scholarly journals Electronic voting technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Nedyak ◽  
Oleg Rudzeyt ◽  
Artem Zainetdinov ◽  
Sofia Suksova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Voter Identification ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The Will ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article describes modern electronic voting technologies used in various countries of the world, such as Estonia, the United States, countries of the African continent, and others. The authors also consider the main technologies of electronic voting, which are currently widely used in Russia. With the development of digital technologies, there is a tendency for their ubiquity. Various democratic institutions, in turn, have excellent potential for digitalization. One of the results of this synergy was the emergence of such a phenomenon as electronic voting. Most often, electronic voting is classified according to the principle of their interaction with the voter. The first category is remote electronic voting, which includes online voting. This type of electronic voting is used for remote registration of the will of voters. Citizens, instead of visiting a polling station, vote using a home or work personal computer that is connected to the Internet. Can also use the computers installed in the booths in public places – in schools, libraries, etc. The second category in the above classification is voting using electronic means at polling stations. These include so-called «electronic» ballot boxes, electronic technical means for automating vote counting, and various automated systems for automating the election process as a whole and its various stages separately. In addition to considering the methods and technologies of electronic voting, the article also partially describes the methods and problems associated with the identification and formation of voter lists in electronic voting. The authors consider, among other things, the advantages and disadvantages of elective modern technologies. The main advantages of using electronic voting include automating the voting procedure, reducing financial and time costs, and improving the convenience of voting for certain categories of citizens. The disadvantages of the electronic voting technologies used are the lack of public confidence in electronic forms of voting, the likely violation of the principle of secrecy of voting, technical complexity, insufficient reliability compared to «traditional» methods of voting and summing up results, as well as problems with voter identification.

scholarly journals ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ ГОЛОСУВАННЯ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ РЕЦЕПЦІЇ

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Данько ◽  
Н. Г. Білоцерківська Білоцерківська
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
The Cost

The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of implementing and applying the electronic voting system in different countries of the world and the prospects for the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine. It is noted that e-democracy is a direct tool of democratization and development of the society in the information direction. One of the mechanisms of e-democracy is e-voting. Electronic voting is considered as a procedure for the implementation of the expression of will with the use of electronic means and as an automated process of counting votes, which simplifies the voting procedure and contributes to raising the level of electoral activity. It has been determined that e-voting, although it is one of the most complex forms of e-democracy, can still increase the interest of citizens, namely, the young people in the political life of the country, reduce the cost of the election process, enable citizens with disabilities to carry out a process of expression of will, improve the reliability of the procedure for counting election results. The author also examines the forms of e-voting that are used in world practice, namely: voting through the Internet, voting in the booth using "electronic ballot boxes" and e-voting with the help of a mobile phone. The experience of using e-voting system in different countries of the world, such as USA, Brazil, Estonia, Austria, Finland, Switzerland, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, etc., is analyzed. Identified problems faced by countries in elections when using the e-voting system. The author also considers the measures that Ukraine is developing to implement the e-voting system. In particular, it was noted that the first attempts to establish on the legislative level the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine were recorded as early as 2011. At present, the use of electronic voting in Ukraine is only in the stage of active discussion. Based on the experience of other countries, it has been determined that electronic voting should be used in parallel with the traditional expression of will.

scholarly journals Deliberative democracy: modernization or crisis of democracy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
O.V. Voloshenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This article is devoted to the advantages and disadvantages of the model of advisory (deliberative) democracy. Its basic provisions are revealed, the contribution to its development of J. Besset, J. Habermas, J. Cohen, R. Dahl, J. Fishkin is characterized. It has been established that the model of advisory democracy offers tools for active participation of the population in the discussion of important political issues in the period between elections. When discussing problematic issues, the right to vote is given to all those who are influenced by the decisions of public authorities (the principle of equity participation). At the same time, the dialogue should be free, equal, reasoned and aimed at reaching consensus. The main problems of deliberative democracy are highlighted, including the difficulty of reaching a general consensus in a socially heterogeneous society, leveling important social differences in the process of compromise, unpreparedness of citizens for a rational dialogue, the presence of cultural barriers in implementing advisory procedures in non-Western countries. Forms and methods of informal participation of citizens in the discussion of political issues in the United States, as well as in Germany, Spain, Belgium, Iceland, Poland and other European countries are considered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the use of advisory procedures in the world is characterized by a variety of deliberative tools and the breadth of its application: from solving problems of education and ecology, medicine and the local budget to the adoption of a new constitution. It is established that the concept of deliberative democracy takes into account both negative realities (alienation of political power from society, low level of public confidence in the political elite) and positive achievements of today (the idea of "good governance", information technology, ideological and legal pluralism). In view of this, it is concluded that the model of advisory democracy is a promising attempt to modernize democracy in the modern world, rethink the democratic principles of government, adapt the classical theory of democracy to modern needs and challenges.

