of public confidence in the political elite) and positive achievements of today (the idea of "good governance", information technology, ideological and legal pluralism). In view of this, it is concluded that the model of advisory democracy is a promising attempt to modernize democracy in the modern world, rethink the democratic principles of government, adapt the classical theory of democracy to modern needs and challenges.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
The Uk

ANNOTATION. Problematic aspects of defining the tasks and place of the prosecutor's office, as well as the foreign strategy of improving the organization of the prosecutor's office are highlighted. The experience of foreign countries of the developed democracy, concerning the work of the prosecutor's office for its implementation in the legislation of Ukraine, the history of its origin and its modern purpose are analyzed. On the basis of a comparative study of foreign prosecutor's offices data on their place in the system of government, type of model and basic functions are given, which gives an idea of the role and directions of development of the prosecutor's office in the leading countries of the modern world. It is stated that the modern Prosecutor's Office of France is referred to the executive branch of power and reports to the Ministry of Justice. Prosecutors are very close to the judge's corps because they receive the same training and often move from prosecutors to judges and vice versa throughout their careers. In Germany, prosecuting authorities operate at the general courts of all levels. The Attorney General of the Federal Republic of Germany exercises his authority under the general authority of the Minister of Justice of Germany. According to a special law that defines the legal status of the Prosecutor's Office in Latvia, the prosecutor's office is a judicial authority that independently supervises compliance with the law within the established competence. In the UK, there is no public prosecutor's office or its direct analogue. The Public Prosecutor's Office operates within the system of public authorities as an independent authority, coordinated by the General Atorney. In the Republic of Lithuania, prosecutors organize and manage the pre-trial investigation process, as well as support state prosecutions in criminal cases. The author summarizes that there is no uniform standard in Europe for the prosecutor's model. The prosecutor's models analyzed have advantages and disadvantages, but none of them excludes or prefers one or the other model. Recommendations on improving the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine have been provided.

scholarly journals Electronic voting technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Nedyak ◽  
Oleg Rudzeyt ◽  
Artem Zainetdinov ◽  
Sofia Suksova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Voter Identification ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The Will ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article describes modern electronic voting technologies used in various countries of the world, such as Estonia, the United States, countries of the African continent, and others. The authors also consider the main technologies of electronic voting, which are currently widely used in Russia. With the development of digital technologies, there is a tendency for their ubiquity. Various democratic institutions, in turn, have excellent potential for digitalization. One of the results of this synergy was the emergence of such a phenomenon as electronic voting. Most often, electronic voting is classified according to the principle of their interaction with the voter. The first category is remote electronic voting, which includes online voting. This type of electronic voting is used for remote registration of the will of voters. Citizens, instead of visiting a polling station, vote using a home or work personal computer that is connected to the Internet. Can also use the computers installed in the booths in public places – in schools, libraries, etc. The second category in the above classification is voting using electronic means at polling stations. These include so-called «electronic» ballot boxes, electronic technical means for automating vote counting, and various automated systems for automating the election process as a whole and its various stages separately. In addition to considering the methods and technologies of electronic voting, the article also partially describes the methods and problems associated with the identification and formation of voter lists in electronic voting. The authors consider, among other things, the advantages and disadvantages of elective modern technologies. The main advantages of using electronic voting include automating the voting procedure, reducing financial and time costs, and improving the convenience of voting for certain categories of citizens. The disadvantages of the electronic voting technologies used are the lack of public confidence in electronic forms of voting, the likely violation of the principle of secrecy of voting, technical complexity, insufficient reliability compared to «traditional» methods of voting and summing up results, as well as problems with voter identification.

scholarly journals Features of implementation of the newest management concepts: regional model of modernization of administrative processes in public authorities in conditions of digital transformation of society

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Mazur ◽  
Oksana Sokolovska
Keyword(s):  
New Public Management ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
The Impact

In the article emphasizes that for Ukraine in the current conditions, the desire for effective public administration necessitates the formation of a strong bureaucracy, so the administrative work of public authorities becomes a field for innovation and modernize. Emphasis is placed on the internal work of public authorities, which under the influence of the digital transformation of society requires the modernization of administrative processes taking into account digital technologies. The implementation of practices in combination with digital technologies requires research for the success of modernization in the public authorities of Ukraine, which will take into account the existing values and principles that are accepted at the international level. The article argues that in the context of digital transformation of society, public authorities of democratic countries of the modern world should a priori use in their work the principles of the newest management concepts as exemplary guidelines for action. The article provides an overview of the main provisions of the newest management concepts «New Public Management», «Good Governance», «FAST Government», «Open Government». The article considers the components of these concepts through the impact on the main levels of administrative processes taking place in public authorities. Based on the results in 2019 study of electronic readiness of Dnipropetrovsk region, a description of the regional model of modernization of administrative processes, which consists of five levels: level of infrastructure, level of interaction, level of decision support, level of access to public information and level of service provision. A graphical representation of the regional model of modernization of administrative processes in public authorities is given, indicating the impact of the latest management concepts at its level. Based on this, it is determined that the implementation of the approaches of the newest management concepts in public authorities, based on the introduction of digital technology tools, has the character of a comprehensive focus on service activities.

scholarly journals The Importance of Introducing a Merit-Based Hiring System in North Macedonian Governments

SEEU Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Larry Hubbell ◽  
Veli Kreci
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
American Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patronage System

AbstractIn this article, the authors present several topics related to the nascent development of a merit-based hiring system in North Macedonia. This paper employs a normative approach. We advocate for a merit-based hiring system, similar to the American model. First, we explore the pressure exerted by the European Commission to adopt a merit-based system at all levels of government as a condition for entry into the European Union. Second, we delve into the patronage system in North Macedonia. Third, we provide a short history of patronage in the United States and the difficulty that nation had in curbing its entrenched patronage system. Fourth, we discuss the advantages of a merit-based hiring system, namely the creation of good governance, the improvement of employee morale, the development of more public confidence in government, the reduction of the influence of ethnic politics and the furtherance of the rule of law. Finally, we present an example drawn from the American federal government about the basic procedures of a merit-based hiring process.

COMPETENCE APPROACH IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: ESSENCE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS (ARCHETYPAL ASPECT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Martha Ivanivna Karpa
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
European Public ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

The article reveals the main features of the competence approach in the practice of European public administration. The features of the competence approach in public administration are determined on the basis of analysis of the basic concepts of public administration. In the dynamics of the formation and development of popular theories of interaction between state and local authorities, such as the theory of a free community, community (public) and public and state (the theory of municipal dualism), we can trace a number of characteristic features of a competency approach, which manifests itself both through the general theoretical relations and manifestations, and through the practice of coexistence of public authorities. There is a problem of definition and distribution of public functions as a prerequisite for defining and shaping the competences of public institutions. An important issue in the context of a competent approach is the institutional consolidation of functions in the context of the existence of the basic models of territorial organization of power. In each of the varieties of the Governance concept (Responsive Governance concept, Democratic Governance concept, Good Governance concept), the specifics of the use of competencies are defined. The archetypal symbols in the European public administration are singled out using the analysis of competence in public administration in its main constituents. A brief description of the archetypal aspect of European public administration is given. The main components of competence are shown in connection with the existing archetypal symbols and the characteristic trends of their development. Their connection is shown according to the scheme “the entity component (who?) — the object component (what?) — the administrative component (how?) — the basis (in what environment?)”. Concerning the trends of development of a competence approach in the context of practice and theory of public administration, it is determined that modern concepts of public administration are characterized by shifting the balance between state and public institutions to the sphere of common goals and tasks, and thus responsibility. The joint activity of all subjects of society requires new forms of cooperation, definition of the spheres and subjects of each entity’s activity for effective cooperation, distribution of functions and competences of the entities, formation and consolidation of their status characteristics.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ ДЛЯ ПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В США

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Unterov ◽  
Elizaveta Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
Correction System