scholarly journals Modern Technologies in the Electoral Procedure: Peculiarities and Development Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Marina S. Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Grigoriy S. Likholatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Modern Technologies

This article discusses the possibility of using modern technologies in the organization and conduct of elections in Russia. The advantages and disadvantages of electronic voting are analyzed.

“Floating Melodies and Memories” of the Terezín Memorial

Transfers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Chia-ling Lai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Will To Live ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
The Will ◽  
Musical Heritage

As Andrea Huyssen observes, since the 1990s the preservation of Holocaust heritage has become a worldwide phenomenon, and this “difficult heritage” has also led to the rise of “dark tourism.” Neither as sensationally traumatic as Auschwitz’s termination concentration camp in Poland nor as aesthetic as the forms of many modern Jewish museums in Germany and the United States, the Terezín Memorial in the Czech Republic provides a different way to present memorials of atrocity: it juxtaposes the original deadly site with the musical heritage that shows the will to live.

scholarly journals Advancements in Assessments of Bio-Tissue Engineering and Viable Cell Delivery Matrices Using Bile Acid-Based Pharmacological Biotechnologies

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Susbin Raj Wagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Bioartificial Pancreas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioartificial Organs ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Modern Technologies

The utilisation of bioartificial organs is of significant interest to many due to their versatility in treating a wide range of disorders. Microencapsulation has a potentially significant role in such organs. In order to utilise microcapsules, accurate characterisation and analysis is required to assess their properties and suitability. Bioartificial organs or transplantable microdevices must also account for immunogenic considerations, which will be discussed in detail. One of the most characterized cases is the investigation into a bioartificial pancreas, including using microencapsulation of islets or other cells, and will be the focus subject of this review. Overall, this review will discuss the traditional and modern technologies which are necessary for the characterisation of properties for transplantable microdevices or organs, summarizing analysis of the microcapsule itself, cells and finally a working organ. Furthermore, immunogenic considerations of such organs are another important aspect which is addressed within this review. The various techniques, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages will all be discussed. Hence, the purpose of this review is providing an updated examination of all processes for the analysis of a working, biocompatible artificial organ.

‘More Product, Less Process’ (MPLP): An early printed book project

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110267
Author(s):  
Karen Attar
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Main Research Interest ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

This article addresses the challenge to make printed hidden collections known quickly without sacrificing ultimate quality. It takes as its starting point the archival mantra ‘More product, less process’ and explores its application to printed books, mindful of projects in the United States to catalogue 19th- and 20th-century printed books quickly and cheaply with the help of OCLC. A problem is lack of time or managerial inclination ever to return to ‘quick and dirty’ imports. This article is a case study concerning a collection of 18th-century English imprints, the Graveley Parish Library, at Senate House Library, University of London. Faced with the need to provide metadata as quickly as possible for digitisation purposes, Senate House Library decided, in contrast to its normal treatment of early printed books, to download records from the English Short Title Catalogue and amend them only very minimally before releasing them for public view, and to do this work from catalogue cards rather than the books themselves. The article describes the Graveley Parish collection, the project method’s rationale, and the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing the English Short Title Catalogue for metadata. It discusses the drawbacks of retrospective conversion (cataloguing from cards, not books): insufficient detail in some cases to identify the relevant book, and ignorance of the copy-specific elements of books which can constitute the main research interest. The method is compared against cataloguing similar books from photocopies of title pages, and retrospective conversion using English Short Title Catalogue is compared against retrospective conversion of early printed Continental books from cards using Library Hub Discover or OCLC. The control groups show our method’s effectiveness. The project succeeded by producing records fast that fulfilled their immediate purpose and simultaneously would obviously require revisiting. The uniform nature of the collection enabled the saving of time through global changes.