Статья посвящена изучению зарубежного опыта подготовки кадров для пенитенциарных систем. Его анализ и рассмотрение возможности внедрения отдельных элементов направлены на совершенствование системы подготовки сотрудников для уголовно-исполнительной системы России, повышение их профессионального уровня, что в конечном счете будет способствовать достижению главной цели УИС - исправлению осужденных. Авторы особое внимание уделяют изучению специально-профессиональных и личностных качеств, необходимых сотрудникам пенитенциарных учреждений. В статье рассматриваются особенности подготовки сотрудников пенитенциарной системы в Соединенных Штатах Америки. Важнейшей задачей образовательных учреждений и центров по подготовке кадров для пенитенциарной системы США является обеспечение будущих сотрудников знаниями, необходимыми для выполнения профессиональных обязанностей в рамках предстоящей деятельности. Также авторы подчеркивают важность развития при подготовке будущих сотрудников не только профессиональных, но и личностных качеств.The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in order to improve the training system for the Russian penal correction system. In particular, the training of prison officials in the United States of America is considered as one of the most developed States in the modern world. The improvement of the training process for the Russian penal correction system implies the development of international cooperation with the prison systems of foreign countries. The study of foreign experience of penitentiary education contributes to the improvement of the professional level of the staff of the Penal Correction Service and, ultimately, to the achievement of the main goal - correction of convicts. The authors pay particular attention to the study of specific professional and personal qualities required by potential prison staff. Since there have been significant positive changes in the formation of professional qualities of the future employee of the Russian penal correction system over the past decade, the main focus of the work is on the formation of personal (universal) qualities of the employee of the Federal Penal Correction Service of the Russian Federation, for which the positive experience of the United States is analyzed.

Corruption as a Political Issue in Modern Societies: France, Great Britain and the United States in the Long 19th Century

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ivo Engels
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Bureaucratic State

The so-called “long 19th century”, from the French Revolution to the First World War, ranks as the crucial phase in the genesis of the modern world. In the Western countries this period was characterized by the differentiation of the public and the private spheres, the birth of the modern bureaucratic state and the delegitimation of early modern practices such as clientelism and patronage. All these fundamental changes are, among other things, usually considered important preconditions for the modern perception of corruption.This paper will concentrate on this crucial phase by means of a comparative analysis of debates in France, Great Britain and the United States, with the aim to elucidate the motives for major anti-corruption movements. The questions are: who fights against corruption and what are the reasons for doing so? I will argue that these concerns were often very different and sometimes accidental. Furthermore, an analysis of political corruption may reveal differences between the political cultures in the countries in question. Thus, the history of corruption serves as a sensor which enables a specific perspective on politics. By taking this question as a starting point the focus is narrowed to political corruption and the debates about corruption, while petty bribery on the part of minor civilservants, as well as the actual practice in the case of extensive political corruption, is left aside.

Comparing the Four Main Cases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
System Leaders ◽  
Industrial Economic

No two system leaders were identical in their claims to being the most innovative states in their respective zones, eras, and periods of leadership. Nonetheless, three general categories emerge: maritime commercial leadership, a pushing of agrarian boundaries, and sustained industrial economic growth. Those that made breakthroughs in the latter category, of course, redefined the modern world. Frontiers were critically important in all four cases of system leadership (China, the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States), but not exactly in the same way. Major improvements in transportation/communication facilitated economic growth by making interactions more feasible and less expensive, although the importance of trade varied considerably. Expanding populations were a hallmark of all four cases, even if the scale of increase varied. Population growth and urbanization forced agriculture to become more efficient and provided labor for nonagricultural pursuits. Urban demands stimulated regional specialization, technological innovation, and energy intensification, expanding the size of domestic markets and contributing to scalar increases in production. Just how large those scalar increases were depended on the interactions among technological innovation, power-driven machinery, and energy transition. Yet no single change led automatically to technological leadership. While lead status was never gained by default, it helped to have few rivals. As more serious rivals emerged, technological leaderships became harder to maintain.

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