THE SHADOW OF THE COURT: THE GROWING IMPERATIVE TO REFORM ETHICAL REGULATION OF FORMER JUDGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-546
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Appleby ◽  
Alysia Blackham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Ethics Regulation

AbstractIn recent years there has been a trend towards independent and more transparent ethical regulation for sitting judges, which is said to promote public confidence in the judicial institution, and reflect a move towards accountability and transparency as judicial values. However, regimes governing sitting judges largely fall away when the judge retires from the bench. Increasing longevity and rising numbers of former judges raise complex ethical regulation questions. Drawing on judicial ethics regimes in England and Wales, Australia, the United States and New Zealand, and instances where the conduct of former judges has reflected poorly on the integrity of the judiciary, this article argues that there are strong reasons for extending ethics regulation beyond judicial retirement. By reference to the principles that inform the rules regulating the conduct of sitting judges, we investigate the extent to which misconduct and disciplining regimes should extend to former judges, and whether there is a stronger role for soft instruments and more formalized processes for regulating former judges. In doing so, we propose a model for the development of ethical regulation for former judges.

Loathsome Deutschtum?

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-264
Author(s):  
Julie Hubbert
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Symphony Orchestra ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
World War ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The Will

Much has been said about the Nazi appropriation of Wagner’s music in the 1930s and 1940s. As early as 1933, Hitler transformed the Bayreuth Festival into a celebration of National Socialist ideology and propagated miniature Wagner festivals to celebrate his own birthday. Wagner’s music also resounded throughout the culture and media at large. What has been less understood and examined, however, is how this same music was also used in nonnarrative films, newsreels, government documentaries, and industrial and advertising films of the period. Here the appropriation of Wagner is more complex and problematic. Master Hands (1936), the critically acclaimed, feature-length industrial film sponsored by the American car company Chevrolet, is an excellent example. As several film scholars have observed, the film is an artistic advertisement for the American automobile industry that borrows heavily from Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will. But the film’s score, a compilation full of Wagner excerpts, arranged by composer Samuel Benavie and performed by the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, about which almost nothing has been said, is equally propagandistic. By examining the music for this industrial advertisement for Chevrolet, this chapter not only re-examines the reception of Wagner in the United States between the World War I and World War II but also examines the integral role his music played in the creation of American films of persuasion. It explores the use U.S. industrial filmmakers made of Wagner’s music as an audible signifier not for German fascism but to advertise for American democracy, industry, and capitalism.

O potrzebie wprowadzenia ustawy referendalnej do systemu prawnego w Polsce

2021 ◽  
Vol 1(162) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Piotr Uziębło
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional System

The problems raised in the doctrine of constitutional law related to the implementation of a decision taken in a referendum in matters of particular importance to the state, as well as the generally marginal use of the institution of popular vote in the constitutional prac-tice, give rise to reflection on the introduction of the institution of a referendum law into the Polish constitutional system. In this article the author considers the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution, analyzing at the same time contemporary normative regulations concerning such acts in other countries. The research leads to the conclusion that despite the risks involved, the refer-endum law should appear in the Polish constitutional system in the future, as it would not only give a chance for a more complete reflection of the will of the collective subject of sovereignty without the necessity of its decoding by the parliament, but it could also be an impulse for the development of the referendum practice in the Republic of Poland. However, it is important to introduce proce-dural barriers that will prevent depreciation of this institution.

Public-Private Partnership for the Development of Space Sector in the United States and Great Britain

2022 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
V. P. Zavarukhin ◽  
N. D. Frolova ◽  
D. V. Baibulatova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Activities

The article provides an analysis of modern trends in building public-private partnership (PPP), gives an overview of key studies devoted to this subject in general and PPPs in the field of space activities in particular. The authors analyze the practice of public-private partnerships in the U. S. and Great Britain on the examples of specific mechanisms, their key features, advantages and disadvantages that determine the possibility of their application in different areas of government-business cooperation in the field of space exploration. In order to find possible ways for direct application or adaptation of this experience in Russia for organizing space exploration PPPs the researchers concluded that the level of high-tech production in this country is insufficient and significant administrative barriers for attracting private sector into the space industry are still present.

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